School of Environmental Technology (SET)

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School of Environmental Technology (SET)

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    Assessment of Electrical Energy Consumption in Some Selected Tertiary Institutions Administrative Buildings in Niger State
    (School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna. PMB 65, Minna, Niger State Nigeria., 2024-11-29) Musa Titus Dada; Akanmu Williams Paul; Jimoh Richard A; Ejiga Anthony Ejiga
    High electrical energy consumption in public buildings and institutions poses a significant challenge, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. Inadequate empirical studies on building energy use have resulted in a lack of electrical energy data, especially in tertiary institutions where bulk metering is common. This study aimed to assess the electrical energy consumption in selected administrative buildings of tertiary institutions in Niger State, with the goal of reducing electrical consumption and improving energy efficiency. Experimental data collection involved direct field measurements using a real-time Efergy wireless energy (EW4500) monitoring device. Current transformer sensors were attached to the main distribution panels of the administrative buildings at the Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru, and Niger State College of Education Minna. The objectives included evaluating electrical energy consumption, comparing total consumption across buildings, and analyzing energy consumption patterns. Results indicated that the Senate building at FUT Minna had the highest consumption rate at 2604.7 KWh/m², followed by Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru at 2579.1 KWh/m², both exceeding the global benchmarks of 128 to 130 kWh/m² set by the Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) and the Building Energy Efficiency Guideline for Nigeria (BEEGN). In contrast, COE Minna’s administrative building, with consumption levels averaging 1579.1 KWh/m², generally fell within these benchmarks. The elevated energy consumption at FUT Minna and Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru was primarily attributed to operational inefficiencies, such as the continuous operation of HVAC systems and equipment during non-essential hours, even when buildings were not fully occupied. Hourly consumption patterns revealed peak usage during early working hours, with significant seasonal variations; however, both FUT Minna and Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru exhibited high energy use during off-peak periods, reflecting poor energy management practices. To address these inefficiencies, the study recommends conducting comprehensive energy audits and installing energy-efficient appliances at FUT Minna and Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru. Additionally, implementing smart metering, occupancy sensors, and optimized HVAC controls would significantly enhance monitoring and reduce energy consumption. These measures are critical for improving energy efficiency and ensuring sustainable operations in both institutions.
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    Optimizing HVAC Systems for Sustainable Lecture Rooms: Harnessing Environmental and Occupancy Data for Comfort and Energy Efficiency through Data-Driven Insights
    (School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna. PMB 65, Minna, Niger State Nigeria., 2024-11-29) Abdulwaheed Badmus; Musa Titus Dada
    The escalating energy consumption in campus infrastructure, especially in lecture halls with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, necessitates data-driven optimization strategies. This research demonstrates the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors with cloud-based predictive analytics to develop intelligent lecture room policies aimed at enhancing efficiency and sustainability. A Raspberry Pi-based IoT device, equipped with a BME680 sensor for monitoring temperature, humidity, and air quality, and a passive infrared sensor for occupancy detection, was installed in a university lecture room for real-time data acquisition. Data collected was routed through MySQL for storage and Node-RED for preprocessing. Time series forecasting models, including ARIMA and Prophet, along with machine learning models like XGBoost, achieved over 90% forecast accuracy for temperature and occupancy levels, enabling proactive control of environmental conditions. The optimized HVAC scheduling, based on forecasted occupancy patterns, resulted in a 20% reduction in energy consumption over an 8-week deployment, ensuring thermal comfort by maintaining temperatures within the recommended range of 21-23°C during occupancy. Enhanced occupant comfort was also achieved by maintaining humidity levels between 40-60%, improving indoor air quality through proactive ventilation control. Key recommendations include dynamic HVAC scheduling based on occupancy forecasts, thermostat setpoint adjustments to prevent temperature peaks, and expanding IoT sensor deployments across campus facilities to generate deeper insights. This integrated IoT and predictive analytics approach enabled a sustainable and responsive built environment, providing a scalable framework for optimizing other infrastructure types such as laboratories and offices.
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    Strength characteristics of modified black clay subgrade stabilized with cement kiln dust
    (2018) Jimoh I. O.; Amadi A. A; OGUNBODE, Ezekiel Babatunde
    This paper presents the results of a laboratory study in which the strength properties of black cotton soil (BC soil) subgrade modified with quarry fines (QF) were stabilized with cement kiln dust (CKD). The experimental program included Atterberg limits, compaction and unconfined compression testing of BC soil treated with QF at a constant dosage of 10% stabilized with CKD for dosages in the range 0–16% on dry weight basis. Soil mixtures were compacted with British Standard Light energy, and specimens for unconfined compression testing were prepared at predetermined optimum moistures and cured for 28 days. Test results showed that the studied soil which classify as A-7-6 (20) group in American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials classification system has liquid limit and plasticity index of approximately 85.0 and 50.5%, respectively, as well as a free swell of 65.0%. The application of QF together with the varying percentages of CKD lowered these parameters to values compatible with specification for subgrade layers prescribed by Nigerian General Specification for Roads and Bridges. While the addition of QF caused an increase in the maximum dry unit weight of the soil, the introduction of CKD resulted in the reduction of the maximum dry unit weight of soil mixtures. On the other hand, optimum moisture contents increased slightly following the treatments. Furthermore, both the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and the stiffness moduli (initial tangent, Ei, and secant, Esec, evaluated from the experimental stress–strain responses) of soil mixtures increased significantly as a consequence of the joint effects of quarry fines and CKD treatment producing soil mixtures with desired values for performance in road pavement subgrades.
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    Urban Sprawl and the Challenges of Physical Development Planning in the North-Central Part of Nigeria
    (The International Journal of the Constructed Environment, 2020-08-03) Junaid, A. M., Abdulraheem, M. O., & Adeleye, B. M.
    Abstract: The world is witnessing a rapid rate of urbanization and Nigeria is one of the rapidly urbanizing nations of Africa. This study examined the problem of urban sprawl in Nigeria with particular reference to the Yanyan–Mararaba–Masaka road corridor along the Abuja–Keffi highway in the North Central part of Nigeria. The research monitored urban sprawl in the area using the Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images of 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017. The study revealed a high rate of physical development in the area with an annual growth rate of 15.3 percent within the 2007–2012 period. The built- up area increased from 31.07 km2 to 54.50 km2 representing 76.38 percent magnitude of growth in five years. The nature of sprawl development in the area featured both dense/compact developments in the growth corridor along the Abuja–Keffi road as well as dispersed, leap frogging developments in the far hinterland of the road. The negative effects of the sprawl development include flood plain occupation, poor waste management, poor environmental conditions, and slum development. Amongst others, the study recommended proactive urban planning, urban renewal, and the establishment of an autonomous joint physical planning taskforce to manage the sprawl so as to achieve orderly and inclusive urban growth in the area. Keywords: Nigeria, Planning, Sprawl, Urban and Urbanization
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    Residents' Water Needs in the Indigenous Core of Ibadan City, Nigeria.
    (ISOCARP, 2014-09-26) Ayangbile, O. A and Adeleye, B. M.
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    Waste disposal: Existing infrastructure and the emerging trend in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State. Responsive Built Environment.
    (Published by the Faculty of Environmental Designs and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 2015-03-12) Popoola Ayobami A., Ayangbile Oluwabukola A., Adeleye Bamiji M.
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    Impact of Residential Mobility on Commercial Real Estate Investment Decision in Minna, Niger State Nigeria
    (School of Environmental Technology International Conference 2024 (SETIC 2024), October, 2024, 2024) Samuel j.; Kemiki O.A.; Ajayi M.T.A.; Musa H. D.; Olawale A.A
    This research explores the influence of residential mobility on commercial real estate investment decisions in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Residential mobility, reflecting the frequency and patterns of household relocations, significantly affects the dynamics of urban environments and, consequently, commercial real estate markets. The study employed a qualitative approach with selection of ten stakeholders in the real estate development and property market in Minna. Data were collective via semi-structured interview centred on four research questions towards achieving the research objective. The collected data were analysed with the aid of thematic content analysis. The findings indicate that high residential mobility in certain neighbourhoods like Bosso, Fadikpe and Maitumbi correlates with increased commercial real estate activity, driven by the demand for retail shops, office, and service-oriented spaces catering to a transient population. Conversely, areas with low residential mobility like Barikin Sale and Sauka Kahuta exhibits slower commercial development, often due to a stable but limited consumer base. Stability and risk management, opportunity and growth potential, and demographic influence on investment decisions are the elements of residential mobility indicating investment in commercial property development in the study area. The study concludes that decision to invest in commercial real estate is indeed influenced by residential mobility; though in relation to other outlying factors like finances, demand for commercial properties and economic prospects among other. Stakeholders and investors in the commercial real estate are recommended to always conduct in-depth market research, concentrate on stable neighbourhoods, make use of demographic information, keep an eye on urban and economic growth, and interact with local stakeholders in a bid to make more informed and strategic decisions that align with both global trends and local realities.
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    Impact of Urban Expansion on Agricultural Land in Minna, Niger State Nigeria
    (Proceedings of the 5th School of Environmental Technology International Conference (SETIC 2024), October, 2024, 2024) Muhammad Halima; Haruna D. Musa
    Arable agricultural land has been threatened by many factors among which is rapid rate of urbanization. The study assessed the impact of urban expansion on agricultural land towards sustainable land use policy in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Remote sensing data provided useful estimations of agricultural land loss on a regional scale. Satellite data of period from 2000-2020 were collected to analyze the extent of land change dynamics in Minna and to determine the impact of changing pattern of urban expansion on agricultural land in Minna. Remote sensing image processing, supervised classification technique using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification algorithm was employed based on five land use (Agricultural land, built-up area, bare surface, Natural vegetation, water bodies) classes. The analysis results reveal a decline in agricultural land and increase in the built-up area indicating an encroachment on agricultural land. The result shows a significant modification in land use landcover observed as agricultural lands underwent noticeable decline by 20.816km2 whereas built up area increased substantially by a value of 37.23km2. The land use landcover projection result revealed that 76% of urban expansion will result in 24% of agricultural land loss by year 2030 in Minna. In conclusion, the urban expansion has significant impact on agricultural land loss in the study area. Overcoming urban encroachment into agricultural lands requires adequate policy formulations amenable to sustainable urban planning and development. The results highlight the need for policy makers and synergies between urban and land management authorities, as well as the Ministry of Agriculture to implement policies to protect agricultural land.
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    "Location".
    (Department of Urban and Regional.University of Ibadan, 2016-01-02) Ayangbile, O. A and Adeleye, B.M.
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    Coordinates
    (Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, 2017-01-01) Adeleye, B.M., Popoola, A.A., Onyemenam, P. I. and Ndana, M.
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