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Item Mechanical Properties of Concrete using Bida Natural Aggregate as Coarse Aggregates(Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, 2020-10-10) YUSUF, Abdulazeez; M. Abdullahi; S. Sadiku; J. I. AguwaSignificant volume of concrete is occupied by aggregates. Most of these are obtained from rock fragment which depletes natural resources and thereby distorting the ecosystem. The use of alternative aggregate has the potential of reducing this menace. This paper investigates the slump and strength properties of concrete made by varying Bida Natural Aggregate to total aggregate ratio (BNA/TA). Nine different mixes were prepared for three Water to Cement (W/C) ratios and three BNA/TA ratios while Total Aggregate to Cement ratio (TA/C) was kept constant. Properties of the aggregates were determined and found to be satisfactory for concrete production. Three 150x150x150 mm concrete cubes, three 100x100x500 mm concrete prisms and three 100x200 mm concrete cylinders were produced for W/C of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 and BNA/TA of 0.55, 0.6 and 0.65. The compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of the specimens were determined at 28 days curing duration. Test results indicates that the higher the BNA /TA content, the lower the slump of concrete. A combination of BNA/TA of 0.55, W/C of 0.4 and TA/C ratio of 3 gave maximum compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength of 44.30 N/mm2, 7.60 N/mm2 and 3.42 N/mm2 respectively. It was concluded that BNA can be used in place of crushed granite in concrete production.Item Strength Properties of Concrete Using Terrazzo Waste as Partial Replacement for Cement(Epistemics in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2020-04-10) YUSUF, Abdulazeez; H. O. Aminulai; B. E. MfonCement is regarded as the most expensive concrete ingredient. Reducing the quantity of cement used in concrete with Terrazzo Waste (TW), will reduce the cost of concrete and solve disposal and environmental challenges posed by TW. The effect of partial replacement of cement with TW in concrete was studied. The specific gravity, sieve analysis, water absorption, bulk density and moisture content tests were carried out on the aggregates. A terrazzo waste replacement of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight of cement was used to cast 150 x 150 x 150 mm concrete cubes as well as 500 x 100 x 100 mm concrete prisms. A mix ratio of 1:1.8:2.51 designed for an M30 concrete with water-cement ratio of 0.50 was used for all mixes. The weight of concrete increased with corresponding increase in the content of TW. Compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted on thirty-six (36) cubes and thirty-six (36) prisms after curing by full immersion for 7 and 28 days. The values of compressive strength ranged between 19.88 N/mm² to 37.63 N/m² while the flexural strength obtained range between 3.12 N/mm² and 4.52 N/mm² at 28days of curing. Different percentage replacement of TW satisfied different concrete grade requirement for structural design except for 50% replacement which recorded compressive strength of 19.88 N/mm². An optimum replacement level of %10 was recorded and the concrete is applicable for structural elements in buildings. Second order polynomial equations were developed for predicting compressive and flexural strength of concrete containing TW. Terrazzo waste was therefore recommended for use as a partial replacement for cement in concrete production.Item APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PREDICTING THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING NATURAL AGGREGATE(2nd Annual Seminar of The Nigerian Society of Engineers Bida Branch:, 2023-10-05) Okafor A.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Abbas B. A.; Kolo D. N.; Adelasoye J.This seminar presentation explored the application of various artificial intelligence techniques such as Artificial Neural network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) for predicting the compressive strength of concrete using natural aggregates. Twenty-seven different experimental data points which was augmented to 180 data points was used in the study. The ANN, ANFIS and MLR models were developed, trained, tested and validated with the augmented data using MATLAB software. Statistical evaluators like the R2, MSE and the RMSE was used to evaluate the algorithm with the strongest predictive capability. The results obtained from the analysis revealed distinct performance variations among the three AI models studied. Both the ANN and ANFIS models consistently demonstrated superior predictive capabilities compared to the MLR model. The ANN gave R2 of 1, MSE of 8.66e-26 and RMSE 2.94e-13, the ANFIS gave R2 values of 1, MSE of 0.00033 and RMSE of 0.0183 while the MLR reported R2 values of 0.1243, MSE of 85.93 and RMSE of 9.27. The ANN model was adjudged to be the best prediction model for concrete containing natural aggregate based on the performance metrics.Item Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement with Cow Dung Ash Using Bida Natural Coarse Aggregate(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, 0022-10-05) Abbas, B. A.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Kolo, D. N; Aboje, A. A.; Mahmud, M.B.; Ndaiji, A. U.The research investigates the effect of partial replacement of cement with cow dung ash (CDA) in concrete production using Bida natural coarse aggregate. Water to cement ratio and mix ratio of 0.6 and 1:2:4 was adopted respectively. The aggregates used were characterized and the cow dung was calcined at a temperature between 400-500oC. Concrete was produced using CDA as cement replacement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%. Slump of the freshly produced concrete was determined and the compressive strength of the hardened concrete was determined at 7, 21 and 28 days of curing. The sum of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 in CDA exceeds the 70% minimum specified by ASTMC 618-12. The slump of the fresh concrete ranges from 0 – 40 mm while the compressive strength at 28 days curing duration ranges from 12.59N/mm2 19.29N/mm2 and density was 2323.95kg/m3– 2554.59kg/m3 respectively. The test results revealed that the compressive strength decrease with increase in CDA content and increase with curing age. The strength results indicate that there was no much significant difference between the control specimen with 0% CDA and that containing 5% CDA. This implies that concrete made using CDA as partial replacement for cement can be used for structural applications such as in the construction of reinforced concrete slabs, beams, columns and foundations. The study concluded that CDA has pozzolanic properties and can be used to replace up to 10% cement in concrete produced using Bida natural coarse aggregate.Item EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE WITH SAWDUST IN LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE PRODUCTION USING BIDA NATURAL STONE AS COARSE AGGREGATE(3rd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2019), 2019-09-22) Alhaji B; Abubakar M.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Oritola S. F; Mohammed S; Kolo D. NThis study investigated the effect of sawdust as partial replacement for Fine Aggregate in light weight concrete production. Sawdust was used to replace Fine Aggregate from 0% to 40% in steps of 5%. 150 x 150 x 150mm concrete cubes were cast for each replacement level, the concrete was cured and the compressive strengths were determined at 7, 21 and 28days curing period respectively. Increase in percentage of sawdust in concrete led to a constant reduction in the compressive strength values with a corresponding reduction in weight. From the result obtained, 5% replacement of Fine Aggregate with sawdust gave a maximum compressive strength 13.11 N/mm2. It was however concluded that the optimum replacement level of 5% can be used as plain concrete for blinding works.Item EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE WITH SAWDUST IN LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE PRODUCTION USING BIDA NATURAL STONE AS COARSE AGGREGATE(3rd International Engineering Conference, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2019) Alhaji, Bala; Abubakar, Mahmud; Yusuf, A.; Oritola, S. F.; Mohammed, S.; Kolo, D. N.This study investigated the effect of sawdust as partial replacement for Fine Aggregate in light weight concrete production. Sawdust was used to replace Fine Aggregate from 0% to 40% in steps of 5%. 150 x 150 x 150mm concrete cubes were cast for each replacement level, the concrete was cured and the compressive strengths were determined at 7, 21 and 28days curing period respectively. Increase in percentage of sawdust in concrete led to a constant reduction in the compressive strength values with a corresponding reduction in weight. From the result obtained, 5% replacement of Fine Aggregate with sawdust gave a maximum compressive strength 13.11 N/mm2. It was however concluded that the optimum replacement level of 5% can be used as plain concrete for blinding works.Item Experimental Study on Steel fibre reinforced Natural aggregate concrete(Ethiopian International Journal of Engineering and Technology (EIJET), 2024-01-02) Kolo, D. N.; Graham, M.; Milad, A.The rising volume of pollution is a significant threat to achieving the United Nations’ goal for a sustainable society. Various approaches have been used to tackle pollution, including recycling wastes into completely new products or utilizing them to improve other materials. In this respect, this article presents the results of an experimental study conducted on waste steel fiber sourced from waste tyres in concrete production. The fibers measuring 2, 4, and 6 cm were utilized using dosages of 0.5, 1, and 1.5% by mass of cement. The natural aggregate which is a bya -a product of the Precambrian deposits of the Bida trough was utilized as coarse aggregate. Iron moulds measuring 150 x 150 x 150mm were used for concrete production and were demoulded after 24 hours and cured. The optimum 28-day compressive strength of 27.19 N/mm2 was recorded with a 4 cm fiber length and 0.5% fiber content. This represented a 36.36% gain in the 28-day compressive strength of the concrete when compared to the control.Item Models to Predict the Fresh and Hardened Properties of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete(Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2022-01-12) Kolo, D. N.; Tsado, T. Y.; Abbas, B. A.; Adamu, H. N.Concrete is an assemblage of Cement, aggregates and water, the most frequently used fine aggregate for concrete production is sand sourced from river banks. The continuous exploitation of available granite conventionally used as coarse aggregate in concrete production coupled with rapid infrastructural development has resulted in its scarcity and often high cost. The suitability of utilising Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete production was examined in this paper. Preliminary tests were conducted on all aggregates to determine their suitability for concrete production. Concrete with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% PKS-coarse aggregate content was cast with a mix ratio of 1:2:4. The freshly prepared Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC) was cast in moulds measuring 150 x 150 x 150mm and cured using ponding method. The Compressive strength result shows that an increase in the PKS content results in a decrease in compressive strength of concrete. Linear regression models for the slump and compressive strength of the PKSC were developed and found to be sufficient in predicting the compressive strengths with R2 values of 96% and 92 % respectively.