School of Life Sciences (SLS)

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    Comparative Nutritional Compositions of Raw and Processed Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.)
    (International Journal of Applied Biological Research, 2018-12-04) Madaki, Mohammad Fatima; Kabiru, Yusuf Adamu; Muhammad, Lami Hadiza; Abubakar, Niwoye Asmau; Bello, Ahmad
    Cyperus esculentus L., commonly known as Tiger nut, is a crop of the sedge family found widespread across the world. Comparative nutritional compositions of raw and processed (dankuwa, tiger nut cake) tiger nuts were carried out according to the standard methods. Raw and processed tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.) was found to contain high fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate contents but low moisture content. The result of the proximate analysis revealed that the moisture contents of raw tiger nuts (9.67percent), crude fat (28.61percent) and crude fiber (24.94 percent) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than, those of the processed tiger nut; (7.86%), (25.53%) and (22.34%) respectively. However, the ash (3.00%), and carbohydrate (35.46%), contents of processed tiger nut was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the raw tiger nuts; (1.61 %) and (25.53 %) respectively. The Sodium (218.04mg/100g) and Calcium (0.65 mg/100g) contents of raw tiger nuts were significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared to Sodium (139.53mg/100g) and Calcium (0.00) contents of processed tiger nuts while the Potassium (38600.46 mg/100g), Iron (10.9), Copper (0.45mg/100g) and Zinc (7.85 mg/100g) contents of processed tiger nuts were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the raw tiger nuts (1225.50mg/100g), (6.15mg/100g), (0.40 mg/100g) and (4.10mg/100g) respectively. The vitamin C (103.5mg/100g) and vitamin A (0.38mg/100g) contents of raw tiger nut were significantly (p<0.05) higher to those, vitamin C (93.16 mg/100g) and vitamin A (0.16mg/100g) contents of processed tiger nut. It can be concluded from the results of this study that raw and processed (dankuwa) tiger nut contain appreciable amounts of micro and micronutrients which could be included in the daily dietary pattern of human. This will help to minimize the risk of nutritional deficiencies
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    Phytochemical and Proximate Analyses of Methanol Leaf Extract of Neem Azadirachta indica
    (European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2016-06-03) Madaki, Mohammad Fatima; Kabiru, Yusuf Adamu; Bakare-Odunola, Moji Taibat; Mailafiya, Simon Chindawa; Hamzah, Unekwu Rabiat; Janet Edward
    Aims: To determine the phytochemical content, proximate and mineral analysis of neem leaves. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Bosso Campus, Niger State. from March 2013 to July, 2013. Methodology: Reflux extraction was carried out using 70% methanol as extraction solvent standard analytical methods were used to determined the phytochemical content and AOAC official method was used to determined the proximate and mineral contents. Results: The result of the phytochemical screening of methanol leaf extract indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids, flavonoid, alkaloids, tannin, phenol, terpene, and reducing sugar while athraquinone and carbohydrate were absent.The proximate analysis of Neem leaves showed the following result; moisture% 9.50±0.24, ash content 2.81±0.21, protein% 1.58±0.34, fat% 2.07±0.35, fibre% 5.92±0.47, carbohydrate% 78.12±0.35, Vitamin A (mg/100 g) 180±0.10 and Vitamin C (mg/100 g) 287±6.22. The result of mineral analysis shows that neem leaves contains potassium 235.65±5.05, calcium 170.05±10.12, sodium 180.65±8.83 and phosphorus 39.34±3.25. Conclusion: It can be deduced from these results of this study that neem leaves contained appreciable amount of phytochemicals, nutrients and minerals that aid it medicinal properties.
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    EVALUATION OF GAMMA-RAY INDUCED MUTANT LINES OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) FOR PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SEED-OIL
    (Genetic Society of Nigeria, 2023-03-26) Idris Y.; Muhammad M.L.; Madaki F.M.; Abubakar I.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Audu M.A.I; Ahmed K.
    The physicochemical properties of sesame oil determine its application and also form the criteria for genetic improvement of the crop. Most of the released sesame varieties in Nigeria do not consider oil properties of the seed and where it is only oil quantity is used. This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of gamma-ray induced mutant M5 lines of sesame seed oil. The physicochemical parameters determined include the refractive index, free fatty acid, ester, glycerine, viscosity, iodine, peroxide, saponification, unsaponification and acid values. The results revealed M5 mutant lines displayed significant disparity in some of the parameters measured. The highest values in viscosity (10.00, 10.00), Saponification (219.49), Acid (3.14), ester (217.55) were from NCRIBEN-03L, 03L-250-G1-1; 01M-350-G1-2, 01M-350-G2-2-2 and 01M-350-G1-2 (217.55) respectively, while the least values for the respective parameters were from 03L-450-G2-2 (4.00); 04E-550-G1-3 (172.43); 04E-550G2-3 (0.4) and 04E-550-G1-3 (171.92). The study deduced that gamma-ray irradiation could be used as a tool for the improvement of seed oils. Oils from mutants (NCRIBEN-03L, 03L-250-G1-1; 01M-350G1-2, 01M-350-G2-2-2 and 01M-350-G1-2) have the potential to be used for cosmetic industry and Mutants (03L-450-G2-2; 04E-550-G2-3) for domestic and confectionery applications.
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    Effects of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate on Vegetative Traits of Selected Genotypes of Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.)
    (SPCBIC, Federal University of Technology Minna, 2021-10-25) Absullahi A.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Falusi O.A.; Abubakar A.; Audu M.A.I
    Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a multi-purpose legume crop widely cultivated in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). However, several species of groundnut suffer substantial yield losses as a result of narrow genetic base and insect-pest attack. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of EMS on morphological traits of four (4) groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes viz Samnut 24, Samnut 25, Samnut 26 and ICG4412. Field experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three (3) replicates. The seeds of the four (4) groundnut accessions were treated with various concentration of EMS (0.0 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 % and 0.4 %) for 6 hours, they were then removed and rinsed with distilled water to remove the trace of mutagen sticking to the seed coat. Data on vegetative parameters were collected following standard procedures. Results obtained showed that 0.1 % EMS concentration had the highest plant height (46.79 cm) at week 12 but was not significantly different from 0.3 % and 0.4 % concentrations (43.37 and 43.28 cm) respectively. The significantly least plant height at week 12 after planting was recorded at 0.2 % concentration (35.28 cm). No significant difference was observed among the varieties in terms of plant height. EMS concentration 0.1 % showed the significant highest number of leaves per plant at week 12 (297) while the least was recorded at 0.4 % concentration (177). Among the varieties, ICG 4412 had the significant highest number of leaves (289.20) at week 12 after planting and the least value was obtained in variety SAMNUT 26 (158.93). EMS concentration 0.1 % had the significant highest number of branches at maturity (13.25) while the least was recorded at 0.4 % EMS concentration (8.92). In terms of varietal performance, Samnut 26 had the significantly highest number of branches per plants (12.47), but was not significantly different from ICG 4412 (12.07). SAMNUT 25 was observed the have the significantly least number of branches per plant (9.13). The results obtained showed significant amount of variability in morphological parameters of the genotypes as a result of exposure to EMS which may essentially affect their productivity. This study revealed that EMS concentration 0.1 % Is the optimum concentration for inducing genetic variability in groundnut plant.
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    EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OFSIX UPLAND NIGERIA COTTON(GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUML.)GENOTYPES
    (Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2021-06-13) Dangana M.C.; Falusi O.A.; Adebola M.O.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Abubakar A.; Audu M.A.I
    This study was carried out to access the variation in morphological and yield parameters among six Nigeria cotton genotypes. A total of six genotypes of cotton; Samcot 8, Samcot 9, Samcot 10 Samcot 11, Samcot 12, and Samcot 13 were evaluated for plant height, number of branches, number of bolls per plant and boll size. Seeds of the six genotypes were raised to maturity in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five replicates and data were collected following standard procedures. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and results were considered significant at a significance level of 5 %. Results obtained showed significant variations in plant height with Samcot 13 having the highest plant height (106.10 ± 3.83cm) followed by Samcot 9 (103.00± 2.39 cm). The highest monopodialbranch was observed inSamcot 8 (21.40 ± 0.87) while the highest sympodialbranch was observed in Samcot 11 16.40 ± 0.86). Significant variations were observed in the number of bolls per plant and boll size with Samcot 9 having the highest number of bolls (31.30 ± 3.23) while the least was recorded in Samcot 12 (19.30 ± 3.03). Samcot 8 had the highest boll size (11.25 ± 0.25 cm) while Samcot 11 had the least boll size (9.60 ± 0.28 cm). Yield and yield attributes varied significantly, with different traits been favored by different genotypes. Samcot 9 had the highest weight of bolls (32.17 ± 5.49 g) while the least was observed in Samcot 8 (11.90 ± 1.27 g). Samcot 11 recorded the highest number of seeds per boll (30.68 ± 1.50 g) while the least was recorded in Samcot 9 (26.82 ± 2.49). Samcot 8 has the highest weight of lint per plant (13.66 ± 1.10 g) while the least was recorded in Samcot 13 (6.34 ± 0.89 g). The distinct features of some genotypes in plant height, number of sympodial branches, boll size and weight of lint compared to other genotypes is a good indication of existence of high genetic variability and genotypes with desired characteristicscould be selectedand incorporated into cotton improvement programmes.
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    Pollen Viability and Germinability of Gamma Irradiated M4 Lines of Sesame
    (NCRI Press, 2021-06-15) Audu M.A.I; Falusi O.A.; Muhammad M.L.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Abubakar A.
    Pollen viability and germinability are indispensable criteria in plant breeding programmes. This research evaluated eleven M4 mutant lines of gamma irradiated sesame (Sesamum indicum) for some pollen parameters. Seeds were obtained from the Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna and were raised to maturity alongside their respective checks in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Upper Niger River Basin Development Authority, Minna. Pollen viability and diameter were determined using standard procedure. The germinability test was done using three different sucrose concentrations (10 %, 20 % and 30 %) with 1 % nutrient agar solution. The results revealed that all the M4 mutant lines had adequate pollen viabilities (over 80%) with ML-10 having the highest (97.56 %) viability followed by ML-7 (95.61 %), ML-8 (95.01 %) and Check-2 (95.60 %). The highest pollen germinability was recorded at 20 % sucrose concentration for all the mutant lines with line ML-7 (39.70 %) having the highest percentage. Check-1 at 10 % sucrose concentration recorded the least percentage (11.46 %) across the concentration and treatments. Highest pollen diameter (169.52μm) was recorded in Check-1. Suboblate shapes with 10-13 colpi was observed in all the mutant lines and the checks. Pollens from all the lines comprised of circular and elliptic pollens except in ML-7 and the checks where the pollens were solely circular in polar view. The study revealed that gamma-irradiation could be a reasonable tool for inducing variability in sesame and advantageous in increasing the pollen viability.
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