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Item MODAL ANALYSIS OF BARIKIN SALEH BRIDGE DECK USING FINITE ELEMENT SOFTWARE SIMULATION METHOD(3RD INTERNATIONAL CIVIL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (ICEC, 2024), 2025-02-28) O.O. Rasaq; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; D.N. Kolo; H.S. AbdulrahmanThe increase in traffic along Barikin Saleh area of Minna Niger State calls for the analysis of the bridge deck due to the increasing and fluctuating traffic volume. In this paper, the modal analysis of the Barikin Saleh bridge deck based on finite element software simulation method was studied. The simulation was carried out to determine natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of the bridge deck using ANSYS workbench software. The parameters of the bridge used in the simulation were Length,16m; Width, 10.75m; Second moment of inertia I, 4.16m4; Area A, .56m2; Young’s modulus E, 35300MPa; Density p, 2600 kg/m3, and Concrete Grade G, 50MPa. Based on the simulation output, the bridge exhibited six (6) clear mode shapes and corresponding natural frequencies of 20.299Hz,20.436Hz, 22.875Hz, 25.087Hz, 30.003Hz, and 35.205Hz. The highest natural frequency for the bridge was 35.205Hz, at the bridge deck mid-span. The implication of this is that the lifespan of the bridge might be reduced due to fatigue damage that can occur as a result of repeated loading and unloading of the bridge deck at this frequency. The findings from this study provide valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of Barikin Saleh bridge deck, which can be useful for its maintenance, repair and retrofitting.Item Effect of Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Crumb Rubber in Concrete Made with Bida Gravel(4th International Engineering Conference (IEC 2022), 2023-10-22) Mohammed T. A.; Abbas B. A; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Oritola S. F.The availability of sand at cheap rates for use as fine aggregate in concrete production is ever becoming unfeasible and this, in addition to environmental sustainability, places a huge need to search for an alternative source of fine aggregate materials. Crumb rubber made from waste automobile tires, can be used to complement sand as fine aggregate in concrete production. This study seeks to investigate the effect of partially replacing fine aggregate with crumb rubber in concrete made with Bida natural stones. Crumb rubber gotten from waste automobile tires was used to replace fine aggregate in the concrete at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The particle size distribution, workability, and compressive strength of these concrete specimens were extensively studied. Curing was done for the period of 7, 14, and 21 days. A mix ratio of 1: 1.65: 2.42 was used for cement content, fine aggregates, and Bida natural stones, respectively, at a water-to-cement ratio of 0.45. Results from the workability test performed showed that a higher percentage replacement of crumb rubber gives a corresponding decrease in the workability of the concrete. In addition, the results obtained from each concrete mix for all cases of curing ages revealed that flexural and compressive strengths decrease with an increasing percentage replacement of crumb rubber in the concrete mix. The flexural strength of the concrete mix was observed to be 6.08N/mm2 at 5% crumb rubber replacement. While at 25% crumb rubber replacement, a flexural strength of 3.08N/mm2 was observed. Similarly, the compressive strength of the concrete mix at 5% crumb rubber replacement was noticed to be 20.88N/mm2 and 11.89N/mm2 at 25% crumb rubber replacement. This implies that concrete made using crumb rubber as a partial replacement for fine aggregate can be used for structural applications such as in the construction of reinforced concrete slabs, beams, columns, and foundations where high strength is not required.Item APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PREDICTING THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING NATURAL AGGREGATE(2nd Annual Seminar of The Nigerian Society of Engineers Bida Branch:, 2023-10-05) Okafor A.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Abbas B. A.; Kolo D. N.; Adelasoye J.This seminar presentation explored the application of various artificial intelligence techniques such as Artificial Neural network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) for predicting the compressive strength of concrete using natural aggregates. Twenty-seven different experimental data points which was augmented to 180 data points was used in the study. The ANN, ANFIS and MLR models were developed, trained, tested and validated with the augmented data using MATLAB software. Statistical evaluators like the R2, MSE and the RMSE was used to evaluate the algorithm with the strongest predictive capability. The results obtained from the analysis revealed distinct performance variations among the three AI models studied. Both the ANN and ANFIS models consistently demonstrated superior predictive capabilities compared to the MLR model. The ANN gave R2 of 1, MSE of 8.66e-26 and RMSE 2.94e-13, the ANFIS gave R2 values of 1, MSE of 0.00033 and RMSE of 0.0183 while the MLR reported R2 values of 0.1243, MSE of 85.93 and RMSE of 9.27. The ANN model was adjudged to be the best prediction model for concrete containing natural aggregate based on the performance metrics.Item DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS FOR PREDICTING CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO OF LATERITIC SOIL USING SELECTED SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES(3rd International Conference on Artificial intelligence and Robotics, 2023-05-10) F.E Eze; T.E Adejumo; A A. Amadi; YUSUF, AbdulazeezModels for predicting the California bearing ratio values of lateritic soil was developed using soft computing techniques. Soft computing techniques are algorithm which find provably correct and optimal solutions to problem. The Soaked CBR values used in pavement design takes about 96 hours to complete the test process. This can be time-consuming and expensive, Hence the need for researches to seek for alternate means of obtaining it. Several researchers have employed the use of Artificial Neural network (ANN), Gene expression programming (GEP), Support Vector machine (SVM) and Deep neural network (DNN) to predict CBR values, these models have inherent limitations such as sensitivity to hyper-parameters, limited flexibility and lack of interpretability. This study proposes a new model to address this challenge, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and its hybrid (ANFIS) were considered. Soil samples were collected from a burrow pit and required tests were conducted on the collected soil samples, Tests carried out are index, compaction and California bearing ratio. The experimental result data was augmented from data gotten from previous research work (unpublished) in same study area. The result gotten was used for training the models. 70% of the data was used for training and the remaining for the validation of the models. Two different models were developed and the performance of each model was measured by the coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Root mean square Error (RMSE). Upon analyzing the result, the both models ANN and ANFIS demonstrated high accuracies but ANFIS model gave a higher predictive accuracy of 0.98 as R2, RMSE of 0.11 and MSE of 0.33. ANFIS Model demonstrated exceptional accuracy and precision in capturing complex relationships within the data and hence should be adopted in the prediction of CBR values of lateritic soil.Item Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement with Cow Dung Ash Using Bida Natural Coarse Aggregate(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, 0022-10-05) Abbas, B. A.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Kolo, D. N; Aboje, A. A.; Mahmud, M.B.; Ndaiji, A. U.The research investigates the effect of partial replacement of cement with cow dung ash (CDA) in concrete production using Bida natural coarse aggregate. Water to cement ratio and mix ratio of 0.6 and 1:2:4 was adopted respectively. The aggregates used were characterized and the cow dung was calcined at a temperature between 400-500oC. Concrete was produced using CDA as cement replacement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%. Slump of the freshly produced concrete was determined and the compressive strength of the hardened concrete was determined at 7, 21 and 28 days of curing. The sum of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 in CDA exceeds the 70% minimum specified by ASTMC 618-12. The slump of the fresh concrete ranges from 0 – 40 mm while the compressive strength at 28 days curing duration ranges from 12.59N/mm2 19.29N/mm2 and density was 2323.95kg/m3– 2554.59kg/m3 respectively. The test results revealed that the compressive strength decrease with increase in CDA content and increase with curing age. The strength results indicate that there was no much significant difference between the control specimen with 0% CDA and that containing 5% CDA. This implies that concrete made using CDA as partial replacement for cement can be used for structural applications such as in the construction of reinforced concrete slabs, beams, columns and foundations. The study concluded that CDA has pozzolanic properties and can be used to replace up to 10% cement in concrete produced using Bida natural coarse aggregate.Item Effectiveness of Locust Bean Epicarp Extract on Re-vibrated Concrete Using Pebbles from Bida Environs as Coarse Aggregate(Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2024-09-22) Abbas Bala Alhaji; Mohammed Tahir Abdul; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Kolo Daniel Ndakuta; Abubakar Mahmud; Abdullahi AliyuPurpose: In this research, the effect of re-vibrated concrete using locust bean epicarp extract and Bida natural stone (Pebbles) as coarse aggregate was presented. Design/Methodology/Approach: The concrete mix of 1:2:4 and water cement ratio of 0.5 was adopted respectively. One hundred and sixty-eight (168) concrete cubes were produced in six (6) batches, 28 cubes were produced for control (mix A = 0% LBEE + 100% OPC) and 28 for (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) cement reduction respectively. Findings: The results of preliminary test of the aggregates indicate that they are suitable for concrete production and the chemical analysis of LBEE showed that it is a very good pozzolana. Concrete cubes were cast with re vibration time lag intervals of 10 min for the period of 60 min re-vibration process and cured for 7 and 28 days. The result shows that introduction of LBEE improve the compressive strength of concrete. The result obtained also shows that there is increase in compressive strength with the increase in re-vibration time lag of LBEE concrete, hence the maximum compressive strength was obtained at 60 min for all batches. The maximum compressive strength obtained at 28 days curing was 35.70 N/mm2 for B (0% cement reduction) at 60% re-vibration which is higher than 34.0 N/mm2 for control mix A. The optimum cement reduction of concrete made incor porating LBEE without re-vibration and the one with re-vibration is 5% and 20% respectively. Practical Implications: This types of concrete can be used for struc tural application such as in the construction of reinforced concrete slabs, beams, columns and foundations. Social Implications: In order to provide adequate housing for over increasing population of people in Bida and Environs the use of Locust Bean Epicarp Extract on Re-vibrated Concrete Using Pebbles from Bida as coarse aggre gate should be encouraged by individuals and government at all levels. This will also lead to reduction in construction cost of houses in Nigeria and create employment to the rural dwellers where locust bean trees are grown. Originality and Value:This study contributed to the pool of knowledge on how Locust Bean Epicarp Extract and concrete Re-vibration has improved the strength of concrete. Thus 20% and 5% is recommended as the optimum cement reduction of concrete made incorporating LBEE with re-vibration and the one without re-vibration respectively.Item PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE WITH WASTE GLASS IN CONCRETE MADE FROM BIDA NATURAL AGGREGATE(3rd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2019), 2019-09-22) Alhaji B.; Kolo, D. N.; Abubakar M.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Abdullahi, A.; Shehu, M.This study reports the experimental investigation on the suitability of waste glass as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete made using Bida natural aggregates (BNA). Glass is widely used in our daily lives through manufactured products such as sheet glass, bottles, glassware, and vacuum tubing. It is an ideal material for recycling. The increasing awareness of glass recycling speeds up inspections on the use of waste glass with different forms in various fields. Mix ratio of 1:2:4 batched by weight with water – cement ratio of 0.55 was used. The percentage replacement varied from 0% to 40% at 5% intervals. Slump test was conducted to assess the workability of the fresh concrete. The compressive strengths and densities of cured concrete cubes of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were evaluated at 7, 21 and 28days. A total of 81 concrete cubes were cast and tested. It was observed that an increase in the percentage replacement of fine aggregate with waste glass reduces workability, density and compressive strength. The compressive strength and density vary with days of curing. The findings of this study indicated that the optimum replacement percentage of waste glass with conventional fine aggregate was 20%. However waste glass can effectively be used as fine aggregate replacement (up to 40%) without substantial change in concrete strength.Item EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE WITH SAWDUST IN LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE PRODUCTION USING BIDA NATURAL STONE AS COARSE AGGREGATE(3rd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2019), 2019-09-22) Alhaji B; Abubakar M.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Oritola S. F; Mohammed S; Kolo D. NThis study investigated the effect of sawdust as partial replacement for Fine Aggregate in light weight concrete production. Sawdust was used to replace Fine Aggregate from 0% to 40% in steps of 5%. 150 x 150 x 150mm concrete cubes were cast for each replacement level, the concrete was cured and the compressive strengths were determined at 7, 21 and 28days curing period respectively. Increase in percentage of sawdust in concrete led to a constant reduction in the compressive strength values with a corresponding reduction in weight. From the result obtained, 5% replacement of Fine Aggregate with sawdust gave a maximum compressive strength 13.11 N/mm2. It was however concluded that the optimum replacement level of 5% can be used as plain concrete for blinding works.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE HYGROTHERMAL PROPERTIES OF MORTAR USING QUARRY DUST(1st International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC 2018), 2018-09-22) Okafor A.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Abdullahi A.Assessment of the hygrothermal properties of mortar using quarry dust as fine aggregate was studied. The material used include Ordinary Portland Cement, water and quarry dust. Preliminary test such as particle size distribution, bulk density, moisture content and specific gravity were conducted on the aggregate in accordance to BS EN 1097:6. The mortar was prepared using a mix ratio of 1.4 and cured for 28 days. Water absorption, porosity and sorptivity test were the properties measured. Fineness modulus of 2.94, specific gravity of 2.42 and water absorption of 1.4% was recorded. The porosity and sorptivity were within the limit set by standard but the water absorption capacity was slightly higher that the limit specified. The study concluded that quarry dust can be used in the production of structural mortar.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPERTIES OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE MADE USING QUARRY DUST AS FINE AGGREGATE(2018-09-22) Mohammed T.A.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Abdullahi A.The study was carried out to assess the properties of High-strength concrete made using Quarry dust as Fine aggregate. Preliminary tests were carried out on the aggregates to determine their suitability for use in High- strength concrete. The aggregates were well graded and other properties met the requirements of aggregates to be used for High-strength concrete. Superplasticizer and Rice husk were used as chemical and mineral additives to improve the workability and other properties of the concrete. Based on the properties of the aggregates, a mix ratio of 0.23:0.51:0.044:1.05:0.7:0.2, representing cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate: superplasticizer: water: rice husk was used. Concrete cubes of 100x100x100 mm were cast, cured and the 28-day compressive strength determined. An average 28-day compressive strength of 63 N/mm2 was obtained. This can be categorized as class I high strength concrete and is applicable in the construction of high rise buildings. The Study therefore concludes that quarry dust can be used as total replacement for fine river sand in high strength concrete production.