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http://repository.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/9776| Title: | The Potential of Potassium Loaded Gamma Alumina from Kaolin as a Solid Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production |
| Authors: | Olugbenga, Adeola Grace Garba, M.U. Abubakar, Mohammed |
| Keywords: | Transesterification, Biodiesel, Gamma-alumina, Kaolin, Potassium |
| Issue Date: | Apr-2013 |
| Publisher: | International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research |
| Citation: | Adeola G. Olugbenga, Abubakar Mohammed, Mohammed U. Garba The Potential of Potassium Loaded Gamma Alumina from Kaolin as a Solid Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production, International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 3 volume 2, March-April 2013 https://rspublication.com/ijst/april13/april13.htm Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954 https://rspublication.com/ijst/april13/40.pdf |
| Abstract: | The investigation on enhancing the activity of single promoted catalyst, K2O/ɣ-alumina, for transesterification reactions has been carried out. The K2O was first precipitated from KNO3, the gamma alumina was impregnated with potassium ions and subsequently CaO sorption was carried out. Calcination time was observed while the temperature was closely monitored by a locally fabricated 3liter capacity reactor coupled with a reflux and a thermometer. BET and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the catalyst. The transesterification reaction proceeded between waste oil and methanol on the prepared catalyst. After optimization of a 6hours reflux process, 40% KNO3 was required at 50oC. However at 590oC of a 6hours heating of the alumina, the methanol: waste oil ratio of 25:1 was observed at the molar scale. The catalyst can be classified as a double promoted catalyst. The double promoted catalyst show a brilliant potential compared to results reported on single promoted catalysts. |
| Description: | Single promoted catalyst has been employed and reported in all transesterification reactions involving oils. Mono–alkyl esters have been produced bytransesterification of triglyceride using mono-alkyl alcohols popularly called methanolysis process.In fact,biodiesel fuels havebeen produced with reactions normally carried out with homogenized base and acid catalysts where hydrochloric acids and sulfonic acid are used. The drawback to these oil production routes is that the reaction time is as long as two days and a higher methanol tooil rangeis involved (40–140:1mol%)[1-3]. The base catalysts used are sodium alky oxides, such as NaOCH3, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and their carbonates. The quest for alternative sources of energy has generated a lot of interest in recent years, due to limitation of conventional fossil fuel and the increasing price of oil in the international market as well as concern over greenhouse gas emission. Biodiesel is a biodegradable and renewable form of energy, consisting of mono alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from sources such as animal fats and vegetable oil [4]. Vegetable oil was first used as fuel for a diesel engine invented by Rudolph Diesel in 1911 and it was concluded that diesel engine can be fed with vegetable oil [5]. Recently, of its many advantages such as high flash point, high cetane number, low viscosity, high lubricity, biodegradability, environmentally friendly due to less carbon monoxide emissions, as well as fewer emission profiles compared to conventional fossil fuels, there has been renewed interest on vegetable oils and animal fats as bio diesel [6]. They can also be used in conventional compression-ignition engines without the need for engine modifications [7]. Furthermore, the fuel can reduce the particulate emissions from engine either by using it in pure form or by blending it [8, 9]. Some of the vegetable oils studied by researchers as a precursors for biodiesel production includes; canola [10], palm [11], jatropha [12], palm kernel [13], sunflower [14], and coconut [15]. However, the high cost of vegetable oils compared to that of fossil based diesel fuel is the main concern |
| URI: | http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html http://repository.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/9776 |
| Appears in Collections: | Chemical Engineering |
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