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    A review of coating tin oxide electron transport layer for optimizing the performance of perovskite solar cells
    (Chemistry of Inorganic Materials Volume 6, August 2025, 100100, 2025-04-10) YUSUF Abubakar Sadiq; Ahmad Alhaji Abubakar; Isah Kimpa Mohammed; Umaru Ahmadu; Kasim Uthman Isah
    Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as a transformative technology in the photovoltaic sector, drawing considerable attention due to their rapid advancements in power conversion efficiency (PCE), which now exceeds 26.7 %. This efficiency level places them in direct competition with conventional silicon-based solar cells. A key element in ensuring the high performance of PSCs is the charge transport layer (CTL), particularly the electron transport layer (ETL). The ETL plays a crucial role by efficiently collecting photo-generated electrons from the perovskite layer and transferring them to the transparent conductive oxide electrode. Among the ma- terials used for ETLs, tin oxide (SnO 2) stands out for its wide band gap, excellent optical transparency, superior carrier mobility, and remarkable chemical stability. Additionally, SnO2 can be deposited at low temperatures, making it ideal for mass production and adaptable for applications such as flexible devices. Despite its inherent advantages, the overall performance and quality of the ETL, and thus the device itself, are heavily influenced by the fabrication process. This study reviews recent approaches to fabricating SnO 2 ETLs in PSCs, with a focus on optimizing efficiency and long-term stability
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    A Fundamental Review of Trends in Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Introduction of Buffer Layers to Enhance Stability
    (JOURNAL OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION, 2020) J. Y. Jiya; J. S. Enaburekhan; M. T. Jimoh; E. C. Egwim
    Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), as photo-electric conversion devices, exhibit adequate power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low processing cost and have thus become one of the most promising devices to replace conventional silicon-based solar cells thereby addressing current prevailing energy issues. Despite rapid progress in the perovskite solar cell efficiency, there have been concerns about issues which could affect the measurement accuracy and/or practical applications of these devices, amongst which are stability, scaling up (large area devices), and possible environmental effects related to the use of lead-based active material. Current PSCs use nonbiodegradable petroleum-based polymer substrates, discarding of which will aggravate environmental pollution. In this study, a review of the fundamentals and progress in the perovskite solar cell (PSC) is discussed. The processing cost of metal electrode deposition in PSC is very costly, hence, the replacement of the metal electrode by some other low-cost counter electrode is discussed.