School of Electrical Engineering and Technology (SEET)

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School of Electrical Engineering and Technology (SEET)

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4.3 Game-theoretic solutions for resource allocation and tracking
(UDRC, 2018-10-10) Anastasios Deligiannis, Abdullahi Daniyan, Gaia Rossetti, Sangarapillai Lambotharan, Jordi Barr
A Comparison of Code Maintainability in Agile Environment
(IUP Journal of Information Technology, 2016-06-01) Mary Adebola Ajiboye; Matthew Sunday Abolarin; Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga
The demand for quick delivery of quality software is becoming high among software clients due to the fast changing technology in the dynamic world. Agile software development meets this demand and has gained appropriate and wide acceptance among software practitioners. However, the quality of such software is greatly impacted by its maintainability. Unfortunately, existing works focused only on the flexibility aspect of maintainability without paying attention to timely delivery. In this work, maintainability as a function of time to correct codes was examined among various categories of software developers. Deliberate errors, ranging from two to nine, were introduced into sets of agile codes written in python programming language and given to 100 programmers, each in the groups of individual junior, individual expert, random, expert pairs, junior pairs and junior expert pairs. The results revealed that random pair programmers spent the highest time of 21.88 min/bug on the average, while individual experts spent the least time of 16.26 min/bug.
A delay-aware spectrum handoff scheme for prioritized time-critical industrial applications with channel selection strategy
(Elsevier, Computer Communications, 2019-05-11) Oyewobi S. Stephen; Gerhard P. Hancke; Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz; Adeiza Onumanyi
Cognitive radio has emerged as an enabling technology in the realization of a spectrum-efficient and delaysensitive industrial wireless communication where nodes are capable of responding in real-time. However, particularly for time-critical industrial applications, because of the link-varying channel capacity, the random arrival of a primary user (PU), and the significant delay caused by spectrum handoff (SH), it is challenging to realize a seamless real-time response which results in a quality of service (QoS) degradation. Therefore, the objectives of this paper is to increase spectrum utilization efficiency by allocating channel based on the priority of a user QoS requirements, to reduce SH delay, to minimize latency by preventing avoidable SHs, and to provide real-time response. To achieve an effective spectrum utilization, we proposed an integrated preemptive/non-preemptive priority scheme to allocate channels according to the priority of user QoS requirements. On the other hand, to avoid significant SH delays and substantial latency resulting from random PU arrival, a unified spectrum sensing technique was developed by integrating proactive sensing and the likelihood estimation technique to differentiate between a hidden and a co-existence PU, and to estimate the mean value of the busy and the idle periods of a channel respectively. Similarly, to prevent poor quality channel selection, a channel selection technique that jointly combines a reward system that uses metrics, e.g. interference range, and availability of a common channel to ranks a set of potential target channels, and a cost function that optimizes the probability of selecting the channel with the best characteristics as candidate channels for opportunistic transmission and for handoffs was developed. The simulation results show a significant performance gain of the delay-PritSHS in terms of number of SHs, Latency, as well as throughput for time-critical industrial applications in comparison to other schemes.
A Hybrid Web Caching Design Model for Internet-Content Delivery
(Covenant Journal, 2016) Alfa, A. A., Ogwueleka, F. N., Dogo, E. M., & Sanjay, M.
The need for online contents (or resources) to be shared and distributed in a large and sophisticated networks of users, geographical dispersed location of servers and their clients, time taken to fulfil clients requests pose major challenge. Therefore the choice of suitable architecture for Internet-based content delivery (ICD) technologies readily comes to mind. To achieve this, Akamai and Gnutella Web technologies are extensively reviewed to identify their strengths and weakness because of their popularity across the world for delivering contents. This new design for Internet-based content distribution is called AkaGnu because of the extra layer (Gnutella network) inserted into Akamai architecture, which provides greater Internet edge over each technology deployed independently. The paper presents a new ICD technology that performs better than Akamaisystem as a result of new features and behaviours introduced that reduce network traffic, more clients Internet connectivity, increase file sharing, improved speed of contents deliveries, and enhanced network security.
A Sensor-Based Data Acquisition System for Soil Parameters to Determine Suitable Crops
(2023) Abisoye, B. O.; Dogo, E. M.; Umar, B. U.; Mamman, I. Z.
Soil parameters monitoring is significant in sustainable crop and food production. The standard strategy of soil parameters monitoring in developing and underdeveloped nations uses manual labor, resulting in wrong decisions in soil management. Inaccurate measurements due to sensor miscalibration or low sensor quality can lead to incorrect soil management decisions and negatively impact crop yield and environmental sustainability. Due to the mentioned challenges, this work aims to develop a Sensor-based Data Acquisition System for Soil Parameters that will enable users to observe various soil parameters like temperature, humidity, water level and soil pH. The system was developed using the combination of hardware and software components. The hardware component comprises of sensory and processing parts. The study calibrates sensors using known pH, moisture, and temperature values for specific crops to grow in Nigeria. The system will aid farmers in determining suitable crops for their farmland and increasing crop yield. The system collects data through a network of sensors installed in the soil and wirelessly transmits the data to a cloud-based server. The collected data is then analyzed and visualized in through a web-based dashboard, providing farmers with information about the state of their soil. The performance evaluation of the system was carried out using response time and accuracy. The average response time of the system was 4 seconds, and the percentage error for temperature and humidity readings when compared to weather forecast readings were 8.20% and 5.08%, respectively. The results show that the proposed system can provide accurate and reliable measurements of soil parameters and can be easily deployed and operated by small-scale farmers. Using this system can result in improved crop yields, reduced wastage, and better overall efficiency in agricultural operations.
A Spectrum Management Strategy for Visible Light Communications Using an Adaptive Threshold Approach
(SATNAC 2021 conference, 2021-11-24) Oyewobi S. Stephen; K. Djouani; A. Kurien
The accessibility of network resources is the primary criteria used to perform handover in existing handover strategies in communication systems. Moreover, the access technique approach implemented in visible light communications (VLC) which utilizes the availability of the channel as the sole criteria for handover instead of the capacity of the channel to support QoE of nodes leads to frequent handovers and poor QoE performance. In this work, the use of adaptive threshold-fixing is proposed to dynamically fix the trigger threshold for handover to match the minimum QoE constraints of the VLC node. Therefore, a node will remain in its current channel as long as the minimum QoE requirements are supported by the present channel. Hence, nodes will only handover if the current channel does not support the least QoE constraints of specific node applications and new channels with better QoE are available. To achieve this, the proposed algorithm dynamically adjusts the handover triggering threshold based on link information extracted from channel at discrete time to meet the minimum QoE constraints of node applications instead of switching to a new available channel. The proposed alogorithm is implemented using Monte Carlo simulations of different VLC scenarios and is compared with a reactive spectrum handoff strategy. Simulations results of the proposed strategies demonstrate a significant reduction of spectrum handoffs while maintaining better throughput for node applications.
Adaptive Interference Avoidance and Mode Selection Scheme for D2D-Enabled Small Cells in 5G-IIoT Networks
(IEEE, 2024-02-10) Gbadamosi, Safiu Abiodun,; Hancke, Gerhard Petrus; Abu-Mahfouz Adnan M.
Small cell (SC) and device-to-device (D2D) communications can fulfill high-speed wireless communication in indoor industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) services and cell-edge devices. However, controlling interference is crucial for optimizing resource sharing (RS). To address this, we present an adaptive interference avoidance and mode selection (MS) framework that incorporates MS, channel gain factor (CGF), and power-allocation (PA) techniques to reduce reuse interference and increase the data rate of IIoT applications for 5G D2D-enabled SC networks. Our proposed approach employs a two-phase RS algorithm that minimizes the system’s computational complexity while maximizing the network sum rate. First, we adaptively determine the D2D user mode for each cell based on the D2D pair channel gain ratios of the cellular and reuse mode. We compute the CGF for each cell with a D2D pair in reuse mode (RM) to select the reuse partner. Then we determine the optimal distributed power for the D2D users and IoTuser equipment using the Lagrangian dual decomposition method to maximize the network sum rate while limiting the interference power. The simulation results indicate that our proposed approach can maximize system throughput and signal-to-interference plus noise ratio, reducing signaling overhead compared to other algorithms
Air Gap Length and Maximum and Minimum Inductance of A Double-Salient Reluctance Machine (DSRM) using The Developed Analytical Algorithm
(International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2022-03-12) Enesi Asizehi Yahaya; Ajah Victor; Emenike Chinedozi Ejiogu
In this paper an algorithm is developed to predict the maximum and minimum inductance of an optimized pole arc of a fabricated double salient reluctance machine (DSRM). The developed analytical algorithm investigates the air gap length at the maximum and minimum inductances. These are achieved through the machine rotor pole arc, stator pole arc, bore diameter, back iron thickness, rotor yoke thickness, stack length, and rotor pole diameter. The validity of the newly developed analytical procedures for predicting the maximum and minimum inductances was evaluated using the measurements obtained from the machine prototype. There was a good correlation between the analytical and experimental results. Inductances and air gap lengths of 2/2 DSRM of equal stator and rotor pole width and stator pole width greater than the rotor pole width were investigated and analyzed using the developed algorithm. A second existing DSRM with different numbers of stator and rotor poles whose inductances have been known and compared with finite element analysis (FEA) is chosen to verify the algorithm developed. The 2/2 DSRM’s potential to sustain oscillation during energy conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy is investigated
An Intelligent Financial Fraud Indication System Using Fuzzy Logic
(African Journal of Computing & ICT, 2014-06-22) Maliki, D., Aibinu, A. M., & Olaniyi, O. M
The issue of financial fraud is taking different dimensions in various countries due to rise in fraud enabling factors emanating from internal and external challenges. The internal challenges from unemployment rate depend on overpopulation, poor standard of living and nature of existing leadership of government. Recent advancement in modern technology and increase in tourist activities have contributed to the existing external challenges. In this paper, an intelligent financial fraud indication system using fuzzy logic is proposed, which involves the use of fuzzy arithmetic, fuzzy degree of association, fuzzy inference, fuzzy rules and different surface plot in determination of different relationship as it relate to certain choice of inputs. The selected input indices were meant to determine how certain degree of changes in inputs can affect the nature of fraud indication. The proposed system also depends on fraud enabling factors in the determination of appropriate fraud indication level. From the results obtained, it is shown that people from areas with high population, high political activities and high education are likely to be engaged in more financial fraud compare to an area in which population, political activities and education are low
Analysis of non-salient pole synchronous generator using phasor diagrams
(Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 2014-12-25) Yahaya Asizehi ENESI; Adamu Murtala ZUNGERU; Isah Agbogunde ADEMOH
In this paper, various performance equations are derived from phasor diagrams of a three phase non-salient pole (cylindrical rotor) synchronous generator of known armature resistance and of ignored armature resistance for lagging, unity and leading power factor load. These equations are used to calculate the output parameters of non-synchronous generator and to plot the graphs of terminal voltage-armature current, torque angle-armature current, torque angle-terminal voltage, power-torque angle and torque-speed characteristics through simulation by MATLAB program for the purpose of illustration.
Automatic Photovoltaic Solar Panel Dust Cleaning System
(IGI Global, 2021) Shibane, N.; Nwulu, N.; Dogo, E. M.
Renewable energy sources are currently regarded as viable options for stabilizing the energy crisis globally as well as addressing global warming challenges. Solar energy is the most promising and sustainable energy source as compared to other renewable energy sources such as coal, nuclear, wind, gas, and hydro energy. The increasing demand for solar panels should be reason enough to investigate ways in which we can increase their efficiency as much as possible. Dust, dirt, and bird dropping are major factors that can affect the performance of solar panel systems. This work presents the development of a solar panel cleaning system that automatically detects dust particles and cleans the solar panel to ensure the continues efficiency of the solar system is at an optimal level. The system comprises of five subsystems: dust sensing, water pumping, microcontroller, cleaning mechanism, and the power system. Tests carried out on the system shows its quick response to signals and effectiveness in cleaning the solar panel whenever dust particles are detected.
Available Transmission Transfer Efficiency (ATTE) as an Index Measurement for Power Transmission Grid Performance
(2015-05-25) Ahmad Abubakar Sadiq; Mark N. Nwohu; Jacob Tsado; Ahmad A. Ashraf; Agbachi E. Okenna; Enesi E. Yahaya; Ambafi James Garba
Transmission system performance analysis is vital to proper planning and operations of power systems in the presence of deregulation. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are often used as measure of degree of performance. This paper gives a novel method to determine the transmission efficiency by evaluating the ratio of real power losses incurred from a specified transfer direction. Available Transmission Transfer Efficiency (ATTE) expresses the percentage of real power received resulting from inter-area available power transfer. The Tie line (Rated system path) performance is seen to differ from system wide (Network response) performance and ATTE values obtained are transfer direction specific. The required sending end quantities with specified receiving end ATC and the receiving end power circle diagram are obtained for the tie line analysis. The amount of real power loss load relative to the available transfer capability gives a measure of the transmission grid efficiency
Blockchain and Internet of Things-Based Technologies for Intelligent Water Management System
(Springer, 2019) Dogo, E.M., Salami, A.F., Nwulu, N.I., Aigbavboa, C.O.
Water is a critical and indispensable resource for the sustainability of life, economic development, and the environment. According to the United Nations (UN) estimates, 70% of the world’s population will live in cities by the year 2025, and the current centralized piped infrastructure relied upon by water utilities will be inadequate. Leveraging on the advancement in emerging blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and sensor technologies offers a means for efficient water management. In this era of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), human creativity will be a critical requirement in this regard. This chapter explores the impact of blockchain and IoT on water management and examines the feasibility of its adoption in multiple case scenarios and instances such as stormwater management, water quality monitoring and reporting directly to consumers and other relevant stakeholders, and smart payment and contract, in order to sustainably deal with the challenges of global water crisis induced by climate change and rapid population growth. This chapter makes special and unique emphasis on the relevance of the research through an African perspective and view. Furthermore, the technical advantages, socioeconomic gains, and technological benefits of synergizing blockchain and IoT such as enhanced security and transparency, reduced operational cost, overall efficiency, and other merits are expatiated.
Blockchain for securing electronic voting systems: a survey of architectures, trends, solutions, and challenges
(Springer, 2025) Ohize, H. O.; Onumanyi, A. J.; Umar, B. U.; Ajao, L. A.; Isah, R. O.; Dogo, E. M.; Nuhu, B. K.; Olaniyi, O. M.; Ambafi, J. G.; Sheidu, V. B.; Ibrahim, M. M.
Electronic voting (e-voting) systems are gaining increasing attention as a means to modernize electoral processes, enhance transparency, and boost voters’ participation. In recent years, significant developments have occurred in the study of e-voting and blockchain technology systems, hence reshaping many electoral systems globally. For example, real-world implementations of blockchain-based e-voting have been explored in various countries, such as Estonia and Switzerland, which demonstrates the potential of blockchain to enhance the security and transparency of elections. Thus, in this paper, we present a survey of the latest trends in the development of e-voting systems, focusing on the integration of blockchain technology as a promising solution to address various concerns in e-voting, including security, transparency, auditability, and voting integrity. This survey is important because existing survey articles do not cover the latest advancements in blockchain technology for e-voting, particularly as it relates to architecture, global trends, and current concerns in the developmental process. Thus, we address this gap by providing an encompassing overview of architectures, developments, concerns, and solutions in e-voting systems based on the use of blockchain technology. Specifically, a concise summary of the information necessary for implementing blockchain-based e-voting solutions is provided. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in blockchain systems, which aim to enhance scalability and performance in large-scale voting scenarios. We also highlight the fact that the implementation of blockchain-based e-voting systems faces challenges, including cybersecurity risks, resource intensity, and the need for robust infrastructure, which must be addressed to ensure the scalability and reliability of these systems. This survey also points to the ongoing development in the field, highlighting future research directions such as improving the efficiency of blockchain algorithms and integrating advanced cryptographic techniques to further enhance security and trust in e-voting systems. Hence, by analyzing the current state of e-voting systems and blockchain technology, insights have been provided into the opportunities and challenges in the field with opportunities for future research and development efforts aimed at creating more secure, transparent, and inclusive electoral processes.
Cloud-based IoT monitoring system for poultry farming in Nigeria
(Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria, 2020-01-04) Gbadamosi, Safiu Abiodun
The monitoring of environmental parameters of poultry farm using IoT applications is no longer a new research area in the field of engineering. However, the cost of implementing most of the reviewed research work seams unaffordable to rural farmers in Nigeria. This could limit the adoption and usage of such devices. In this paper, we present a cost effective cloud-based IoT monitoring system for poultry farming. The system uses two vital weather parameters- temperature and humidity. The methodology adopted, employed the use of DHT11 sensor (a temperature and humidity sensor) to note every change in temperature and humidity data of the farm environment. The sensed data were extracted, sampled and processed by the microcontroller before transmitting the data to a remote cloud server through the WiFi module. The cloud server (Thingspeak) received the sensed data, analysed the data and plot the data graphically. The plotted graph is viewed from a computer or any smart devices. The result indicates that temperature and humidity values range between 33-38°C and 31-33mmHg respectively. Furthermore, the results show that the device is efficient in monitoring the two environmental parameters. Therefore, the efficiency of the system will no doubt provide much quicker and accurate information about change in temperature and humidity data of farm environment.
Cognitive Radio Networks, a Key Technology of Future Wireless Communication: Challenges and Opportunities
(IUP Journal of Telecommunications, 2012-11-01) Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga; Yinusa Ademola Adediran
It is a well-known and established fact that the current approach of fixed spectrum allocation, the command-and-control model, makes the spectrum or the finite resource to be grossly underutilized or inefficient. There are so many bands of the spectrum already licensed to users but which in reality are unoccupied at some instance in time thereby creating spectrum holes. These are 'opportunities' that could be harnessed. Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising technology being envisioned to solve the problem of spectrum underutilization and allows for real-time spectrum management. The CR, in a non-interference basis, opportunistically explores the unused channel, thereby ensuring efficient usage of this 'scarce' resource. The CR is a sure technology for the next generation wireless systems. In a CR, a licensed user, also called a Primary User (PU), has a priority over the Secondary User (SU) which has no spectrum license. Therefore, at the arrival of a PU, an opportunistic SU vacates the occupied channel and seeks another empty channel to be allocated. In this way, spectral efficiency is greatly enhanced. In this work, we examine the challenges that this new technology is bound to face.
Combating Road Traffic Congestion with Big Data: A Bibliometric Review and Analysis of Scientific Research
(Springer, 2021) Dogo, E.M.; Makaba, T.; Afolabi, O.J.; Ajibo, A.C.
Road traffic congestion is one of the challenging problems confronting city dwellers globally. It is majorly caused by either one or a combination of recurrent congestion, nonrecurrent congestion, and pre congestion conditions in urban road networks. This chapter performs a bibliometric analysis and reviews the volume of literature linking big data with combating road traffic congestion between 2011 and 2020. The review employs a quantitative analysis of bibliometric science mapping tool to highlight features that affect knowledge accumulation. The chapter also reviews the intellectual structure of knowledge based on total publications and citations. The key scholars, documents, affiliations, regions, data, and algorithms that influenced the development of this research area are analyzed. The results of documents co-citation evaluation show that the key research clusters are salient elements linked with the development and deployment of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) technology. These research clusters are traffic flow prediction, congestion and accidents alert systems, security and privacy mitigation, vehicle emission profiles, travel time estimation, optimization of vehicular routing, journey planning and congestion prediction, and travel and parking guidance. Finally, the chapter presents the way forward and future research direction for sustainable road traffic management in the context of smart city initiatives leveraging on big data.
Coordination of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems and Distributed Generation in a Synthetic Co-simulation of Transmission and Distribution Network
(Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems (TEPES), 2024-02) Ahmad, Abubakar Sadiq; Yusuf, Latifa; Muhammad, Buhari; Sanusi Sani Adamu; James, Garba Ambafi
In ensuring sustainable power delivery under rapid growth in demand, modern power grids are characterized by advanced solutions such as flexible alternat ing current transmission systems and distributed generation. However, flexible alternating current transmission systems and distributed generations are often planned by their respective system operators, ignoring their coordination and impacting system-wide performance. This paper develops a bi-level optimization approach for flexible alternating current transmission systems and distributed generation coordination in an integrated transmission and distribution network to improve available transfer capability, power losses, and voltage deviation. The approach comprises inner and outer optimization. Inner optimization imple ments a hybrid of particle swarm optimization and Active Power Flow Performance Index for flexible alternating current transmission systems’ planning. At the same time, the outer optimization employs multi-objective particle swarm optimization, which targets distributed generation planning at the distribution network—the integrated transmission and distribution network models’ both transmission and distribution section. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach, two models of distributed generations, only real power and real and reactive power injections, were separately coordinated with a thyristor-controlled series compensator and static synchronous series compensator. Results show superior available transfer capability enhancement with thyristor-controlled series compensator−power injectionsDG and static synchronous series compensator−power injectionsDG, compared to the non-coordinated scenario. Pareto front plots of available transfer capability, power losses, and voltage deviation are such that after some maximum available transfer capability, the slope of the Pareto approaches zero.
COVID-19 - Environment, Economy, And Energy: Note from South Africa
(JCR, 2021) Daniel R.E. Ewim; Oyewobi S. Stephen; Sogo M. Abolarin
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) started in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread to other parts of the world at lightning speed leaving devastating effects in its tracks. As a result,governments in different countries imposed several contingency measures such as lockdown, stay at home, work from home, study and meet virtually, quarantine and closure of international borders to curtail the spread of the virus and to flatten the curve of infection in their respective countries. Even though the containment measures had positive effects in curtailing the spread and flattening the curve of the COVID-19 pandemic there are also negative aspects such as the closure of businesses, loss of jobs, economic uncertainty and depression. Many articles have been written in the medical field related to the pandemic,however, there has been no study on the impact of the pandemic with respect to the environment, energy, and economy in South Africa. Thisinitial study uses COVID-19 data collected from social media and network services in South Africa to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the environment, economy and energy.
Determination of the Wire size of a Three phase Squirrel cage Induction Motor with a Missing Nameplate
(The Nigerian Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2014-06-29) Enesi Asizehi Yahaya; Mark Nwohu; Ayo Imoru; Tola Omokhafe; Ambafi .G. James
An empty stator of a squirrel cage induction motor rated at 220/380V, 50Hz with a missing nameplate and without winding has been lying down in a factory for so long and now the factory wants to use it for production purposes. This is a motor whose class protection degree is IP44, IP54 or IP55. This paper presents a method of determining the wire size (diameter) required to rewind the motor to its full rating power capacity. With motor nameplate and using National Electrical Code (NEC) and National Manufacturers Association (NEMA) specifications, the diameter of the wire can be determined. In the absence of the nameplate and the windings, the motor is difficult to rewind in order to obtain its desired characteristics. This can be achieved by the measurement of main dimensions of motor stator, using standard rating specifications, standard performance curves and analytical method.