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Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement with Cow Dung Ash Using Bida Natural Coarse Aggregate
(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, 0022-10-05) Abbas, B. A.; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Kolo, D. N; Aboje, A. A.; Mahmud, M.B.; Ndaiji, A. U.
The research investigates the effect of partial replacement of cement with cow dung ash (CDA) in concrete production using Bida natural coarse aggregate. Water to cement ratio and mix ratio of 0.6 and 1:2:4 was adopted respectively. The aggregates used were characterized and the cow dung was calcined at a temperature between 400-500oC. Concrete was produced using CDA as cement replacement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%. Slump of the freshly produced concrete was determined and the compressive strength of the hardened concrete was determined at 7, 21 and 28 days of curing. The sum of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 in CDA exceeds the 70% minimum specified by ASTMC 618-12. The slump of the fresh concrete ranges from 0 – 40 mm while the compressive strength at 28 days curing duration ranges from 12.59N/mm2 19.29N/mm2 and density was 2323.95kg/m3– 2554.59kg/m3 respectively. The test results revealed that the compressive strength decrease with increase in CDA content and increase with curing age. The strength results indicate that there was no much significant difference between the control specimen with 0% CDA and that containing 5% CDA. This implies that concrete made using CDA as partial replacement for cement can be used for structural applications such as in the construction of reinforced concrete slabs, beams, columns and foundations. The study concluded that CDA has pozzolanic properties and can be used to replace up to 10% cement in concrete produced using Bida natural coarse aggregate.
Generation of Random Numbers for Data Security Applications
(7th Annual Engineering Conference, 2006-06-28) Usman A.U; Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga
In this age of Electronic connectivity, the issue of data security is becoming more and more of great concern. The growth in computer systems and their interconnections via networks has increased the dependence of several organizations and individuals on information stored and communicated using these systems. Hence, there is need for data and resources to be well protected to guarantee its authenticity and to protect systems from network-based attacks. Cryptography and network security have matured, leading to the development of practical, readily available applications to enforce network security. This work covered a review of the concept of randomness with the stringent randomness requirement in data security systems giving particular attention to the Blum-Blum-Shub random number generator.
Property Tax as a Tool for Effective and Sustainable Development (A Case Study of Minna Metropolis)
(The Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers, Niger State Branch, 2008) Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde; Adeogun Adekunle Sunday
The property tax is an important source of revenue for state and local governments. On average, property taxes account for about 75% of state and local government tax revenues in the Unites States. These revenues are used to fund education, police and fire protection and other government services (Charles T. Floyd and Marcus, T. Allen, 2005). In a research conducted in Minna East and Bosso Local Government Area of Niger State, out of 150 people sampled about 35 people are aware of property rating which is a reliable source of local government finance. The remaining 115 people are ignorant of what property rating is all about. Also, at the State Inland Revenue office in Minna, only few property based taxes are in operation and collectible by this state constituted authority. The reason for this could be attributed to political, socio and economic problems associated with tax administration in the state. This paper emphasized the need to engage the services of estate surveyors and valuers as well as State Inland Revenue offices in our rating departments comprehensive enabling Edict, vigorous enlightenment campaigns, placing checks on multiplicity of rates and judicious use of tax should be juxtaposed with the provision of amenities and infrastructures among others. The paper concludes that, political will on the part of our government will in no small measure address the identified problems associated with property tax administration in the state.
Factors affecting loan acquisition among small-scale farmers in Otukpo Local Government area of Benue State, Nigeria.
(2008) Nmadu, J. N., Egwa, E. P. O., & Ogaji, A.
This study investigated the factors affecting loan acquisition among farmers in Otukpo LGA of Benue State of Nigeria. Primary data collected directly from the farmers were utilised in this study and analysed using descriptive statistics and probit analysis. The findings indicate that the loan collected during the 2006/2007 farming season was significantly lower (1000 times lower) that the amount of money spent on family obligations. This brings to the front burner the issue of food security and income stability of the small scale farmers. It has been discovered that many small scale farmers tend to sell off their farm produce when prices are low in order to repay social-obligated loans and also meet up some social obligations. Among the explanatory variables, interest rate charged and collateral given positively influenced loan acquisition while response to loan conditions impacted negatively on it. This findings indicates that farmers are favourable disposed towards taken loan with interest and given of collateral and this is contrary to what many researchers have tended to postulate.
Development of Mathematical Model for the Assessment of Hydrogen Sulphide Pollutant in the Air
(Journal of Research in Engineering (JRIE), 2008) Olutoye, M. A.; Eterigho, Elizabeth Jumoke
This work is aimed at developing a mathematical model to determine the concentration of Hydrogen Sulphide pollutant in air from the gas flare of a refinery. To achieve this, experimental data on concentration of Hydrogen Sulphide from Kaduna refinery and petrochemical company Nigeria were collected and the dispersion model was developed based on Gaussian distribution principle. The simulation of the model was carried out using visual basic programming. It was observed from the simulated result that the gas dispersion model developed for Hydrogen Sulphide showed a remarkable agreement with the dispersion pattern, and agrees with the experimental results with a correlation co efficient of 0.98. Thus, the model can be used to determine the safe distance for human habitation from an industrial area and the refinery in particular.
Analysis of credit utilization behavior of small scale business farmers in Bosso Local Government Area of Niger State
(Continental Journal of Agricultural Science, 2009) 13. Otitolaiye, J.O., Ogaji A., Ajayi, O.J. and Emesilowa, A.M.
This study analyses the credit utilization behavior of small scale farmers n Bosso Local Government Area of Niger state. The main objectives of the study include the identification of the various formal and informal sources of credit, pattern of their utilization by farmers as well as the examination of the effect of c*-I. allocation on the value of output. Primary data used for the study were obtain using structured questionnaire administered to 60 purposively Selected farmers. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Result shows that most of the farmers (95.0%) were married and ownership of farmland was mainly through inheritance. Results of the regression analysis gave R2 value of 0.684. This indicates that 68.4% of the variation in Y (value of output) was explained by the independent variables (Xi - X5) include in the model. Three (3} out of the five (5) variables in the model were found to be statistically significant in explaining total value of output. This include X3 (amount allocated to other inputs), X4 (amount allocated to equipment) and X5 (amount allocated to land). High interest rate, inadequate credit and late arrival of credit were identified by the farmers, as some of the constraints encountered in accessing credit. It was however, recommended that timelines of loan disbursement will reduce its diversion to other non farm uses. Interest rates charged by banks should be reduced to enable farmers' access it profltably.
Assessment of Time Budgeting and Activity Pattern of Rural Women in Rural Development and Planning. Case study of Rafi Local Government area, Niger State
(Ilorin Journal of Business and Social Sciences.Faculty of Business and Social Science, University of Ilorin, 2009) Haruna Danladi Musa; Solomon N. Jiya
A balanced participation of both genders results in a more comprehensive approach to issues of development. Indeed, their living conditions are more widely taken into account, thus leading to improved measures and their enhanced acceptance of rural development decisions. Decision-making has to be comprised of both men and women in a proportion, if the decisions made is to be valid. Women are the most threatened by the dangers that stem from global warming, war, disaster, etc. Therefore, defending the full range of women's human rights within the context of gender equality in addressing issues of spatial development is essential both to protecting women themselves and to cultivating their capacity for leadership, which so many lives depend on. Using questionnaire technique, 150 women from 10 district heads of Rafi Local government area of Niger state were interacted with to elicit information on the relationship between time budgeting and activity pattern of rural women in rural development and planning. The questionnaire probed into the background of each woman, such as age, educational qualification, occupation, monthly income and average percentage of income spent on family expenses. The study revealed that rural income is generally low because of the low level of social and economic activities. In a community where there is no supply of electricity and water, and the roads are almost impassable, it would be impossible for any meaningful economic activity to operate. Policy on the planning of the area should include the provision of social facilities and the establishment of industries capable of, among others, processing farm products.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN KATCHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGER STATE
(Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economist, 2010) Yisa, E. S., A. Ogaji, O. J. Ajayi, Yusuf, T. L. and Shaffi, A.
The study examined the assessment of the effect of agricultural productivity in rural household food security in Katcha local government area of Niger state, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of rural household, examine the effect of socio-economic variables on household food security status of the respondents and to identify the constraints affecting agricultural output and food security. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used. A survey conducted using 108 randomly selected respondents revealed that about 54.9% of the respondents have an average household size and about 77.8% of the respondents spends 60% of their total income on purchasing food items for their household and about 58.3% of the respondents use their personal farm produce both for household consumption and sales up to 56.4% of the respondents indicated that they are in dire need of more food. 42.7% of the .total variation in food security index was explained by the regression model while the remaining 57.3% of the variation was accounted for by the exogenous factors. Major problems faced by the rural household include inadequate capital, lack of good road network, marketing of farm produce and insufficient or excessive rainfall. Social infrastructures should be provided and fanners should be given concession in disbursement of loans from financial institutions.
Efficiency of labour and fertilizer use in sugarcane production by small-holder farmer in Gbako Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria.
(2010) Yisa, E. S., Ogaji, A., Ajayi, O. J., & Hamza, T.
This study examined efficiency of labour and fertilizer usage in sugarcane production by small holder farmers in Gbako Local Government Area of Niger State. Primary data was collected from 110 randomly selected farmers using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools, the gross margin analysis, multiple regression analysis and resource use efficiency ratio. The result shows that 10.9% of the sampled farmers fall below 30 years of age and 96.3% are married, 40% of the farmers had Quranic education. About 90.9% of the sample farmers had over 30 years of faming experience. 68.1% of the sample farmers had farming as their primary occupation. The predominant system of land tenure in the area is by inheritance. The estimated gross income gives an average value of 87,550 per annum while the net farm income was estimated at 50,500 respectively. The production function analysis show that seedling (X2) and agrochemical (X5) were significant factors influencing the output of sugarcane production at 1% and 5% level of probability respectively. The efficiency ratio (r) indicates that farm size was underutilized while fertilizer and labour were over utilized. The major problems facing farmers include high cost of transportation, price fluctuation, Farm input, Input Incentives and Lack of adequate modern facilities.
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF WESTERN PART OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, GIDAN KWANO CAMPUS, MINNA, NIGER STATE, USING ELECTRICAL AND SEISMIC REFRACTION METHODS
(Natural and Applied Sciences Journal, 2010) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, Salako, K .A., Abdulrashid, U.A; Rafiu, A.A., Ofor, N.P., Alhassan D.U. and Jonah S.A.
A geophysical survey of western part of Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano Campus, Minna, was carried out using Electrical Resistivity (VES) and Seismic refraction methods. The aim of this survey was to determine the ground water potentials of the area and to also locate those areas that could be useful for civil engineering purposes. Careful interpretation of the seismic data obtained shows two geologic sections within the survey area. The first layer has an average seismic velocity value of 1237.86 ms-1 . The second layer is the refractor layer whose seismic velocity average is 4581.67 ms-1 and has an average depth of 4.74m. The results obtained from the electrical resistivity method also shows that the survey area consists of three geoelectric/geologic layers. The first layer has resistivity values between 20m and 200m, which represents topsoil the second layer has resistivity value ranging from 200m to about 900m and typifies weathered and fractured basement. The fresh basement forms the third layer with resistivity value above 1000m. The results obtained from both methods shows that the area appropriate for ground water development were found in the north-east and north-central portion of the survey area with aquifer systems of 100m in width and depth between 3.8m and 25m. Similarly the site most appropriate for civil engineering purpose could be located at the southern part of the survey area where the fresh basement is shallow.
Measuring Inequality of Public Health Facility Provision in Bida Town, Niger State.
(Centre for Human Settlement and Urban Development journal, 2010) Musa, Haruna D.; Gana, F. N
The capacity of an urban enter to efficiently deliver its service is related to the availability, adequacy and efficiency of operation of its urban public infrastructure. Public health facilitates are therefore the fundamental necessities of any community ( urban or rural ), because the health of people has a direct correlation with the productive capacity and labour efficiency. Urban facilities include all the supportive service required to maintain the urban system. They may be conceived of as a medium of objects by which various urban services are delivered. The effective provision and efficient functioning vis a vis the population is an indication of general level of equality in life and entire environment; that’s the provision on facilities has to be in consonance with the population or demand such as family. This paper therefore, assesses the adequacy of public health facilities in Bida town using Gini coefficient. Attempt was made also to identify the existing health facilities in the study area; their types; location and distribution. The Gini coefficient (G) is one of the commonly most used indicators for measuring distribution. It is traditionally applied to the measurement of income inequality, but has also been applied to measure land inequality. The value of G ranges from 0-100 signifying that , the higher the G-value the greater the degree of inequality. The result reveals that distribution of public health facilitates in Bida town are not guided by population distribution in the wards. The inequality level was assessed using Lorenz Curve; it is observed that about 50% of the public health facilitates and quite a number of the inhabitants have no adequate access to these facilities. The field survey analysis however, reveals that the degree of inequality of public health facilitates provision and level of town minimal / low (gini coefficient (G)=42.8). the assessment of the adequacy of health facilities provision and level of patronages were also measured based on the field survey result using structured questionnaires. Total of 140 questionnaires were administered using systematic random sampling techniques. In this case, houses in the selected wards were chosen randomly to represent the entire houses in the area. 10 questionnaires each were assigned to 14 specified wards covering the entire Bida town. Therefore, the study analysis is based on 140 surveys questionnaires processed representing 100.0% response rate. The result shows that public health facilities service in Bida town is adequate 86(61.4%) and the level of patronage is determined by their cost of service (47%), nearness to homes (17%), and existing equipment (15%). It therefore, recommends that the government and other stakeholders or sponsoring agencies must ensure that all health institutions provide high quality services.
Modelling Urban Sprawl along Minna Western Bye-Pass Using Remotely Sensed Data.
(Maiduguri Journal of Art and Social Sciences (MAJASS), 2010) Bala Banki M.; Musa, Haruna D.
Many state capitals today in Nigeria are witnessing unprecedented populations growth and increasing rate of urbanization that are deficient in indispensable infrastructural facilities’, urban planners who are meant to have the knowledge of future urban growth and the multi-dimensional factors which has hitherto influence the growth of towns and cities are unaware of them because of the inefficiency of the traditional surveying method. In view of this prevailing scenario in Nigeria, this paper presents the Capability of using Remote Sensing GIS and spatial statistics in modeling urban sprawl along Minna Western Bye-pass. Data for the study were obtained through questionnaires and satellite imagery. The analysis of the field survey revealed that low price of land, lack f basic utility facilities in the area, low level of awareness of development control and low level of education of inhabitants were the major causal factors of sprawl in these areas. The analysis of the time series spatial data such GIS, SPOT HR image acquired in 1993 and Landsat ETM image acquired in 2007 shows that low density sprawl/ and ribbon sprawl patterns are the patterns identifiable and synonymous to this areas, comparison of data set for the two dates also revealed a change of 191,40 acres (77, 4571.14 sq. m.), representing 59% total landuse change over the same period, where the population grew by 111.61%, Spatial regression analysis was carried out to model the extent of sprawl in the area First, a simple linear regression analysis conducted using key factors identified (independent variables) and percentage of built-SOM up (POBUILT) for each area along the Bye-Pass (dependent variable) and results s how’s that the percentage of those who relocated because of low in price of land in the study area (LOPLAND) and percentage of migrant in search for white-collar job (COLLARJOB) contribute more to the explanator power of the model. Multiple regression analysis was finally done by regressing LOPLAND, population of year 200)7 / Independent variable and POBUILT, dependent variable. to fashion out an equation that can forecast future sprawl, and it was established that built-up area for 2021 will be 3,888,23acres, which reveals excessive future spatial development along the bve- pass.
Performance Analysis of Statistical Time Division Multiplexing Systems
(Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, 2010-01) Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga; Yinusa Ademola Adediran
Multiplexing is a way of accommodating many input sources of a low capacity over a high capacity outgoing channel. Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM) is a technique that allows the number of users to be multiplexed over the channel more than the channel can afford. The STDM normally exploits unused time slots by the non-active users and allocates those slots for the active users. Therefore STDM is appropriate for bursty sources. In this way STDM normally utilizes channel bandwidth better than traditional Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). In this work, the statistical multiplexer is viewed as M/M/1queuing system and the performance is measured by comparing analytical results to simulation results using Matlab. The index used to determine the performance of the statistical multiplexer is the number of packets both in the system and the queue. Comparison of analytical results was also done between M/M/1 and M/M/2 and also between M/M/1 and M/D/1 queue systems. At high utilizations, M/M/2 performs better than M/M/1. M/D/1 also outperforms M/M1.
Gender Analysis of Allocative Efficiency in Small Scale Maize Production in Kogi State, Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Rural Extension and Development, 2010-07) Ojo, M.A., Olaleye, R.S., Ojo, A.O., Tsado, J.H. and Ogaji, A.
The study examined gender analysis of allocative efficiency in small scale maize production in Kogi State, Nigeria. The primary data for the study were obtained using structured questionnaire administered to one hundred randomly sampled male and female maize farmers from two Local Government Areas. Descriptive statistics, gross margin, net farm income, gross ratio, operation ratio, return on capital investment and production function using regression model were used to analyze the data. The study showed that female farmers were more profitable and efficient in maize production than their male counterpart with operating ratio, gross ratio return on capital investment of 0.23. 0.30 and 3.36 respectively. The result from the production function analysis revealed that the R2 value for men were 54.9% while that of women were 57.1%. Variable inputs such as farm size, seed and fertilizer were found to be significant at 1%, 5% and 5% level of probability respectively for male farmers while seed, fertilizer and agrochemical were found to be significant at 5% and labour at 10% level of probability for female farmers. Elasticity of production (return to scale) for both male and female farmers showed an increasing return to scale and that maize production was in stage I of the production region in the study area. Estimated efficiency ratio (r) shows that the resources used were not efficiently utilized. It is recommended that the present level of allocative efficiency of maize production in the study area should be increased by using more of these productive resources. Farmers should also be encouraged to take into the advice of the adequately trained extension advisers on improved techniques of maize production such that there will be increase in yield per hectare.
Catalytic Cracking of Tryglyceride by Sulphated Zirconia for Fatty Aciud Methyl Ester with High Selectivity
(American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) Annaul Conference meeting, Minneapolis, MN, United State, 2010-07-21) Eterigho, Elizabeth Jumoke; Lee, Jon G. M.; Harvey, Adam P.
Conventional wet-precipitation method was used to synthesis sulphated zirconia using two different molar ratios of sulphating agents. (1) the first was using a molar ratio of 1: 45 of ZrOCl2.8H20 impregnated with 1 M H2SO4, (wp) and (2) a molar ratio of 1: 6 was used for the modified conventional wet-precipitation method, (wp). The properties of both catalysts were examined by various techniques: EDX, XPS, FTIR, SEM, XRDP, Py-DRIFTS and BET nitrogen adsorption techniques. The variation in the molar ratio of the sulphating agent used during preparation led to sulphated zirconia that exhibited different properties in terms of specific surface areas, acid sites, thermal stability and surface sulphate. Both catalysts were catalytically active for triglycerides cracking for fatty acid methyl esters in a thermocatalytic reaction. The SZ not only exhibited higher conversion of triglycerides but higher FAMEs yield, approximately 50% after 3 h, as compared to SZ2 (39%). Interestingly, SZ1 was selective towards unsaturated esters whereas SZ2 was towards saturated esters.
Perceived relevance of improved rice production technologies in Katcha Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology, 2010-12) Ojo, M.A., Osadumo. D., Olaleye, R.S., Ojo, A.O., Tsado, R.H., and Ogaji, A.
This study examines perceived relevance of improved rice production technologies in Katcha Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used in collecting data from 90 rice farmers who were randomly selected from the study area. Data on the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, their awareness and perception of the improved rice technologies as well as yield before and after adopting the improved technologies were obtained. Descriptive statistics and T-test were used for statistical analysis. The findings indicated that majority (83.1%) of the farmers were male with mean age of 41years. The mean household size was 8 people and also 46% had less than secondary school education. Awareness of the improved rice technology recorded 85.4% for sawah practices, 69.7% for fadama, 94.4% for improved seed variety (nerica), 80.9% for plough, 62.9 for power tiller and 73.0% for planter. Improved seed variety and land evaluation technology were highly perceived to be relevant by the respondents in the study area. There was a significant difference between the output before and after adopting the improved technologies (t-value=-3142). The study recommended that extension agents should encourage farmers on the use of farm machinery and equipment, agrochemicals and land evaluation technologies to further boost rice production and that there should be adequate awareness creation for improved rice production technologies by extension agents and relevant stakeholders with a view to improving rice production through adoption of proven technologies.
A TWO POINT BLOCK HYBRID METHOD FOR SOLVING STIFF INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS
(JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, 2011) Muhammad R
In this paper, a self starting hybrid method of order (3, 3,3) is proposed for the solution of stiff initial value problem of the form y' = f(x.y). The continous formation of the integrator enables us to differentiate and evaluate at grid and off grid points. The schemes compared favourably with exact results and results from Okunuga (2008)
Diurnal and annual cycles of surface refractivity and related parameters in Minna, Central Nigeria
(The Nigerian Journal of Space Research, 2011) O. D. Oyedum, J. A. Ezenwora, K. C. Igwe, J. O. Eichie and A. S. Moses
Radio refractivity N exerts considerable influence on radio signals at VHF and higher frequency bands. In particular, surface refractivity correlates positively with radio field strengths, and knowledge of its temporal variability is important in predicting performance of terrestrial radio networks, especially at VHF and microwave frequencies. Knowledge of the variability of the atmospheric parameters from which N derives is also important for radio propagation and other applications such as Agriculture and Tourism. Measurement of atmospheric parameters is also necessary to update past records, especially in the light of climate change. Surface refractivity values derived from values of air pressure P, temperature T and relative humidity H measured for two consecutive years (2008-2009) in Minna (09037N, 06032E),Central Nigeria are statistically analysed to explore their diurnal and seasonal cycles, as well as their inter-relationships. The results reveal that surface refractivity and the related weather variables show clear diurnal and seasonal trends with discernible relationships. In particular, diurnal N values have high correlation with diurnal P values, while monthly averages of N and H are also highly correlated; and the hot weather generally experienced in the month of April in Minna may be attributed to a combination of high humidity and high temperature at surface level.
Effect of Transverse Relaxation Rate on Time-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(African Journal of Physical Science, 2011) S. I. Yusuf, Y.M. Aiyesimi and O. B. Awojoyogbe
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), developed from nuclear magnetic resonance involves a non-invasive medical approach towards studying the anatomy, physiology and pathology of human tissues. In this study, attempt is made at expressing mathematically the processes involved in MRI for diagnosis and possible treatment of diseases within the human body. A time-dependent second -order non-homogeneous linear differential equation from the Bloch (NMR) equation is evolved. The parameters in the equations are M_0, radio frequency rfB_1 f(x,t) field, gyromagnetic ratio of blood spin γ as well as T_1 and T_2 relaxation times. the solution obtained will be examined when the system is under an influence of a driving force, F_0 cos wt and γB_1 (t)=cos⁡wt is the radio frequency field. However, for the purpose of this study, only relaxation times are varied and analyzed for measurement of the signals in relation to its effect on human anatomy.
Development of a cost-friendly home-range TV transmitter to provide safe TV content to underage unsupervised Kids
(Engineering Conference, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, 2011) Michael Okwori; Oyewobi S. Stephen; M Saidu; U Abdulahi
The security of a nation is directly linked to the moral conduct of her citizens, and this is affected by the kind of upbringing such citizens received as kids. Direct access of kids to video players and satellite TV receivers can lead to unwholesome programs being watched by the Kids especially when they are unsupervised, which can lead to character degradation and deformation. As a solution to this problem, this work is aimed at restricting unsupervised access of underage persons to programs on these electronics devices. Therefore, a low cost home range TV transmitter with pre-select channel-transmit capability, and auto timed turn-on and turn-off was designed. The designed Transmitter powers a Video player or Satellite TV Decoder at a preset time and transmits pre-selected programs on a Video player or Satellite TV Decoder in a restricted region in the house to a Television Set in an unrestricted region in the House that kids have access to for a preset duration. The Transmitter was tested, and it powered the Decoder and transmitted pre-selected programme at the preset time and for the preset duration.