Blood Glucose-Insulin Dynamics in Type-1 Diabetic Patients for the Mitigation of Hyperglycemic Conditions: A PID Controller with a Step Response

Abstract

It has been noted that eating habits, physical exercise, and anxiety are some of the elements influencing blood sugar levels. After a diabetic person has eaten, a hyperglycemic condition can be detected right away. In a healthy person, insulin is produced by the pancreatic beta cell, which regulates the body. However, in a diabetic person, the pancreatic beta cell is damaged, making it unable to accomplish normal regulation. The incorporation of a controller to ensure the system operates properly is one of the few solutions to this problem. Bergman’s mathematical equations and a PID controller were both used in this investigation, which was conducted in the MATLAB environment. According to the findings, the rising time and settling time for the tuned response were measured at 2.2 and 3.91 s, respectively, while the block response of the controller was measured at 0 and 5.65 s. The derivative gain was adjusted to enhance stability and reduce overshoot.