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Item Thermal Stability, Transparency, and Water Sensitivity Properties of Bleached, Cross-Linked Cassava Starch Film(Journal of Digital Food, Energy ans Water Systems (JD-FEWS), 0024) J. Y. JIYA; M. ABUBAKAR; I. A. JOSEPH; E. C. EGWIM; K. T. OBANIMOMOThis work investigates a novel study of the effect of bleaching and cross-linking cassava starch film. Native cassava starch was bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), cross-linking was carried out with oxidized sucrose, while glycerol was added to enhance the plasticity of the film. Operating temperature and time of 90 °C and 10 Minutes, respectively, adding 0.5 ml of glycerol gave the best bleached, cross-linked cassava starch film. UV-visible spectrophotometer analysis revealed that the cassava starch film produced at the above reaction conditions retained 88.2 % of its transparency at 96 hours of water immersion. The water solubility test shows that the film experienced 52.02 % weight loss after 96 hours of immersion in water. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows a significant improvement in the thermal stability with a Temperature peak (Tp) of 420.75 °C, compared to 374.13°C Tp of the control sample (unbleached, uncross-linked) of the cassava starch film.Item Optimization of Operating Parameters in the Extraction of Caustic Potash (KOH) from Palm Kernel Bunch (An Agricultural By-Product) Ash(Journal of Applied Science and Education (JASAE), 2001) Eterigho, E. J.Item Proper Funding of Technology Education Institutions: A Condition for Sustainable Development of Nigerian Youths(Journal of Vocational and Adult Education (JOVAE), 2006) Igwe, C. O.; Ibeneme, O. T.This paper identifies the funding needs of technology education, which include purchase of new equipment, training and retraining of technology education teachers among others. It also considers the tragic consequences of improper funding of technology education institutions on the sustainable development of Nigerian youths. Constraints to proper funding were explored. It was observed that poor image and sole funding of technology education by government constitute a cog in the wheel of development and advancement of technology education in Nigeria. Finally, a call was made for involvement of the communities, foreign aids, industries, and technology education institutions in funding technology education.Item Facilities Management: A Career for Architect Graduates and Implications for Curriculum Development(Journal of the Association of Architectural Educators in Nigeria, 2006-03) Aniya, Jonathan U.; Lawal, Lateef AdemolaThe challenge being faced by young architects in the present economic depression is so enormous that finding jobs seems a herculean task. This paper takes a look at facilities management as a career opportunity for architecture graduates. It underscores its importance as a key area where services can be offered to clients. This paper discovers that there is a wide gap which needs to be filled for facilities management to gain relevance in Nigeria. Proper inventories and relevant data on facilities management and creating awareness are suggested as methodological approaches toward job creation for the architect-graduates. It asserts that as a result of the changing world, architect graduates need to focus on other areas of human endeavour in order to develop a career in them. The paper concludes that due to changing needs and demands of the society, the contents of the education of architects need to be reviewed and updated. This, it opines, should accommodate facilities management into the curriculum of schools of architecture in Nigeria.Item Capacity Building for the Training of Undergraduate Architecture Students in the 21st Century: A Case of FUT Minna(Journal of the Association of Architectural Educators in Nigeria, 2007) Lawal, Lateef Ademola; Aniya, Jonathan Unya; Tauheed, Alhaji IsahThe role of facilities in any institution cannot be overemphasised. This is they constitute one of the critical tools for its development. The training of architecture students and the quality of graduates produced are dependent on, among other factors, the level of facilities (structural and technical) in place. However, strategic to this training are staff and buildings. This paper examines the need for capacity building for the training of architecture students in the Federal University of Technology, Minna. The paper traces the root for this need on the periodic admission policy of the university which has increased the student population making facilities on ground insufficient for staff and students respectively. The paper asserts that the School system (where facilities are shared among departments) in the university also plays a contributory role on the inadequacy of space. The paper proffers an upgrade of facilities on the one hand and academic staff development, on the other, to meet up with the existing gap.Item Collapse of Buildings and the Application of Law in Nigeria(Proceedings of the School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Gidan-Kwano campus,Minna, 2007-03-02) Lawal, Lateef Ademola; Lawal, Tajudeen AdeseyeThe spate of collapse of buildings in Nigeria is becoming more alarming and unprecedented, especially in the last one year resulting in an incalculable loss of human lives and materials. This paper takes a look at the issue of collapse of buildings and the application of law system in Nigeria. it examines the Lagos State Urban and Planning law as a tool to guarantee safe and healthy buildings in the building industry. Some of the causes of collapsed buildings are highlighted. This paper concludes that appropriate sanctions and punitive measures are needed to reduce the loss of both human lives and materials whenever a building collapses.Item Use of Computers as Alternative to Drawing Boards for the Training of Architecture Students in Nigeria(Journal of the Association of Architectural Educators in Nigeria, 2007-06) Abdulrahman, Mukaila E.; Lawal, Lateef AdemolaThe direct influence of computers is now universal. Computers are used in applications as diverse as running a farm, diagnosing a disease, designing and other life endeavours. Architecture is a course that cannot be left out in this global struggle to attain greater efficiency and scientific precision in its outputs. Various computer software have been developed for architectural designs just as there are various types of computer hardware suitable for different purposes. The paper examines the use of computer for architectural design at all levels as alternative to use of drawing boards. The paper sees the tool as efficient for the training of architecture students and calls for replacement of drawing boards with computers. By so doing architectural designs could be presented and assessed with computers as the trend in this scientific dispensation.Item Determination of Depth to Buried Magnetic Rocks under the Lower Sokoto Basin, Nigeria Using Aeromagnetic Data. Nigerian Journal of Physics N.J.P. Vol 19 No.2 Pp 275 - 283.(Nigerian Journal of Physics N.J.P., 2007-08) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, Udensi E.E. and A.G Agelaga (2007).The Total Aeromagnetic Data covering the study area was subjected to First Vertical Derivative, Spectral Depth Amalysis and Source Parameter Imaging. The result from the First Vertical Derivative shows the Northern part of the area is covered by the young biotite granite of precambrian origin, and the western edge is covered by the old granite, gneisses and migmatite of Western Nigeria, while the remaining area are covered by the cretaceous sedimentary deposits. The entire area was divided into forty eight sections Spectral Depth Analysis was run for each of these forty eight sections, the result shows that a maximum depth above 7 km was obtained within the cretaceous sediments of Idah, and Ankpa, and bellow Udegi at the middle of the study area. Minimum depth estimate between 188.0 to 452 meters were observe around the basement regions. Result from Source Parameter Imaging shows a minimum depth of 76.983 meters and a maximum thickness of sedimentation of 9.847 km, which also occur within Idah, Ankpa and Udegi axis. The disparity observes in depth obtained by each method is discussed base on the merit and demerit of each method, and the depth obtained were compared with result from previous researchers. Geophysical implication of the result to oil and gas exploration in the area is briefly discussed.Item Intelligent Buildings: Buildings as Robots(Journal of the Association of Architectural Educators in Nigeria, 2007-09) Tauheed, Alhaji Isah; Aniya, Jonathan U.; Lawal, Lateef AdemolaThose outside the construction industry often wonder how an assembly of inanimate building materials can be intelligent. The rapid evolution of information technology has led to the development of systems that can measure, evaluate and respond to change. An enhanced ability to control change has sparked developments in the way the physical environments are (particularly the buildings) are designed, resulting in significant growth in the area of intelligent buildings. Intelligent buildings can be likened to machines as they bear strong similarities to machines, in that they contain a myriad of mechanical, electrical, electronic, computing and communication devices. This paper examines the development of intelligent buildings as buildings controlled by machines or robots using high technology to optimise user comfort, energy consumption, safety and work efficiency; it discusses the benefits and the future of intelligent buildings with the purpose of advocating their rapid development in Nigeria.Item Teaching Business Skills to Architecture Students; A Case for Curriculum Change(Journal of the Association of Architectural Educators in Nigeria, 2007-09) Lawal, Lateef Ademola; Abdulrahman, Mukaila E.The 21st century is characterised by advancement in technology, communication and globalisation. Critical and imperative to this advancement is opportunity for people to compete. This paper takes a look at teaching of business skills to architecture students. It examines entrepreneurship approach as an avenue for the architecture students to create and develop their own businesses as a way of addressing unemployment after graduation. The paper recognises that technological changes have had their impact on the practice of architecture hence the need for students to be imbued with IT architecture skills to enable them perform various tasks. The paper further identifies the decline in the number of architectural design competitions in schools of architecture. These competitions are vehicles for promotion and exposure of budding talents, so the paper advocates for their organization and resuscitation in schools of architecture in Nigeria.Item Averting the Increasing Incidents of Collapsed Buildings: A Case of Architects and Allied Professionals in the Building Industry(Journal of Scientific and Industrial Studies, 2008) Abdulrahman, Mukaila E.; Lawal, Muhammad Bashir; Lawal, Lateef AdemolaIncidents of collapse of buildings have been on the increase and unprecedented in recent times. It could no longer be seen as accidents as the sporadic reoccurence cuts across the geopolitical zones of the country. The causes are multifarious, and in some cases, complex, but the signals normally persist from quite sometimes before resulting in collapse of the affected building. Sufficient literature exists as to the factors that led to the collapse of building, yet, little success has been recorded in preventing a reoccurrence of this sad situation. This paper reviews these factors in order to identify salient factors causing collapse of building structure. The need to have building maintenance manual as part of documents for assessing level of routine maintenance of the building and its installations as well as the role of stakeholders in averting the menace form the conclusion of the paper.Item Abandoned Building Projects: Source of Environmental Degradation(Journal of Environmental Research and Policies, 2008) Lawal, Lateef Ademola; Goshi, Sarah K.Buildings irrespective of size, form and function have an effect on observers and also on the physical environment. This effect could either be positive or negative. The issue of abandoned buildings in Nigeria is not a new phenomenon. Depending on how one looks at it, it represents a failure in that a specific goal has not been achieved. This paper examines abandoned buildings as sources of environmental degradation. It highlights factors that responsible for abandoned buildings as largely man-made, such as insufficient budget provision for the project and litigation among others. It presents findings on some of the abandoned buildings in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. The paper recommends reclaiming of titles by the government on the one hand, and periodic evaluation of distressed properties with a view to determining and preventing abandonment of buildings on the other.Item Technology Education: A Vehicle for Sustainable Youth Empowerment in Nigeria(SAMUTECH SERVICES LTD, 2008) Igwe, C. O.The technology objective of the National Policy on Education FRN (2004), centered on increasing the productive potential of the Nigerian youths thereby increasing the chances of producing better goods and services. The socio-economic development of Nigeria is strongly tied to effective implementation of technology education programme. Empowering the youths with relevant knowledge, productive skill and work habits, appear indispensable. This paper addressed technology education as a vehicle for sustainable youth empowerment. Strategies for this empowerment were discussed and recommendations made for its sustainability, among which are: organizing workshop/conferences on the “how to” and ‘benefits” of technology education, and encouraging young graduate on initial establishment of small scale trades were highlighted.Item Variations of Surface Radio Refractivity and Radio Refractive Index Gradients in the sub-Sahel(The Nigerian Journal of Space Research, 2009) K. C. Igwe and I. A. AdimulaMonthly variations of radio refractive index near the ground surface have been computed for a period of five years from 2000 to 2004 over Ilorin (8o 32”N, 4o 34”E). The data used was obtained from the University of Ilorin atmospheric observatory operating under the radiometric network of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN). Also, seasonal variations of radio refractivity with height of up to 10 km atmospheric layer above ground over Minna (9o 37’’N, 6o 30’’E) have been evaluated. The data used here are those obtained from daily radiosonde ascents made at 1200hrs local time for a period of five years from 1979 to 1983. The refractivity-altitude variation over Minna have been plotted with those of four other low latitude stations and an equation of the form N = NS exp (-0.11h) has also been deduced to predict values of refractivity, N for these stations up to a height, h of about 2 km above ground, for a given surface refractivity, NS. The values of refractive index gradients computed showed that the atmosphere over Minna was subrefractive during the dry season and superrefractive during the wet season periods of the years.Item Survey of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity in Sachet water Hawked in Minna, Niger State.(2009) Kolo, M. T.,; Baba-kutugi; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Sharifat, I.Item ESTIMATION OF PATIENTS’ ORGAN DOSES AND CONCEPTUS DOSES FROM SELECTED X-RAY EXAMINATIONS IN TWO NIGERIA X-RAY CENTRES(OXFORD, 2009-01-06) OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; OGUNDARE F,O,Nigeria X-ray centres, Niger State General Hospital (NGH) and Two-Tees (TTX), are reported. Air kerma was measured, and entrance surface dose (ESD) and half-value layer estimated for each set of tube potential (kVp), focus to skin distance and current–time product (mAs) used for each of the patients included in this study. Results show that the mean air kerma in the two centres are similar for the three projections considered in this study. Organ doses ranged from <0.01 to 2.18 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 1.29 mGy in TTX for examinations of the abdomen, from <0.01 to 0.20 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 0.13 mGy in TTX for examinations of the skull and from <0.01 to 3.90 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 1.96 mGy in TTX for examinations of the chest. Generally, no significant difference is seen between the organ doses of male and female patients. In NGH, organ doses are generally greater than those from TTX for the three examinations. The mean ESDs for examinations of the chest postero-anterior, abdomen antero-posterior (AP) and skull AP are, respectively, 5.37, 6.28 and 4.24 mGy in NGH, and 5.82, 5.33 and 4.76 mGy in TTX. The ESDs reported in this study, except for examinations of the chest, are generally lower than comparable values published in the literature. Conceptus doses were also estimated for female patients using normalised published conceptus dose data for abdomen examinations. The estimated conceptus doses were >1 mGyeven when the conceptus was located 12 cm below the surface of the abdomen.Item PATIENT ENTRANCE SKIN DOSES AT MINNA AND IBADAN FOR COMMON DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS(BAYERO UNIVERSITY, 2009-06-14) SHARIFAT I; OLARINOYE, OYELEKEEntrance surface dose from two diagnostic x-ray centers in Nigeria for three common radiological examinations is presented in this study. Entrance surface doses for 294 patients drawn from Niger state hospital Minna and Two-Tees x-ray centre, Ibadan are included in this dose survey. The air kerma for each patient was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeter chips (TLD-100). The air kerma for each patient was then multiplied by a back scatter factor of 1.35 to obtain the Entrance surface dose. Generally doses obtained in this study were found to be higher than those in published works and International Atomic Energy Agency recommended limits for chest examination. The range factor at Niger State General Hospital was as high as 12 in some cases but as low as 1 in most cases at Two-Tees X-ray center. The doses obtained for skull and abdomen examination were found to be within acceptable International Atomic Energy Agency recommended limit.Item The Benefits of Renewable Energy Sources in the Built Environment(Journal of Environmental Studies and Policy Analysis, 2009-07) Lawal, Lateef AdemolaThe importance of energy in the built environment cannot be over-emphasised. in Nigeria, energy is being supplied to every home and built up areas through fossil fuels and hydro systems. The supplies of energy through these systems are not only unreliable but also have inherent dangers associated with their use with attendant pollution of the environment. Despite this shortcoming, most countries of the world ironically, still continue to rely on these sources for their energy supply. This paper seeks to explore other renewable sources of energy that can be used in the built environment. It examines solar energy as a veritable alternative for Nigeria because of the abundance supply of sunlight in the country, which has not been optimally utilised. It presents the experiences of countries in Africa and North America who have adopted the use of solar energy in their various communities. The paper gives suggestions toward ensuring adequate and affordable electricity in the built environment.Item Peoples’ Attitude toward Property Tax Payment in Minna(West Africa Built Environment Research (WABER) Conference. C/o School of Construction Management and Engineering University of Reading, Reading, UK, 2010) Ayoola Adeyosoye BabatundeThis work examines people’s attitude toward tax payment in Minna. Data were collected via sets of questionnaire and interview conducted in Minna, the capital of Niger state. Findings revealed that, 90.5% of the respondents pay tax generally, out of which 71.5% is personal income tax while property related taxes stood at 9.4%. Sampling people’s willingness to pay tax, 41.6% are willing to pay while 52.6% are not willing to pay. Property rate is the major property tax in operation in Minna. Severance tax, site value rating, special land taxes and betterment tax are not in operation in Minna. The respondents advanced reasons for their lack of interest in paying tax to include lack of awareness, ignorance, and corrupt government officials among others. The paper recommends measures for creating positive people’s attitude toward property tax payment and strengthening the existing property generated revenue with the view to accelerating development projects most especially at the local government level.Item Geographical Information System (GIS) Based Analysis of Urban Trip Distribution Forecast of Bida Town(Lapai International Journal of Management and Social Sciences (LIJOMASS), 2010) Musa, Haruna D.; Mohammed Bala BankiThe purpose of this research was to study the urban home trips distribution using the Geographic Information System (GIS) tool based on the mobility surveys conducted in Bida town in 2007. The pattern of trip distribution is a basic tool necessary for planning formation and implementation in the transportation system. The problem of transportation within a township can only be resolved when proper and effective information on transportation is available. Bida township will contribute immensely to the scarce knowledge if a base is available for transportation planning. A mobility survey was conducted with a structured questionnaire designed and administered at various defined destinations; questionnaires were collected in trip count, generation and attraction at each zone. The town is divided into four zones: Zone 1 (include the institutional areas consist of Federal Polytechnic and College of Administration and Business study(CABS), Zone 2 (include the Wadata/Local Government Area; the administrative area of Bida town), Zone 3 (Federal Medical Centre/School of Nurse Area; the zone consists of public institutions). The trip production and the relative attractiveness for days (Monday and Friday; the hours)in December 2009 are generated. The inter-zonal travel times were calculated using the gravity model. The research revealed that landuse is a determinant factor; there exists a high level of attractiveness in Eso FMC/School of Nursing and Bida Poly/Cabs, respectively. With Esso haven thee the highest level of attraction of 332.51(50.34%), being a commercial landuses, followed by institutions.