ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LAWSONIA INERMIS, SECURIDACA LONGIPEDUNCULATA AND ENANTIA CHLORANTHA EXTRACTS ON SELECTED SPECIES OF DERMATOPHYTES

Abstract

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are effective source of both modern and traditional medicine. This study was aimed to determine the Antifungal activities and phytochemical analysis of Lawsonia inermis, Securidaca longipedunculata Enantia chlorantha extracts on some dermatophytes. The dermatophyte isolates used in this research were Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton schoenleinni and Microsporum audouinii and the plant material used for the study were lawsonia inermis, Enantia chlorantha and S. ecuridaca longipedunculata. The isolates were identified, characterized and confirmed using cultural, morphological and molecular techniques while the plants were extracted using cold maceration technique and further partitioned into n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and residual aqueous. The mean zones of inhibition of the extract revealed a significant (p<0.05) spectrum of activity against fungal isolates of Lawsonia inermis 10.05, 13.15, 13.20,13.3 and 16.65. Enantia chlorantha 11.55, 12.00, 13.00, 14.60, 16.90 and 18.15 and S.ecuridaca longipedunculata 10.85, 12.10,13.10, 13.80,14.10 and 14.80. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) showed at 16.65±0.35 mm at 150 mg/ml concentration and the least at 7.81 mg/ml concentration and MFC showed at 15.60 mg/ml was the least and 300 mg/ml was the highest. The GC-MS analysis of the fraction revealed 8 compounds for L. inermis with 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z) (ethyl acetate fraction at 23.49%) and 5hydroxymethylfurfural (residual aqueous fraction at 42.72%) with the highest peak area respectively, 3 compounds for E. chlorantha with n-hexadecanoidic acid (ethyl acetate fraction at 15.05%) and 1,5-anhydro-d-mannitol(residual aqueous fraction at 93.10%) with the highest peak area respectively and 6 compounds for S. longipedunculata with 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z) (ethyl acetate fraction at 28.05%) had the highest peak area respectively. Quantitative phytochemical analysis activity of the crude and fractions were carried out using standard methods. The phytoconstituents of the fractions were determined using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS). The extract contains phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins at varying concentrations Lawsonia inermis (822.11 mg/100g, 89.84 mg/100g, 181.95 mg/100g, 49.90 mg/100g and 346.83mg/100g respectively), Enantia chlorantha (416.07 mg/100g, 26.09 mg/100g, 26.45 mg/100g, 20.67 mg/100g and 117.86 mg/100g respectively) and Sacuridaca longipedunculata (509.68 mg/100g, 62.21 mg/100g, 87.75 mg/100g, 380.92 mg/100g and 35.28 mg/100g respectively). The study revealed that the plant material could be a good candidate for use in the management of dermatophyte, although further evaluation needs to be carried out in other to fully validate their usage.