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Item Mathematical model for control of tuberculosis epidemiology(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022-04-22) Mayowa M. Ojo; Olumuyiwa James Peter; Emile Franc Doungmo Goufo; Hasan S. Panigoro; Festus Abiodun OguntoluTuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria that most commonly affects the lungs. Due to its high mortality, it remains a global health issue, and it is one of the leading causes of death in the majority of sub-Saharan African countries. We formulate a six-compartmental deterministic model to investigate the impact of vaccination on the dynamics of tuberculosis in a given population. The qualitative behaviors of the presented model were examined, and the respective threshold quantity was obtained. The tuberculosis-free equilibrium of the system is said to be locally asymptotically stable when the effective reproduction number and unstable otherwise. Furthermore, we examined the stability of the endemic equilibrium, and the conditions for the existence of backward bifurcation are discussed. A numerical simulation was performed to demonstrate and support the theoretical findings. The result shows that reducing the effective contact with an infected person and enhancing the rate of vaccinating susceptible individuals with high vaccine efficacy will reduce the burden of tuberculosis in the population.Item Assessment of Wood Waste Management Practices in Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Minna, Niger State.(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education, 2023-06) Franca Chinenye Nwankwo; Robert Okwori; Bala Maik Mohammed; Christopher Obeta IgweThe purpose of the study is to assess the management practices adopted by small and medium scale enterprises in managing wood waste in Nigeria. Wood waste mismanagement is a serious environmental threat in Niger State. The evident disposal of wood wastes on the streets, water bodies and the open air burning indicates that wood waste management practices which includes the collection, disposal, recycling and reuse of wood waste are inefficient and insufficient and therefore will pose a great threat the sustenance of Nigerian timber forests, human health and environmental balance. The objectives of the study are to identify: wood waste collection practices, wood waste recycling practices and wood waste disposal practices in SMEs in Niger State. The study adopted Survey research design. Data were collected from administration of questionnaire.The population of the study was 17 respondents. The respondents were drawn from six medium scale enterprises and 11 small scale enterprises in Minna, Niger State. Survey was carried out to identify SMEs in the study area. The respondents for the study were drawn from 6 medium scale enterprises and 11 small scale enterprises. The total population was used for the study hence there was no sampling technique. Data collected from the questionnaire was analyzed using Mean and Standard deviation and t-test. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions, while t-test was used to test the Null Hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study on wood waste collection revealed that wood waste generated in SMEs are collected by poultry and animal farmers and used as animal beddings and others are collected by households and used as cooking fuel, the remnant of the wastes are burnt while others are used as landfills. The findings also revealed that wood waste are not collected by waste collection agencies nor composite boards manufacturing industries. The findings on wood waste recycling practices revealed that there are facilities for recycling, treatment and sorting of wood waste in Minna. In addition, there are wood waste disposal, storage or incineration facilities in Minna. Therefore, this study recommends that the agencies and bodies that are mandated to check and regulate wood waste should be appraised annually to ensure that their duties are effectively carried out. It is also important that necessary facilities for waste collection, storage and recycling should be made available in Niger State by the government so as to maximize wood waste utilization and create wealth and jobs in the state.Item Mathematical model and analysis of the soil-transmitted helminth infections with optimal control(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-02) Festus Abiodun Oguntolu; Olumuyiwa James Peter; Abubakar Yusuf; B. I. Omede; G. Bolarin; T. A. AyoolaSoil-transmitted helminth diseases are highly prevalent in impoverished regions and pose a significant health burden on the global population. These diseases are primarily transmitted through the contamination of soil with human faces containing parasite eggs. This study presents a novel deterministic mathematical model to comprehensively investigate the dynamics of helminth infection transmission through the soil. The mathematical model exhibits two equilibrium points: the diseases-free equilibrium point (DFE) and the endemic equilibrium point (EEP). The DFE is proven to be locally and globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than one, indicating the potential for disease eradication. Conversely, the EEP is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number exceeds unity, representing a persistent endemic state. To explore effective intervention strategies for controlling the spread of these infections, optimal control theory is applied. The study incorporates two time-varying control variables derived from sensitivity analysis: the rate of hygiene consciousness in the susceptible class and the rate of hygiene consciousness in the infectious class. Numerical simulations demonstrate that implementing optimal control strategies can successfully curb and mitigate soil-transmitted helminth infections. Overall, this research highlights the importance of proactive and targeted interventions, emphasizing the significance of hygiene education and awareness campaigns. By implementing optimal control measures based on the proposed strategies, the burden of soil-transmitted helminth diseases can be significantly reduced, improving public health in affected regions.Item Therapeutic Waiting Areas: A Study of Perceptions of Patients and their Companions in Hospitals(Journal of Current Trends in Nursing and Health Care, 2025-05-19) Lawal, Lateef Ademola; Makun, Charles Yakubu; Ogunbajo, Rukaiyat Adeola; Obideyi, TaiwoThe waiting area has an influence on patients and their companions and plays an important role in accessing medical services. Research suggests that hospitals are stressful environments, with high levels of uncertainty, fear, and anxiety. While the impact of healing and therapeutic features on patients’ in waiting areas of healthcare settings is known in Western cultures and contexts, there has been little or no research focused on the therapeutic features in waiting areas, particularly in Nigeria. This present study examined the perceptions of the features of therapeutic waiting areas and their effects on patients’ hospital experience, stress, and perceived relaxation. A survey questionnaire was employed to collect data from patients and their companions at two hospitals in North Central, Nigeria about their perceptions of therapeutic features in the waiting areas. The data were analysed using standard statistical methods. The results from this study demonstrated the significant importance of having well-designed waiting areas/rooms equipped with appropriate furniture in healthcare settings for the comfort of patients and carers. Additionally, views of nature, waiting areas with easy access to natural greenery, the presence of large windows, and calming and relaxing colours were identified as features that improve visual connection to nature and increased positive feelings and moods. The study, the first in a series of waiting room studies in Nigeria, provides valuable insights that can be useful for designing waiting areas in healthcare facilities. It also has the potential for fostering comfortable waiting areas for the wellbeing of patients and users in healthcare environments.Item Environmental Risks and the Effects of Noise on Residents' Quality of Life and Well-being in Nigerian Urban Residential Environment(Frontiers in Water and Environment, 2025) Akande, Oluwafemi K.; Akinbami, Ademola A.; Akeremale, Igbayemi D.; John, Ayuba B.; Haruna, Aisha G.; Oshineye, Adegbenga A.; Lawal, Lateef Ademola; Anikor, Emmanuel M.; Sola-Adebiyi, Oyeyemi P.Environmental noise pollution is becoming a major concern in cities around the world, with serious consequences for public health and quality of life. In Nigeria, increasing urbanisation and uncontrolled urban growth have exacerbated noise pollution from transportation, industrial activity, and commercial hubs. This study examined environmental risks connected with noise pollution and its impact on residents' quality of life in Nigerian cities. The study used a mixed-methods approach, integrating noise level measurements (using a sound pressure level meter), resident questionnaire surveys (n=880), and spatial analysis to determine noise hotspots in the city centre. and their relationship to household satisfaction. The findings were compared to national (50 dBA) and worldwide (55 dBA) standards by the WHO. The findings revealed that noise from places of worship and road noise were highly rated, with about 75% of respondents reporting that environmental noise has a negative influence on their quality of life. The study recommended a synergistic approach to built environment design, design quality of residential buildings, and interventions by architects and other built environment experts to combat urban environmental pollution in residential settings. The study contributes to urban policy through its recommendations for noise mitigation measures and urban design frameworks that encourage healthier living conditions.Item Biophilic Design Strategies in Healthcare Buildings(International Journal of Environmental Research & Earth Science, 2023-03) Omaga, Angela Ele-Ojo; Lawal, Lateef AdemolaEvidence-based studies have shown the benefits of including nature and its elements in the built environment suggesting that they could have a positive effect on healing and health. The innate emotional attachment of human to nature and the living things in nature is known as “biophilia”. Biophilic design is an approach that integrates nature into the buildings in which people live to foster human-nature relationship. Extensive literature review gives a clear understanding of Biophilic design and confirms a link between patient’s recovery and building with nature. The study is aimed at assessing the extent to which biophilic design strategies is adopted in hospital buildings in Nigeria. Case study methodology was adopted to give critical analysis of existing health facilities and Biophilic design strategy adopted. The selected hospitals have been evaluated through the 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design strategies defined by Browning et al., 2014 and the results presented descriptively with the use of tables. The findings showed low consideration of these principles in health facilities of Nigeria and further gives pointers on how Biophilic design strategies could be applied in design for positive outcomes.Item Restorative Design Factors for Postnatal Hospital Environment: A Survey of Two Hospitals in Nigeria(International Journal of Science Academic Research, 2023-05-26) Lawal, Lateef AdemolaIn many developed countries and increasingly in developing countries, birth occurs in hospitals. Research in the childbirth environment suggests that the physical hospital environment affects a woman’s labour and birth including postnatal recovery experiences. Healthcare facilities with softer, peaceful environments such as artwork displays in the interiors and noise-proof spaces can influence patients’ healing process and offer support to new mothers during the postnatal phase. Existing childbirth environments studies have been mainly from developed countries; they have been least investigated in developing countries. Additionally, most studies are focused on the labour and birth rooms not on the postnatal hospital environment. Research also suggests a need to explore physical childbirth environments that are valued by women from culturally diverse backgrounds to gain insights into design features in the environment that enhance a positive labour and birth, and especially postnatal recovery experience. This study examined the design factors in the hospital environments for postnatal recovery experience using a survey questionnaire among 140 postnatal women who gave birth at two Nigerian hospitals. The findings of this empirical study support the need for a restorative postnatal hospital environment and spaces that potentially contribute to physical recovery of women and their wellbeing experiences after childbirth.Item Distribution and Access to Urban Infrastructure by Residential Property Occupiers in Minna, Nigeria(African Journal of Housing and Sustainable Development, University of Lagos., 2022-12-05) Ogunbajo, Rukaiyat Adeola; Lawal, Lateef Ademola; Olabisi, Sulaiman AdesojiUrban infrastructure encompasses the essential amenities, facilities, and services that make life easy and comfortable for residents within neighbourhoods. The provision of nine basic urban amenities across thirteen neighbourhoods in Minna, and measurement of access to amenities by households are the points of evaluation in this study. A total of 1,134 housing units were sampled using the stratified and systematic random sampling techniques. Data were generated from questionnaires, inspections and enumeration in the study area. Weighted mean scores were computed and indexed to determine overall accessibility to amenities. The location quotient (LQ) was used to estimate the degree of concentration of the amenities, while the Welch adjusted analysis of variance tested for a significant difference in the distribution of urban amenities across neighbourhoods. The adjusted Welch's F ratio was 2.959, which was significant at the 0.05 alpha level, suggesting an uneven distribution of amenities across neighbourhoods in the study area. This study emphasises that government at all levels should prioritise provision and development of amenities and also support efforts by communities regarding basic amenities and services.Item Methodological Insights from Using a Mixed Methods Design in the Study of a Restorative Postnatal Hospital Environment(Archiculture, University of Jos., 2023-03) Lawal, Lateef AdemolaThe patient-centred practice is an essential component in healthcare and the hospital environment play a vital role in its actualisation. Additionally, the interior space of a hospital can affect our perception of pain, restoration and wellbeing. Women, who use hospitals for birth, require sleep and rest crucial for their recovery and wellbeing. The unconducive and unrestful situations in hospitals, especially within the postnatal hospital layouts impact on recovery experiences and wellbeing of the new mothers. The short hospital stay following the birth implies that women need an optimum environment that can facilitate the rest and recovery experience while in hospitals. Best and ideal restorative postnatal design features to facilitate the rest and recovery experience for postnatal women are unclear. This study utilised a mixed methods design as a likely effective way to understand the intricacies of short hospital stay, interactions of design layout and women’s wellbeing postnatally. This methodological paper aims to provide insights that may be beneficial to researchers combining questionnaire surveys and focus groups as techniques in the study of an ideal hospital environment for optimum postnatal care. The paper discusses the process for engaging the participants (postnatal women and midwives), their backgrounds and experiences of the postnatal space, especially in large, tertiary hospitals, and how their rich, multiple perspectives contribute to an understanding of a restorative postnatal hospital environment. Best practices regarding design features that could be beneficial to care givers for effective and quality postnatal care for women prior to going home are presented.Item The Impact of Interactive Learning Spaces on Learning: A Mini Review(Multidisciplinary Academic Conference, University of Jos, 2022-09-30) Mustapha, Maryam; Lawal, Lateef AdemolaA vital answer to education demands in the twenty-first century has necessitated student-oriented teaching and learning environments. Meanwhile, the immediate surrounding has consistently been subjected to transformation and the notion which was once held t our environment is “that which surrounds us” can no longer hold because many a factor has pulled down the immediate walls that define physical boundaries with the internet taking the lead. As a result, there is an emergence of a new environment thriving on what humans can build, create or innovate making possible a dual existence in another realm called the “internet”. Meanwhile, Herczeg et al (2021) asserted that learning should be structured in such a way that learners can discover and learn modicums of knowledge on their own, especially in this era of sophisticated digital and virtual environments while the physical world serves as a platform for ground and evaluation thereby successfully bridging the physical and virtual learning platforms. This virtual learning platform is perceived as a means of easing the apprehension of arbitrated events by technology farther from using audio-visual aid, social networks, among others, which is leading to the imminent change of the traditional education (Morales-Salas & Montes-Ponce, 2019).