DETECTION OF IMMUNOLOGLUBULIN G TO POLIOVIRUS IN CHILDREN 5-10 YEARS OLD IN MINNA, NIGERIA

Abstract

ABSTRACT In the Minna, data on the seroprevalence rate of antibodies to poliovirus serotypes which can be used to determine children’s immune status and the vaccine efficacy against poliomyelitis is sparse. This study was aimed at detecting immunoglobulin G to poliovirus in children aged 5-10 years old in Minna, Nigeria. About 2 mL of blood was collected by venepuncture from 91 children selected randomly from various health care facilities across Minna. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000rpm for 5 minutes in order to separate the sera. The detection of poliovirus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies from the processed blood samples was done using polyclonal enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection test kits. In this study, all the children had detectable level of antibodies, 85 (93.4%) children consisting of 49 (53.8%) males and 36 (39.6%) females had protective level of antibodies (seropositive) with optical density of sera greater than standard cut-off and concentration of antibodies greater than 10U/mL. Seropositivity rate of 96.8% (30/31), 94.0% (31/33) and 88.9% (24/27) were recorded among children aged 9-10, 7-8 and 5-6 years old respectively. About 74.7% (68/91) of the participants were weak responder (concentration of antibodies <50 U/mL) to the vaccines received with low seroconversion rates while 6.6% (6/91) of the children had sub-protective level of antibodies (seronegative). Age, sex, parents’ occupation, mothers’ educational status and source of drinking water have no significant association (p>0.05) with seroprevalence rates while fathers’ educational status showed significant statistical association with seroprevalence rate (p<0.05). High seropositivity and low seroconversion rate was recorded in this study, state-wide seroprevalence is recommended to comprehensively evaluate the progress made so far in sustaining polio-free status.