School of Physical Sciences (SPS)

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School of Physical Sciences (SPS)

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    Effects of Undesired Course of Study on Students' Academic Achievement in Nigeria Using Binary Logistic Regression
    (Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education, 2017-09) O. M. Adetutu; F. A. Oguntolu; U. Abdullahi
    This study was conducted to examine the effects of undesired course of study on students' academic performance in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The questionnaire method was used with stratified sampling scheme. The questionnaire was administered to 400 students in Federal University of Technology, Minna Nigeria. Factors such as gender, age, satisfaction and the course of study were examined whether these factors were having effect on students' academic performance. The student cumulative grade point average (CGPA) was used as a measure of academic performance. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression and the results revealed that satisfaction with course of study and undesired course of study affected students' academic performance. However, age and gender difference did not affect students' academic performance.
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    A Mathematical Model of a Yellow Fever Dynamics with Vaccination
    (Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics, 2015-11) F. A. Oguntolu; N. I. Akinwande; S. A. Somma; F. Y. Eguda; T. T. Ashezua
    In this paper, a mathematical model describing the dynamics of yellow fever epidemics, which involves the interactions of two principal communities of Hosts (Humans) and vectors (mosquitoes) is considered. The existence and uniqueness of solutions of the model were examined by actual solution. We conduct local stability analysis for the model. The results show that it is stable under certain conditions. The system of equations describing the phenomenon was solved analytically using parameter-expanding method coupled with direct integration. The results are presented graphically and discussed. It is discovered that improvement in Vaccination strategies will eradicate the epidemics.
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    Mathematical model for control of tuberculosis epidemiology
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022-04-22) Mayowa M. Ojo; Olumuyiwa James Peter; Emile Franc Doungmo Goufo; Hasan S. Panigoro; Festus Abiodun Oguntolu
    Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria that most commonly affects the lungs. Due to its high mortality, it remains a global health issue, and it is one of the leading causes of death in the majority of sub-Saharan African countries. We formulate a six-compartmental deterministic model to investigate the impact of vaccination on the dynamics of tuberculosis in a given population. The qualitative behaviors of the presented model were examined, and the respective threshold quantity was obtained. The tuberculosis-free equilibrium of the system is said to be locally asymptotically stable when the effective reproduction number and unstable otherwise. Furthermore, we examined the stability of the endemic equilibrium, and the conditions for the existence of backward bifurcation are discussed. A numerical simulation was performed to demonstrate and support the theoretical findings. The result shows that reducing the effective contact with an infected person and enhancing the rate of vaccinating susceptible individuals with high vaccine efficacy will reduce the burden of tuberculosis in the population.
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    Mathematical model and analysis of the soil-transmitted helminth infections with optimal control
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-02) Festus Abiodun Oguntolu; Olumuyiwa James Peter; Abubakar Yusuf; B. I. Omede; G. Bolarin; T. A. Ayoola
    Soil-transmitted helminth diseases are highly prevalent in impoverished regions and pose a significant health burden on the global population. These diseases are primarily transmitted through the contamination of soil with human faces containing parasite eggs. This study presents a novel deterministic mathematical model to comprehensively investigate the dynamics of helminth infection transmission through the soil. The mathematical model exhibits two equilibrium points: the diseases-free equilibrium point (DFE) and the endemic equilibrium point (EEP). The DFE is proven to be locally and globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than one, indicating the potential for disease eradication. Conversely, the EEP is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number exceeds unity, representing a persistent endemic state. To explore effective intervention strategies for controlling the spread of these infections, optimal control theory is applied. The study incorporates two time-varying control variables derived from sensitivity analysis: the rate of hygiene consciousness in the susceptible class and the rate of hygiene consciousness in the infectious class. Numerical simulations demonstrate that implementing optimal control strategies can successfully curb and mitigate soil-transmitted helminth infections. Overall, this research highlights the importance of proactive and targeted interventions, emphasizing the significance of hygiene education and awareness campaigns. By implementing optimal control measures based on the proposed strategies, the burden of soil-transmitted helminth diseases can be significantly reduced, improving public health in affected regions.
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    Chemically Deposited Doped Titanate Ternary Metal Oxide Thin Films Via Spray Pyrolysis Route-Preparation, Characterization and Solar Cell Application Analysis
    (4th Africa Nano Conference and Workshop, 2021-07) Eze, C. N.; Onyia, A. I; Nnabuchi, A. I
    Spray pyrolysis method of deposition is a simple, cheap, low cost and conventional method that gives uniform deposition. With this motivation, a simple approach of spraying ZnTiO3 nanoparticles on a substrate is reported. The approach occurs with ternary metal oxide and is environmentally friendly. This follows the quest to further improve the physical and chemical properties of ternary metal oxide which has become noticeable in recent times. The crystallization temperature of ZnTiO3 was 2000C. Among other investigations the SEM result shows a perovskite structure-like morphology. Further characterization performed on the thin film for the structural aspect which gives XRD of the thin film shown on the diffractogram is in agreement with the standard diffraction of ZnTiO3 which is identified as tetragonal structure. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy was also used to characterize the final product and the spectra indicated that the absorbance obviously increased in the visible light region with absorption peak at about 209 nm and with optical band gap which infers that it has potential application in solar energy devices.
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    Surface Modification and Functionalization of Ceramic Composites.
    (Elsevier, 2023) Okeke, I. S; Obodo, R. M; Eze, C. N.; Orji, M. P; Agwu, K. K; Ubachukwu, A. A; Ezema, F. I
    Materials with high dielectric constants are essential in the control and advancement of electronics and electrical power systems. The dielectric properties of materials majorly include dielectric constants (ꜫo) and loss tangent (tan ẟ), and for a material to be considered a very good dielectric material, it needs greater ꜫo, lower tan ẟ and reduced leakage current (J). Inorganic mixed transition oxides (MTMOS) ceramics composites have shown huge potential than the transition metal oxide because they constitute two or more metal elements with different expansion coefficients that give rise to synergistic effects. MTMOs ceramics composites are mostly found with spinel structure such as normal spinel structure (NSS) and inverse spinel structure (IVS). Several synthesis techniques have been used in formulation of MTMOs ceramic composites. Their dielectric properties have been modified considerately by altering its morphology, use of modifying agent, and high calcination temperatures. In this chapter, we summarized MTMOs major structure type synthesis technique that have been successfully used in preparation of MTMOs, the dielectric properties of MTMOs and basis of surface modification in MTMOs as well as its effect in the dielectric properties.
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    The Role of Local Dyes in Dye-Doped Stannates and Titanates for Enhancement f Solar Energy Capture
    (FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 2025) Eze, C. N.
    Local dyes play a crucial role in enhancing solar energy capture in dye-doped stannates and titanates by acting as light-harvesting agents, boosting the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These dyes, when adsorbed onto the surfaces of porous semiconductor materials like TiO2, absorb incoming sunlight and then inject electrons into the semiconductor, initiating an electron transfer process that generates electricity. This process is similar to how plants capture sunlight in photosynthesis. Stannates and titanates, such as TiO2, ZnTiO3, BaSnO3 etc provide a porous surface for dye adsorption and act as the conductive material for electron transport. Their nanostructured surfaces increase the surface area available for dye adsorption, enhancing light capture.
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    ATTAINMENT OF THE 7-POINT AGENDA IN NIGERIA THROUGH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
    (The Nigerian Journal of Research and Production, 2010-04) Eze, C. N.
    The 7-point agenda of the Nigerian President, Musa Umaru Yar’adua is a suitable road map to the quick modernization and industrialization of Nigeria. The agenda touches on the most important aspects of the needs of the people of this country. For instance, adequate supply of power and energy, the effective modernization of education at all levels from primary to tertiary, the beefing up of the system of transportation throughout the country, the departure from the dependence on crude oil to new areas of employment and wealth creation such as in agriculture and solid minerals and the assurance of security especially in Niger Delta zone of the country – all these will give this country a new lease of life never experienced before. This paper, therefore, contains analysis of the bone of contention of the -point agenda as enumerated by the president himself. Namely, power and energy, food security, wealth creation, transportation, land reform, education and security as epitomized in the Niger Delta situation. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the issues involved in achieving the agenda, or otherwise, show the strengths and weaknesses of the various proposals, in relationship with the existing science and technology in this country at the moment, and finally draw conclusion and make recommendations. The science and technology available in this country has already produced very formidable manpower that can handle Nigeria’s current state of development. If, however, there are certain rare areas where suitable technology is not available, the country is rich enough to pay for technology transfer from outside. The re-branding of Nigeria now in progress, though not part of the 7-point agenda, has created excellent opportunities for smoothening the rough edges of the agenda and, hopefully, will act as icing sugar and finishing touches to it. Keywords: Science and technology, the 7-point agenda, development, Nigerian government and the masses.
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    Estimation of the Calorific Value and Electrical Energy Potential of Waste Generated Biomass Within Abakaliki Meteropolis Ebonyi State, Nigeria
    (American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, 2020) Igbo, M. E; Chikeleze, P. C; Onyia, A.I; Igbo, N. E; Eze, C. N.; Chima, A.I
    Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the electrical energy potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated biomass within Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The MSW samples were collected at two different points from each of the waste management zones, with each zone covering at least twelve (12) streets. It was then sorted into three major categories according to their constituents viz; metals, plastics and biomass. In this study, the biomass component of the MSW sample was is our focus. Thus, the biomass sample was sun dried and then ground into powdered form. It was thoroughly mixed, shredded, sieved and subsequently analysed at the Lorcin Technologies Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Currently, an average of 360 tons of MSW is generated within Abakaliki metropolis on daily bases. This translates to an electrical energy potential of approximately 320MW. The MSW-generated biomass analysis estimates the Gross Calorific Value (GCV) or Higher Heating Values (HHV) to be 11.644MJ/kg. This value which practically determines the electrical energy of the waste sample is highly suitable for many thermal conversion processe. This translate to the fact 0.925kg of biomass will generate electrical power of 1KWh. Hence, one unit of electricity=10765KJ/Kg/GVC (KJ/Kg).
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    Modeling prevalence of meningitis control strategies through evaluating with available data on meningitis cases reported in Nigeria
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-05-14) O.J. Peter; F.A. Oguntolu; N. Nyerere; A. El-Mesady
    Meningitis is a major public health concern, especially in developing nations, due to its devastating consequences for human health. Although modeling studies have examined disease transmission dynamics, little attention has been paid to how control strategies affect the behavior of different population groups, including carriers, symptomatic individuals, hospitalized patients, and those in intensive care. This study proposes a computational framework that compares the effectiveness of vaccination of people at risk of the disease versus treating symptomatic infected persons. The basic reproduction number is used to evaluate the equilibrium points. Assess the precision of the proposed model’s illustration to data. We fit the meningitis model using the information at our disposal on meningitis cases reported in Nigeria from the first week of January to the last week of December 2023; this was obtained from the Nigerian Center for Disease Control (NCDC) database. We also performed a sensitivity analysis using a normalized forward sensitivity index to see which parameters had significant effects on the effective reproduction number. The results of both analytical techniques and numerical simulations reveal that recruitment rate, vaccination, progression from carrier to symptomatic stages, and disease-induced death all significantly reduce the incidence and prevalence of meningitis in the community. The study findings could be used to inform decisions about meningitis control initiatives.