School of Environmental Technology (SET)
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School of Environmental Technology (SET)
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Item Assessment of Electrical Energy Consumption in Some Selected Tertiary Institutions Administrative Buildings in Niger State(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna. PMB 65, Minna, Niger State Nigeria., 2024-11-29) Musa Titus Dada; Akanmu Williams Paul; Jimoh Richard A; Ejiga Anthony EjigaHigh electrical energy consumption in public buildings and institutions poses a significant challenge, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. Inadequate empirical studies on building energy use have resulted in a lack of electrical energy data, especially in tertiary institutions where bulk metering is common. This study aimed to assess the electrical energy consumption in selected administrative buildings of tertiary institutions in Niger State, with the goal of reducing electrical consumption and improving energy efficiency. Experimental data collection involved direct field measurements using a real-time Efergy wireless energy (EW4500) monitoring device. Current transformer sensors were attached to the main distribution panels of the administrative buildings at the Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru, and Niger State College of Education Minna. The objectives included evaluating electrical energy consumption, comparing total consumption across buildings, and analyzing energy consumption patterns. Results indicated that the Senate building at FUT Minna had the highest consumption rate at 2604.7 KWh/m², followed by Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru at 2579.1 KWh/m², both exceeding the global benchmarks of 128 to 130 kWh/m² set by the Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) and the Building Energy Efficiency Guideline for Nigeria (BEEGN). In contrast, COE Minna’s administrative building, with consumption levels averaging 1579.1 KWh/m², generally fell within these benchmarks. The elevated energy consumption at FUT Minna and Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru was primarily attributed to operational inefficiencies, such as the continuous operation of HVAC systems and equipment during non-essential hours, even when buildings were not fully occupied. Hourly consumption patterns revealed peak usage during early working hours, with significant seasonal variations; however, both FUT Minna and Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru exhibited high energy use during off-peak periods, reflecting poor energy management practices. To address these inefficiencies, the study recommends conducting comprehensive energy audits and installing energy-efficient appliances at FUT Minna and Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru. Additionally, implementing smart metering, occupancy sensors, and optimized HVAC controls would significantly enhance monitoring and reduce energy consumption. These measures are critical for improving energy efficiency and ensuring sustainable operations in both institutions.Item Optimizing HVAC Systems for Sustainable Lecture Rooms: Harnessing Environmental and Occupancy Data for Comfort and Energy Efficiency through Data-Driven Insights(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna. PMB 65, Minna, Niger State Nigeria., 2024-11-29) Abdulwaheed Badmus; Musa Titus DadaThe escalating energy consumption in campus infrastructure, especially in lecture halls with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, necessitates data-driven optimization strategies. This research demonstrates the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors with cloud-based predictive analytics to develop intelligent lecture room policies aimed at enhancing efficiency and sustainability. A Raspberry Pi-based IoT device, equipped with a BME680 sensor for monitoring temperature, humidity, and air quality, and a passive infrared sensor for occupancy detection, was installed in a university lecture room for real-time data acquisition. Data collected was routed through MySQL for storage and Node-RED for preprocessing. Time series forecasting models, including ARIMA and Prophet, along with machine learning models like XGBoost, achieved over 90% forecast accuracy for temperature and occupancy levels, enabling proactive control of environmental conditions. The optimized HVAC scheduling, based on forecasted occupancy patterns, resulted in a 20% reduction in energy consumption over an 8-week deployment, ensuring thermal comfort by maintaining temperatures within the recommended range of 21-23°C during occupancy. Enhanced occupant comfort was also achieved by maintaining humidity levels between 40-60%, improving indoor air quality through proactive ventilation control. Key recommendations include dynamic HVAC scheduling based on occupancy forecasts, thermostat setpoint adjustments to prevent temperature peaks, and expanding IoT sensor deployments across campus facilities to generate deeper insights. This integrated IoT and predictive analytics approach enabled a sustainable and responsive built environment, providing a scalable framework for optimizing other infrastructure types such as laboratories and offices.Item Urban Sprawl and the Challenges of Physical Development Planning in the North-Central Part of Nigeria(The International Journal of the Constructed Environment, 2020-08-03) Junaid, A. M., Abdulraheem, M. O., & Adeleye, B. M.Abstract: The world is witnessing a rapid rate of urbanization and Nigeria is one of the rapidly urbanizing nations of Africa. This study examined the problem of urban sprawl in Nigeria with particular reference to the Yanyan–Mararaba–Masaka road corridor along the Abuja–Keffi highway in the North Central part of Nigeria. The research monitored urban sprawl in the area using the Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images of 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017. The study revealed a high rate of physical development in the area with an annual growth rate of 15.3 percent within the 2007–2012 period. The built- up area increased from 31.07 km2 to 54.50 km2 representing 76.38 percent magnitude of growth in five years. The nature of sprawl development in the area featured both dense/compact developments in the growth corridor along the Abuja–Keffi road as well as dispersed, leap frogging developments in the far hinterland of the road. The negative effects of the sprawl development include flood plain occupation, poor waste management, poor environmental conditions, and slum development. Amongst others, the study recommended proactive urban planning, urban renewal, and the establishment of an autonomous joint physical planning taskforce to manage the sprawl so as to achieve orderly and inclusive urban growth in the area. Keywords: Nigeria, Planning, Sprawl, Urban and UrbanizationItem Impact of Residential Mobility on Commercial Real Estate Investment Decision in Minna, Niger State Nigeria(School of Environmental Technology International Conference 2024 (SETIC 2024), October, 2024, 2024) Samuel j.; Kemiki O.A.; Ajayi M.T.A.; Musa H. D.; Olawale A.AThis research explores the influence of residential mobility on commercial real estate investment decisions in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Residential mobility, reflecting the frequency and patterns of household relocations, significantly affects the dynamics of urban environments and, consequently, commercial real estate markets. The study employed a qualitative approach with selection of ten stakeholders in the real estate development and property market in Minna. Data were collective via semi-structured interview centred on four research questions towards achieving the research objective. The collected data were analysed with the aid of thematic content analysis. The findings indicate that high residential mobility in certain neighbourhoods like Bosso, Fadikpe and Maitumbi correlates with increased commercial real estate activity, driven by the demand for retail shops, office, and service-oriented spaces catering to a transient population. Conversely, areas with low residential mobility like Barikin Sale and Sauka Kahuta exhibits slower commercial development, often due to a stable but limited consumer base. Stability and risk management, opportunity and growth potential, and demographic influence on investment decisions are the elements of residential mobility indicating investment in commercial property development in the study area. The study concludes that decision to invest in commercial real estate is indeed influenced by residential mobility; though in relation to other outlying factors like finances, demand for commercial properties and economic prospects among other. Stakeholders and investors in the commercial real estate are recommended to always conduct in-depth market research, concentrate on stable neighbourhoods, make use of demographic information, keep an eye on urban and economic growth, and interact with local stakeholders in a bid to make more informed and strategic decisions that align with both global trends and local realities.Item Impact of Urban Expansion on Agricultural Land in Minna, Niger State Nigeria(Proceedings of the 5th School of Environmental Technology International Conference (SETIC 2024), October, 2024, 2024) Muhammad Halima; Haruna D. MusaArable agricultural land has been threatened by many factors among which is rapid rate of urbanization. The study assessed the impact of urban expansion on agricultural land towards sustainable land use policy in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Remote sensing data provided useful estimations of agricultural land loss on a regional scale. Satellite data of period from 2000-2020 were collected to analyze the extent of land change dynamics in Minna and to determine the impact of changing pattern of urban expansion on agricultural land in Minna. Remote sensing image processing, supervised classification technique using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification algorithm was employed based on five land use (Agricultural land, built-up area, bare surface, Natural vegetation, water bodies) classes. The analysis results reveal a decline in agricultural land and increase in the built-up area indicating an encroachment on agricultural land. The result shows a significant modification in land use landcover observed as agricultural lands underwent noticeable decline by 20.816km2 whereas built up area increased substantially by a value of 37.23km2. The land use landcover projection result revealed that 76% of urban expansion will result in 24% of agricultural land loss by year 2030 in Minna. In conclusion, the urban expansion has significant impact on agricultural land loss in the study area. Overcoming urban encroachment into agricultural lands requires adequate policy formulations amenable to sustainable urban planning and development. The results highlight the need for policy makers and synergies between urban and land management authorities, as well as the Ministry of Agriculture to implement policies to protect agricultural land.Item The Need for Land Use Planning and Governance in Suleja Niger State, Nigeria: What It Is and What It Ought to Be(Published by CRC Press, 2020-05-04) Gbenga Morenikeji, Bamiji Adeleye, Ekundayo A. Adesina, and Joseph O.Abstract Suleja has been witnessing rapid developmental changes in terms of physical landscape, city growth and urban sprawl since the movement of the Federal Capital Territory in 1991. This study examines the dynamics of urban growth, land consumption rate and forecast the future land risk in Suleja. The data source for the research was the documented materials as historical records and topographic map of Suleja which was collected from the Ministry of Lands and Survey, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, Satellite imagery of the study (Enhance Thematic Mapper (ETM) 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2018) over a period of 18 years was analyzed to determine Land consumption trends. Thus, it was observed that Suleja population is growing steadily, the available land for both vegetation and built up are being consumed gradually and grown at 16% in 2018 while built-up at 13.6%. This research proposed that to maintain sustainable land management, valuable plots on the major and strategic locations has to be redesigned for ‘fit-for purpose’, immediately update of the existing master plan and adoption of computerized land records (GIS) for proper land registration and titling in the Suleja be provided. Keywords: Urbanization, Land use Planning and Governance, Land Consumption, Remote SensingItem Analysis of Factors influencing Neighbourhood Ties among Residents in Minna, Niger State.(Journal of Environmental Technology (JETSET-FUTA).Publication of School of Environmental Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, 2020) Umar Musa Abdullahi; Haruna D. MusaNeighbourhood ties is a concept that has received considerable interest recently due to its Probability of reducing insecurity, enhance community life, togetherness, and quality of life. Neighbourhood ties to some extent is a slippery concept and complex to quantify but can be measured by the strength of its influencing factors such as the degree to which people interact, trust one another and feeling of commitment. This studytherefore assesses factors that influence neighbourhood ties in Minna. The study employed quantitative approach using structured questionnaire. A total of 420 residences were randomly sampled from eight (8) neighbourhoods in Minna. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to examine the factors that influence neighbourhood ties among residents. The study found that five out of the six (6) factors examined influenceneighbourhood ties in Minna. These factors were sense of community, sense of belonging, neighbourliness, access to facilities/services and community engagement. The five factors have Eigenvalue >land contributed a total of 74.71%cumulativevariance, each factor achieved level of reliability determined by the Cronbach's Alpha value >0.70.Sense of community (0.93), sense of belonging (0.89), neighbourliness (0.85), access to facilities/services (0.84) and community engagement (0.71). This study suggests that these factors determined by EFA have demonstrated a good reliability to assess neighbourhood ties among residents to wards sustainable neighbourhood's development in Minna.Item Whither Urban and Regional Planning? An Investigation into the Popularity of and Satisfaction with Urban and Regional Planning as a Course of Study among Secondary School and University Students in Nigeria.(Journal of the Nigeria Institute of Town Planners, 2022) Wole Morenikeji; Haruna D. Musa; Olaide AkandeThe study examined the level of awareness of Urban and Regional Planning (URP) both asa course anda profession among553secondaryschooland 453undergraduatestudentsof Urban and Regional Planning across responding universities in Nigeria.It was observed that about 70% of the secondary school students correctly identified what Town Planners do, about 96% of them recognized the need for Town Planners and almost half offered Geography (41.38%) or like Geography (50.83%). Also, URP was not among the popular courses of choice to be pursued at the tertiary level among the students. From the four-year admission data obtained from the Federal University of Technology Minna, about half (241) of the 485 Candidates were admitted from those rejected from the Architecture Department. Overall, about 70% of URP students felt satisfied with the course and 87% will recommend it to others. Therefore, the study recommends up-scaling of career talks centring on the job prospects for URP graduates. This should be complemented by strong advocacy in the government circle on the need to create vacancies for planners in planning-oriented agencies.Item Waste Generation and Trend among Households in Bida Town(Nigeria Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2022) Muhammad S. Babasaba; Haruna D. Musa; Memunat O. AkanbiUrbanization bring about an increase in population with consequent increase in municipal solid waste generation in Bida, a town with significance economic, social, cultural, environmental, and national tourism influence as heritage setting. However, there is dearth of basic data for solid waste management design. This study was carried out to quantify and characterize the solid waste generated by households within Bida town. A total of 400 households were sampled using a stratified random techniques base on ‘core traditional’ and ‘modern’ settings. The study employed experimental approach involves the weighing of household’s daily solid waste generation three consecutive days for four months using weighing Scale after sorting. The per capita waste generation and future waste generation was estimated. The result reveals that 1,085 kg of solid wastes was generated at the average generation rate of 0.47 kg/capita/day in Bida. This indicated that based on this rate the town have generated 150.49 metric tons of solid waste per day, equivalent to 55million tons in that same year (2020). The scenario is estimated to increase to 299.58 metric tons per day at an average generation rate of 0.64kg/capita and 1.09billion tons for the year 2030 based on projected population of 468,096 of the town. This study revealed rapid increase in the rate of household solid waste generation in Bida, thus recommends modalities to exploit recycling option to or by converting solid waste to energy thus a good solution for waste management.Item Assessment of urban thermal comfort of residents and its coping strategies in Abuja, Nigeria(INTERNATIONAL JOUNAL OF: BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND EARTH SCIENCE. TIMBOU-AFRICA ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS, 2023) Y.A. ABBAS; O.O. MORENIKEJI; C.B. OHADUGHA; H.D. MUSAUrbanization has driven rise in temperature and variation in cities around the world. The study assesses the thermal comfort of residents in Abuja. The study uses questionnaires administration to assess the thermal perception of residents which was compared to universal thermal comfort index (UTCI) and GIS to determine the heat stress spot within the study area. The result shows that residents within the FCC, Gwagwalada and Kubwa falls experience moderate heat stress environment with recorded mean temperature of 31.4°C, 31.7°C and 31.1°C. The study also reveals that 95.8% of residents in, Kubwa (93.9%) and FCC (89.7%) uses wind shades/shades, air conditioning and fan to regulate their thermal comfort. The study recommends that biophilic design should be adopted by the FCTA administration to help mitigate LST and improve the livability of the resident of the FCT.