Alheri, A.Ago, M. AJamila, U. A.Anyanwu, S. K.,Bisiriyu, M. T.Aisha, K. U2025-04-172024(ISSN: 2682-6054)http://repository.futminna.edu.ng:4000/handle/123456789/778Heterogeneous catalyst produced from coconut waste shell (CWS) via chemical activation was utilized for biodiesel production from Balanite aegyptiaca seed oil. The effects of impregnation ratios (2 – 10 g/cm3), activation temperatures (500 – 900 oC) and time (1 – 3 h) on the yield of catalyst were investigated. The chemical-activated catalyst produced from coconut shell was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The biodiesel was further characterized using GC-MS. The heterogeneous catalyst produced by chemical activation under the following optimum conditions: activation temperature (800 oC), impregnation ratio (3:6g/cm3), and reaction time (1 h) was of high yield. SEM images showed a highly porous characteristic, with lots of cavities and strands on the surface. The optimum conditions to achieve maximum yield of the biodiesel (82.9%) were reaction temperature (40 oC), methanol/oil molar ratios (9:1 cm3), catalyst concentration (1.0 g/cm3) and reaction time (60 min). The fuel properties of biodiesel produced by chemical activation catalyst were: kinematic viscosity (5.70 mm2/s), specific gravity (0.86), pour point (9 oC), flash point (185 oC), cloud point (9 oC), colour 1.0 and cetane number 62. The GC-MS analysis demonstrated the presence of decanoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 4-hexenoic acid methyl ester and pentadecanoic acid methyl ester. The study showed that chemically produced heterogeneous catalyst from coconut waste shell can be used for the production of biodiesel.enCatalystCoconutShellBalanite aegyptiacaiodiesel.Article