Classification and Severity Estimation of Eccentricity Faults in Salient Pole Synchronous Machine using Deep Learning

Abstract

The presented research work is focused on the classification and severity estimation of eccentricity faults in Salient Pole Synchronous Machines. Building on our comparative study of Artificial Neural Network and Convolutional Neural Network for eccentricity fault classification, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model, namely Hierarchical Convolutional Neural Network, for eccentricity classification and severity estimation. The deep learning model inherently consists of an eccentricity detection component for fault classification and a severity estimation component for fault quantification. The deep learning model is built using the experimental data of a 3-phase, 2-kW, salient pole synchronous machine. The machine is subjected to 20%, 40%, and 60% severities of static and dynamic eccentricity faults under different loading conditions. Stator line currents and line-to-line voltages obtained from different operating conditions are used to train, validate and test the proposed model. To enhance the model's performance, time delay construction was incorporated to augment the datasets and carefully evaluate the impact of selected raw input features, specifically stator currents and voltages, as well as the load. Among the evaluated scenarios, the use of voltage with time delay (V, TD) as input features produced the best results, achieving 100% classification accuracy and a root mean square error of 0.0046 for static eccentricity and 0.0188 for dynamic eccentricity estimation. Results indicate that the model performs excellently in fault classification and severity estimation. Compared to traditional machine learning models, the presented model is an end-to-end deep learning architecture devoid of manual feature extraction and is robust to load variations.