School of Life Sciences (SLS)

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School of Life Sciences (SLS)

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Author: search.filters.author.Abubakar A.

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    Effects of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate on Vegetative Traits of Selected Genotypes of Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.)
    (SPCBIC, Federal University of Technology Minna, 2021-10-25) Absullahi A.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Falusi O.A.; Abubakar A.; Audu M.A.I
    Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a multi-purpose legume crop widely cultivated in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). However, several species of groundnut suffer substantial yield losses as a result of narrow genetic base and insect-pest attack. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of EMS on morphological traits of four (4) groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes viz Samnut 24, Samnut 25, Samnut 26 and ICG4412. Field experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three (3) replicates. The seeds of the four (4) groundnut accessions were treated with various concentration of EMS (0.0 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 % and 0.4 %) for 6 hours, they were then removed and rinsed with distilled water to remove the trace of mutagen sticking to the seed coat. Data on vegetative parameters were collected following standard procedures. Results obtained showed that 0.1 % EMS concentration had the highest plant height (46.79 cm) at week 12 but was not significantly different from 0.3 % and 0.4 % concentrations (43.37 and 43.28 cm) respectively. The significantly least plant height at week 12 after planting was recorded at 0.2 % concentration (35.28 cm). No significant difference was observed among the varieties in terms of plant height. EMS concentration 0.1 % showed the significant highest number of leaves per plant at week 12 (297) while the least was recorded at 0.4 % concentration (177). Among the varieties, ICG 4412 had the significant highest number of leaves (289.20) at week 12 after planting and the least value was obtained in variety SAMNUT 26 (158.93). EMS concentration 0.1 % had the significant highest number of branches at maturity (13.25) while the least was recorded at 0.4 % EMS concentration (8.92). In terms of varietal performance, Samnut 26 had the significantly highest number of branches per plants (12.47), but was not significantly different from ICG 4412 (12.07). SAMNUT 25 was observed the have the significantly least number of branches per plant (9.13). The results obtained showed significant amount of variability in morphological parameters of the genotypes as a result of exposure to EMS which may essentially affect their productivity. This study revealed that EMS concentration 0.1 % Is the optimum concentration for inducing genetic variability in groundnut plant.
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    EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OFSIX UPLAND NIGERIA COTTON(GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUML.)GENOTYPES
    (Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2021-06-13) Dangana M.C.; Falusi O.A.; Adebola M.O.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Abubakar A.; Audu M.A.I
    This study was carried out to access the variation in morphological and yield parameters among six Nigeria cotton genotypes. A total of six genotypes of cotton; Samcot 8, Samcot 9, Samcot 10 Samcot 11, Samcot 12, and Samcot 13 were evaluated for plant height, number of branches, number of bolls per plant and boll size. Seeds of the six genotypes were raised to maturity in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five replicates and data were collected following standard procedures. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and results were considered significant at a significance level of 5 %. Results obtained showed significant variations in plant height with Samcot 13 having the highest plant height (106.10 ± 3.83cm) followed by Samcot 9 (103.00± 2.39 cm). The highest monopodialbranch was observed inSamcot 8 (21.40 ± 0.87) while the highest sympodialbranch was observed in Samcot 11 16.40 ± 0.86). Significant variations were observed in the number of bolls per plant and boll size with Samcot 9 having the highest number of bolls (31.30 ± 3.23) while the least was recorded in Samcot 12 (19.30 ± 3.03). Samcot 8 had the highest boll size (11.25 ± 0.25 cm) while Samcot 11 had the least boll size (9.60 ± 0.28 cm). Yield and yield attributes varied significantly, with different traits been favored by different genotypes. Samcot 9 had the highest weight of bolls (32.17 ± 5.49 g) while the least was observed in Samcot 8 (11.90 ± 1.27 g). Samcot 11 recorded the highest number of seeds per boll (30.68 ± 1.50 g) while the least was recorded in Samcot 9 (26.82 ± 2.49). Samcot 8 has the highest weight of lint per plant (13.66 ± 1.10 g) while the least was recorded in Samcot 13 (6.34 ± 0.89 g). The distinct features of some genotypes in plant height, number of sympodial branches, boll size and weight of lint compared to other genotypes is a good indication of existence of high genetic variability and genotypes with desired characteristicscould be selectedand incorporated into cotton improvement programmes.
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    Pollen Viability and Germinability of Gamma Irradiated M4 Lines of Sesame
    (NCRI Press, 2021-06-15) Audu M.A.I; Falusi O.A.; Muhammad M.L.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Abubakar A.
    Pollen viability and germinability are indispensable criteria in plant breeding programmes. This research evaluated eleven M4 mutant lines of gamma irradiated sesame (Sesamum indicum) for some pollen parameters. Seeds were obtained from the Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna and were raised to maturity alongside their respective checks in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Upper Niger River Basin Development Authority, Minna. Pollen viability and diameter were determined using standard procedure. The germinability test was done using three different sucrose concentrations (10 %, 20 % and 30 %) with 1 % nutrient agar solution. The results revealed that all the M4 mutant lines had adequate pollen viabilities (over 80%) with ML-10 having the highest (97.56 %) viability followed by ML-7 (95.61 %), ML-8 (95.01 %) and Check-2 (95.60 %). The highest pollen germinability was recorded at 20 % sucrose concentration for all the mutant lines with line ML-7 (39.70 %) having the highest percentage. Check-1 at 10 % sucrose concentration recorded the least percentage (11.46 %) across the concentration and treatments. Highest pollen diameter (169.52μm) was recorded in Check-1. Suboblate shapes with 10-13 colpi was observed in all the mutant lines and the checks. Pollens from all the lines comprised of circular and elliptic pollens except in ML-7 and the checks where the pollens were solely circular in polar view. The study revealed that gamma-irradiation could be a reasonable tool for inducing variability in sesame and advantageous in increasing the pollen viability.