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    Modeling and optimal control of monkeypox with cost-effective strategies
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022-11-22) Olumuyiwa James Peter; Chinwendu E. Madubueze; Mayowa M. Ojo; Festus Abiodun Oguntolu; Tawakalt Abosede Ayoola
    In this work, we develop and analyze a deterministic mathematical model to investigate the dynamics of monkeypox. We examine the local and global stability of the basic model without control variables. The outcome demonstrates that when the reproduction number , the model’s disease-free equilibrium would be locally and globally asymptotically stable. We further analyze the effective control of monkeypox in a given population by formulating and analyzing an optimal control problem. We extend the basic model to include four control variables, namely preventive strategies for transmission from rodents to humans, prevention of infection from human to human, isolation of infected individuals, and treatment of isolated individuals. We established the necessary conditions for the existence of optimal control using Pontryagin’s maximal principle. To illustrate the impact of different control combinations on the spread of monkeypox, we use the fourth-order Runge–Kutta forward–backward sweep approach to simulate the optimality system. A cost-effectiveness study is conducted to educate the public about the most cost-effective method among various control combinations. The results suggest that, of all the combinations considered in this study, implementing preventive strategies for transmission from rodents to humans is the most economical and effective among all competing strategies.
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    Promoting an IoT-based waste-bin management system in higher institution
    (Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2019-12-13) Gbadamosi Safiu Abiodun; Galadima Nuhu Usman
    The accumulation of waste around faculty and hostels in higher institutions has become a great sense of concern to both staff and students. Often time the scene of the dumb sites is characterized by unpleasant smell and germs that can be harmful to the health status of both staff and students. To maintain the waste collection and proper waste disposal, we propose an IoT-based waste-bin management system. The IoT-based waste-bin management system employed the use of cloud server (Thingspeak) capable of computing, analysing and presenting a graphical representation of waste with the aid of an ultrasonic sensor through the microcontroller unit embedded with WiFi module. The ultrasonic sensor monitors the waste in respect to the time difference between the emitted and receipted wave of the sensor at a frequency of 40 kHz from a distance of 2 cm to 400 cm. The microcontroller samples, digitized and processed the sensor data before being sent over the network to the cloud server. The result obtained is a graphical representation of the status of the waste viewed from both the liquid crystal display (LCD) and the web interface. The graph varies from 25% to approximately 75% filled value of the waste-bin. The system can be used for proper monitoring and for future decisive actions on amount of waste generated. The device is easy to implement due to its cost-effectiveness.