Conference Papers
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Item HARVESTING RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE USING QUANTUM DOT TECHNOLOGY(13th annual and international hybrid conference of the renewable and alternative energy of nigeria, 2025-03) Ikeri, H.I; Ndubueze, D. N; Eze, C. N.; Achuka, E. I; Nwagbara, O.; Onuabuchi, V. CThis paper explores the role of quantum dots in revolutionizing renewable energy technologies, addressing challenges such as stability and environmental impact. Renewable energy is essential for a sustainable future and advancements in nanotechnology have opened new possibilities for efficient energy harvesting. The result obtained indicates that quantum dots (QDs), display tunable electronic properties, discrete electronic state and high photon absorption efficiency. The novel properties allow for new design architectures such as immediate band, multiple exciton generation and multiple junction solar cell technologies. These mechanics have shown to derive quantitative gains in the solar to electricity conversion efficiency to surpass the Shockley and Quisser limit imposed on conventional cells. By integrating QD-based systems with solar photovoltaics and next generation batteries would paves the way for more efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Item Methodological Insights from Using a Mixed Methods Design in the Study of a Restorative Postnatal Hospital Environment(International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Spatial Methods for Urban Sustainability (SMUS Conference), 2022-09-10) Lawal, Lateef Ademola; Vale, RobertOver the past decade, the patient-centred care approach has been a prominent discourse for healthcare organisations and building designers on how to improve healthcare environments for patients’ satisfaction. This is due in part, to the growing awareness that physical design of hospitals has considerable impacts on patient’s recovery and health outcomes within healthcare environments. Women, who use hospitals for birth, are particularly vulnerable when it comes to sleep disruption and recovery. The unconducive and unrestful situations in hospitals, especially within the postnatal layouts of healthcare facilities are of concern to healthcare providers and caregivers with adverse health effects on the new mothers in terms of their recovery experiences and wellbeing. Additionally, the short hospital stays following the birth implies that women need an optimum environment that can facilitate the rest and recovery experience while in hospitals. This is a unique situation in that research in the childbirth environment has only focused on labour and birth experiences of women. Best and ideal restorative postnatal design features to facilitate the rest and recovery experience for women are unclear. This study utilised a mixed methods design (online questionnaire surveys and focus groups) as a likely effective way to understand the intricacies about short hospital stay, interactions of design layout and women’s wellbeing postnatally. This methodological paper aims to provide insights that may be beneficial to other researchers combining questionnaire surveys and focus groups as techniques, in the study of an ideal physical environment for optimum postnatal care. The paper discusses the process for engaging the participants (postnatal women and midwives), their backgrounds and experiences of the postnatal space, especially in large, tertiary hospitals, the vision of postnatal care in an ideal world and how to analyse the rich, multiple perspectives that contribute to an understanding of a restorative postnatal hospital environment. The paper outlines some of the best practices regarding design features that could be beneficial to care givers for effective and quality postnatal care for women prior to going home.Item Synthesis and Characterization of Chemically Deposited Doped Stannate Ternary Metal Oxide Thin Films and Their Solar Energy Applications(4th Africa Nano Conference and Workshop, 2021-07) Eze, C. N.; Onyia, A. I; Nnabuchi, M. NNano structured ternary metal oxide thin film like ZnSnO4 have receive much attention in the last decades owing to their unique properties rendering them suitable for wide range of applications. ZnSnO4 were grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis method. Home made spray pyrolysis technique is employed to prepared thin films. ZnSnO4 film was deposited on glas substrate using aqueous solution of zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn (CH3COO)2.2H2O and Tin (11) Chloride dehydrate or Stanic Chloride pentahydrate, SnCl2.5H2O as precursor at temperature of 2000C. the concentration of Zinc was varied from 0.001 to 0.005 while that of Tin was at 0.5. The product was annealed at 1hr at 2000C to improve its crystallinity. Various investigative techniques like XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-Visible, Raman spectroscopy analysis were carried out to find out the structural, morphological, spectroscopic and other properties of the ternary oxide thin film. The synthesized ZnSnO4 is of average crystalline size nano flowered having transmittance which increases with increase in wavelength. It has various band gaps which makes it find its application in photocatalysis and DSSCs (photoanode).SelfItem Electrode Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion(Tailor and Francis, 2022) Eze, C. N.; Obodo, R. M; Ezema, F. I; Kebede, M. AAlkaline earth stannates are rare earths and are crucial material systems evident of their attractive physical properties. They are ternary metal oxide semiconductors.They have both perovskite structures (BaSnO3, SrSnO3) and spinel structures(ZnSnO4).They are compounds of tin (Sn). Broadly, these compoundsexhibit elevated melting-points, elevated thermal stability, great thermal expansion coefficient, excellent chemical resistance, small thermal conductivity and great ionic conductivity which guarantee their possible applicacability in thermal barrier coating, hosts for luminescence centers, hosts for nuclear wastes, oxygen monitoring sensors, high-temperature catalysts, solar cells applicability and solid electrolytes in large temperature fuel cells. When these materials are produced as nanoparticles, the decreased particle size as well as enlarged specific surface area could result in diverse phase transition temperatures, improved catalytic activity, and enhanced processability. Commonly, these rare earth complex oxide nanomaterialscould be fabricated via conventional solid-state reactions, coprecipitation, sol-gel, hydrothermal, self-propagation techniques, etc.In the background of energy crisis, climate change, long-term supply and security, solar energy is a striking source. For these stannates to be better utilized in solar energy harvesting applications, they are better doped.The stannates considered here are SrSnO3, BaSnO3 and ZnSnO4.The doped stannates are used in various ways as stated above and equally as transparent conductors, light absorbers, photoanodes, etc. This is in relation to optical properties.The Optical properties, structural order and surface properties of these materials are considered. On doping, thesestannates maintain excellent transparency which makes them excellent materials as transparent conductor particularlyZnSnO4. They are found highly useful in photocatalysis and other areas.In solar energy harvesting, solar energy harvesting devices could have a better output when nanostructures like doped stannates are incorporated in them. Such advance is hopeful. It improves the power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of such devices by utilizing new nanostructures to update device structural designs. This is an applauded process.Item A STUDY OF CHEMICALLY DEPOSITED OXIDE- BASED TERNARY THIN FILM OF ZINC TITANATE (ZnTiO3) DOPED WITH NATURAL DYES AND THEIR POTENTIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS.(journal of nano and material science research, 2025) Eze, C. N.The ternary metal oxide thin film of ZnTiO3 doped with three different natural dyes were synthesized on glass substrate via solution growth (SG) at room temperature. Chemical baths were used which contained Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), Titanium Chloride (TiCl3), distilled water and calibrated drops per bath of organic dyes: Lawsonia inermis, Beta vulgaries and Jatropha curcas respectively. Each deposit which was set at a temperature of 80 0C lasted for 1 h and each deposit was annealed at 400 0C for 1 h. These deposited nano thin films were characterized for their structural, morphological, optical properties, elemental composition and electronic (chemical) structure and presence of functional groups by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UV-VIS spectrophotometer, Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluoroscopy (EDXRF) and photoluminescence Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation Spectroscopy (FTIR). Polycrystalline thin films were evidenced which marked porosity offered them maximum surface area for dye loading which is critical for photosensitization in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Such doping presented band gaps of doped ZnTiO3 from 1.84 eV to 3.45 eV depending on dopants applied as against undoped film band gap that was 3.55 eV. The FTIR results showed good photophysical, carboxylate and modification properties of the dyes which helps in sunlight harvesting, anchoring and surface structure modification of the films. The dye influenced the optical properties of the samples and in particular, the reduction of the energy band gap, Eg from an increase in absorption coefficient α, giving high absorbance A, low extinction coefficient k, low reflectance R, which inferred its potential applications in solar energy devices when used in construction, poultry houses, solar cells and DSSCs.Item Disinformation, Fake News, and the prolonged Academic Staff union of Universities strike: The Nigerian Universities’ story(2024) F.J. Abduldayan; S.O. Abu; R.S. Ahmed; M.A. Gomna; M.A. Salubuyi; P.O. Chuks-IbeInformation literacy skill is essential for everyone especially at this age of information overload where it is often difficult to sieve the truth out of the numerous information dissemination channels available on the Internet. Librarians and libraries are at the forefront of ensuring that only should accurate, timely, and reliable information is offered to their users. However, the scourge of disinformation and fake news has created a huge gap which libraries and librarians are expected to fill. The study examined the impact of disinformation and fake news on the prolonged Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) strike in Nigerian universities. Secondary data was gathered from the report by ASUU National executives and Government officials from the Ministry of Education and Labour at the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Also, reactions from Nigerian students to some of the information on the Internet was mined from Twitter. Content and thematic analysis was done on the gathered data using the Braun & Clarke thematic analysis approach. The findings of the study provided a framework that can be adopted to fill information and communication gap between the university union, the government, and Nigerian students in order to limit the effect of disinformation and fake news on the public and the Nation at large. Also, the result of the study showed the reports from Government officials, Academic Staff Union of University and students’ perspectives. The study recommended that libraries should have official social media handle where current information be disseminated regularly.Item Optical Properties of PbSe, PbS, and PbTe Semiconductor Quantum Dots and their Applications(2025-08) Ikeri, H.I; Harry, S.T; Achuka, E.I; Eze, C. N.; Asielue, O.K; Ndubueze, N.DAbstract - Optical properties of PbSe, PbS, and PbTe semiconductors in confinement regimes have been studied using the Brus equation. The results indicate that QDs exhibit size-dependent optical behavior and, hence, tunable bandgaps and emission wavelengths as a consequence of quantum confinement. As the QD size decreases, the absorption edge and emission peak are blue-shifted for all three materials. It is found that PbSe QDs display significant quantum confinement even at larger sizes. Due to its relatively large exciton Bohr radius (~46 nm), as the size decreases from 10 nm to 2 nm, the bandgap increases from 0.27 eV to over 1 eV, shifting absorption and emission into the near-infrared (NIR), leading to applications into NIR photodetectors, solar cells, and biomedical imaging. Also, PbS QDs exhibit significant quantum confinement effects at smaller sizes due to their smaller exciton Bohr radius (~20 nm) compared to PbSe. The bandgap increases from 0.41 eV to around 1.5 eV as the size decreases from 10 nm to 2 nm, shifting absorption and emission from the NIR into the visible range. This is utilized in solar cells, visible to NIR photodetectors and LEDs. Furthermore, PbTe QDs also exhibit pronounced quantum confinement effects because of their relatively large exciton Bohr radius (~46 nm). The bandgap increases from 0.32 eV to around 1 eV as the size decreases from 10 nm to 2 nm, shifting absorption and emission into the NIR and Mid-Infrared (MIR) regions, making them excellent materials for infrared detectors, thermoelectric and MIR applications. Among the semiconductor materials studied, PbS QD typically exhibits the largest increase in bandgap with decreasing size, making them suitable for applications requiring larger bandgap tunability, followed by PbSe and PbTe. These different optical characteristics are due to their unique electronic properties and exciton Bohr radii.Item Mathematical Analysis of the Transmission Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-05-15) F.A. Oguntolu; O.J. Peter; D. Aldila; G. B. Balogun; O. P. Ogunmola; B. I. OmedeHepatitis B is a life-threatening hepatic illness induced by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This is a major worldwide health issue, especially in low- and middle-income nations in Africa and the Western Pacific, where prevalence rates are the greatest. Nevertheless, the existence of an efficacious vaccination, Hepatitis B persists in inflicting significant morbidity and death owing to a deficiency of awareness regarding the illness. Thus, we developed a deterministic mathematical model to elucidate the transmission dynamics of Hepatitis B, integrating elements such as vertical transmission, re-infection, and environmental viral concentration. The study starts with the calculation of the basic reproduction number and the assessment of the local stability of the disease-free equilibrium employing the Routh-Hurwitz criteria. A comprehensive examination of the model indicates that the model may experience backward bifurcation phenomena under some specific conditions. This trait presents considerable challenges in the proper management of Hepatitis B infection among the population. Assuming no re-infection of Hepatitis B post-recovery, the disease-free equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than or equal to one. The sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number was conducted to assess the influence of each fundamental parameter in the model that contributes to disease transmission. Utilizing the optimal control theory to effectively curb the spread of Hepatitis B, we incorporated two time-varying control strategies, namely the prevention of susceptible individuals from acquiring HBV (through safe sex practice, regular washing of hands, and using protective hand gloves when handling blood, body fluid and semen) and the sensitization on individuals on personal hygiene, sterilization and proper disposal of medical and dental equipment like syringes in order to reduce the shedding of HBV in the environment. The numerical simulations indicated that Hepatitis B infection may be effectively managed and mitigated within the community if both control measures are correctly implemented.Item Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Eccentricity Fault Classification in Salient Pole Synchronous Machine(IEEE, 2024-03-22) Shejwalkar, Ashwin; Yusuf, Latifa; Ilamparithi, Thirumarai ChelvanThe paper performs a comparative study of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the classification of Static Eccentricity (SE) and Dynamic Eccentricity (DE) faults in a Salient Pole Synchronous Machine (SPSM). The SPSM was subjected to varying SE and DE severities, unbalanced source voltages, and load conditions. Stator and field current data were measured, and various time-domain and frequency-domain features were extracted from the above-mentioned data. Both networks were fed these features and compared based on classification accuracy, robustness, and computational complexity.Item Examination of Rental Default by Commercial Property Occupiers in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria(2022) Zainab Adetoro Folorunso; Rukaiyat Adeola OgunbajoThe effect of rental defaults by commercial property occupiers cannot be overemphasised, as the rate of default is increasing at an alarming rate. Rental default arises when occupiers of commercial properties fail to carry out their obligation of fulfilling the financial requirements as when due. This phenomenon has led to several issues on the part of the property managers and property owners, including delays in mortgage payments, poor maintenance, and a host of other problems. This study investigates the prevalence of rent defaults among owners of commercial property in Minna, Niger state, to stop this unsightly occurrence of rental default and related attendance concerns in commercial buildings. This is done to give property owners in the study region more authority over their decisions. The study used a survey methodology in which 311 residents of 38 purpose-built retail complexes (PBSC) received questionnaires via simple random distribution. The received data was examined using percentage and frequency distribution. The results depicts that 52% of the respondent pay their rents as at when do and 48% defaults in the in payment, this shows that the rent default amongst tenants of PBSC in study area is fair.