School of Physical Sciences (SPS)

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School of Physical Sciences (SPS)

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    COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM IRISH AND SWEET POTATO PEELS BY HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION PROCESSES USING Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    (FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, www.ftstjournal.com, 2021-10-12) Bisiriyu, Muhammad Taoheed; Habu, Christopher; Amos, Pigweh Isa; Amunike, Perpetual Chiamaka; Isah, Abdulrahman Adamu
    The quest for green and sustainable sources of energy has led to various studies on the production of biofuels such as bioethanol from different agricultural materials. This study presents a comparative analysis of bioethanol produced from Sweet and Iris potato using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). 5.00, 10.00, and 15.00 g each of the Sweet and Irish potato peels were hydrolyzed using dilute acid (5% H2SO4). A dried baker’s yeast strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was subsequently introduced to ferment the substrates for 7 days. The bioethanol yield, average bioethanol yield, density, and proximate composition of the substrates were determined. The yield of bioethanol for Sweet potato peels at 5.00, 10.00, and 15.00 g were 43.50, 64.50 and 82.00 cm3 while for Irish potato peel at 5.00, 10.00 and 15.00 g were 22.00, 41.50, and 59.00 cm3, respectively. The average bioethanol yield for Sweet potato and Irish potato peels were 63.33 and 40.83%, while the density for Sweet and Irish potato peels were 0.853 and 0.891 g/cm3, respectively. The proximate composition for Sweet potato peel was 5.10±0.01% moisture, 4.00±0.023% ash, 2.99 ± 0.044% lipid, 3.50±0.03% fiber, 7.00±0.05% protein, and 77.41±0.01% carbohydrate while for Irish potato peel were 8.75± 0.63% moisture, 3.55± 0.05% ash, 4.48± 0.03 lipid, 4.50± 0.55% fiber, 4.38± 0.67% protein and 74.34±0.15% carbohydrate. Therefore potato peels can be harness as a potential feedstock for bioethanol production with Sweet potato peel having a higher yield of bioethanol compared to Irish potato due to higher carbohydrate content.
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    AN OPTIMIZED SINGLE-STEP BLOCK HYBRID NYSTRÖM-TYPE METHOD FOR SOLVING SECOND ORDER INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS OF BRATU-TYPE
    (African Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies, 2023-10-12) Ajinuhi J.O.; Mohammed U.; Enagi A.I.; JIMOH, OMANANYI RAZAQ
    In this paper, a global single-step implicit block hybrid Nyström-type method (BHNTM) for solving nonlinear second-order initial-boundary value problems of Bratu-type is developed. The mathematical derivation of the proposed BHNTM is based on the interpolation and multistep collocation techniques with power series polynomials as the trial function. Unlike previous approaches, BHNTM is applied without linearization or restrictive assumptions. The basic properties of the proposed method, such as zero stability, consistency and convergence are analysed. The numerical results from three test problems demonstrate its superiority over existing methods which emphasize the effectiveness and reliability in numerical simulations. Furthermore, as the step size decreases as seen in the test problems, the error drastically reduces, indicating BHNTM's precision. These findings underscore BHNTM's significance in numerical methods for solving differential equations, offering a more precise and dependable approach for addressing complex problems.
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    A Novel Seventh-Order Implicit Block Hybrid Nyström-Type Method for Second- Order Boundary Value Problems
    (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI), 2023-11-05) Joel Olusegun Ajinuhi; Umaru Mohammed; Abdullah Idris Enagi; JIMOH, OMANANYI RAZAQ
    This paper introduces a novel approach for solving second-order nonlinear differential equations, with a primary focus on the Bratu problem, which holds significant importance in diverse scientific areas. Existing methods for solving this problem have limitations, prompting the development of the Block Hybrid Nystrom-Type Method (BHNTM). BHNTM utilizes the Bhaskara points derived, using the Bhaskara cosine approximation formula. The method seeks a numerical solution in the form of a power series polynomial, efficiently determining coefficients. The paper discusses BHNTM's convergence, zero stability, and consistency properties, substantiated through numerical experiments, highlighting its accuracy as a solver for Bratu-type equations. This research contributes to the field of numerical analysis by offering an alternative, effective approach to tackle complex second-order nonlinear differential equations, addressing critical challenges in various scientific domains.
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    Computational Analysis of a one-dimensional nonlinear reactive contaminant flow with an initial continuous point source by homotopy-perturbation method.
    (Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics, 2012-11-05) Aiyesimi, Y. M.; JIMOH, OMANANYI RAZAQ
    In this paper, a Homotopy-perturbation analysis of a non–linear reactive contaminant flow equation with initial continuous point source is provided. The equation is described by advection, diffusion and adsorption. We assume that the adsorption term is modeled by Freudlich Isotherm. We provide an approximation of this equation using homotopy-perturbation transformation and solve the resulting linear equations analytically. The graphs of the concentration against the distance, reaction parameter and time are presented and analyzed to determine the effects of increase in the reaction coefficient, time and distance on the concentration. Findings from this research show that the concentration of the contaminant decreases with time and decreases faster when the value of the reaction parameter α is high.
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    Biostratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Wells BB-3, D-01 and BL-1X Deep Offshore, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria: Insights from Palynological Studies
    (Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2022-06) Usman, H.O.; Unuevho, C. I.; Chukwuma-Orji, J. N.; Alkali, Y. B.
    Biostratigraphic studies was carried out on BB-33, D-01 and BL-1X wells deep offshore Niger Delta Basin Nigeria. Palynological analysis was carried out on 295 ditch cuttings samples (BB-3 =82, D-01 =109, and BL-1X = 104). Open hole geophysical log data was also provided for the studied intervals 10700-15600 ft, 8060-16800 ft and 7900-13000 ft in BB-3, D-01 and BL-1X wells respectively belonging to the Agbada Formation. Lithologically, the section varies from alternation of sand and shale units with carbonaceous debris, mica flakes, ferruginised materials and glauconites at some intervals as accessory minerals. Palynomorphs recovered from the analyzed intervals were mainly Zonocotites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, fungal spores/hypae, species of Sapotaceoidaepollenites and Laevigatosporites and were found to dominate the microfloral assemblage of the analyzed intervals. Sphaeromorph, acritarch, species of Leoisphaeridia coupled with Pediastrium, Botryococuss, Operculodinium centrocarpum, Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Achomosphaera ramulifera, Spiniferites ramosus and indeterminate dinoflagellate cysts were the marine indicators present. Samples from the section are dated early Miocene to early Pliocene age based on the independent paleontological evidences. The deduced depositional environments of the strata penetrated by the wells range from outer neritic through bathyal to deep marine.
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    An Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Tudun Fulani, Niger State, Nigeria
    (Sule Lamido University Journal of Science and Technology (SLUJST), 2020-12) Bisiriyu, Muhammad Taoheed; Ganiyu, Mustapha Adekomi; Audu, Lawal Idris; Abdullahi, AbdulHakam Safiu; Animashaun, Iyanda Murtala
    groundwater is the main source of drinking water in Tudun Fulani community in Bosso, Niger State, Nigeria. Objective: this study was conducted to assess the physicochemical and heavy metal characteristics of groundwater used for drinking and other domestic purposes in the area with a view to determining its suitability for these purposes. Method: twelve water samples comprising of seven hand-dug wells and five boreholes were collected from different locations in the area. Physicochemical parameters (pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS), alkalinity, total hardness, chloride) and heavy metals (lead, manganese, copper and iron) contents were determined using standard methods. Results: the results showed that the pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, TSS, TS turbidity, alkalinity, total hardness and chloride ranged between 5.72 – 7.32, 252.5 – 1098 μS/cm, 58 – 11.35 mg/L, 0.001 – 0.108 mg/L, 1.05 – 7.33 NTU, 10.60 - 104.20 mg/L, 26.6 – 170.2 mg/L, and 28.17 – 86.9 mg/L, respectively. The heavy metal analysis revealed lead, manganese, copper, and iron to range between 0.001-0.009 mg/L, 0.01-0.28 mg/L, 0.010 - 0.050 mg/L and 0.100 – 0.430 mg/L, while manganese and lead were not detected in one and six of the samples, respectively. Conclusion: the values of the parameters analysed in this study were below and within the permissible limits set by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for most of the water samples investigated; hence, the groundwater is suitable for drinking and for other life-supporting activities. However, only four samples (W1,W5 W6, and W7) were within the range of 100 - 300 mg/L set by WHO for total hardness. In addition, the pH values of water samples W4, W5, B4, and B5 were below the recommended standard, while the electrical conductivity of W5, turbidity of W3, W5 and iron contents of W2 and W7 were above the maximum limit set by WHO. Therefore, it is recommended that the indiscriminate discharge of wastes be checked in locations of W2 and W7 as high iron content in drinking water poses serious health risks to consumers.
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    Quality Evaluation of Bottled Water Packaged within Niger State, Nigeria
    (Nigerian Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2020) Bisiriyu, Muhammad Taoheed; Ganiyu, Mustapha Adekomi; Ogwuche, Nelson Edache; Koleola, Abidemi Adedayo; Salau, Rasaq Bolakale
    Ten different brands of bottled water were procured from different regions of Niger State, Nigeria for this study. The labeling information, temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total hardness, chloride, alkalinity, lead, copper, manganese and iron contents of the water samples were determined using standard methods. The investigation revealed that the temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, chloride and alkalinity of the samples ranged between 26.5+0.50–28.0+0.00 oC, 6.20+0.09–7.33+0.30, 13.5+1.50– 317.5+1.50 µScm-1, 13-125 mg/L, 2.89 - 31.36 mg/L and 5-60 mg/L, respectively. Lead and copper were not detected in all the samples except SB10 with 0.01 mg/L of copper. Similarly, manganese was detected in six samples at concentrations between (0.02-0.08 mg/L) while iron ranged between 0.01-0.16 mg/L). The physical, chemical and heavy metals composition of the water samples complied with World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) permissible limits for drinking water except the pH of one sample (SB8) that was below the permissible limit. However, 60% of the brands had no manufacturing and expiry dates on their label as required by the Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Therefore, periodic evaluation and monitoring by concerned agencies should be intensified to ensure that bottled water producers in the state strictly adhere to the standard operating procedures
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    Fractionation and Characterization of Asphaltenic and Resinous Fractions of Natural Bitumen
    (Communication in Physical Sciences, 2020-04-14) Bisiriyu, M. T.; Idris, S.; Aliyu, H. G.; Muhammad, A. B.; Sokoto, A. M.; Abdulkarim, A. M. Abdulkarim
    In order to identify the fingerprints of some fractions in butimen and to study the changes that take place when heavy oil is upgraded, precipitation, fractionation, and characterization of asphaltenes and resins from natural bitumen were carried out using UV/vis and FTIR Spectroscopy. The sample was purified, and the asphaltenes fraction precipitated with n-hexane, fractionated into fractions A and B based on Solubility and polarity with hexane/toluene mixture at a fixed ratio while resins recovered from maltenes was fractionated into subfractions X, Y, Z by liquid adsorption chromatography on a silica/alumina adsorption column with dichloromethane/methanol mixed solvent in the ratio of 4:1, 3:2 and :2:3, respectively. The results showed that crude asphaltene and its subfractions absorbed light of longer wavelength (465 – 640 nm), indicating that they are made up of polynuclear aromatic compounds. The results also revealed the presence of alkyl side chains and major oxygenated groups in both crude asphaltene and its subfractions (A and B). The spectra of crude resin and its subfractions showed that they absorbed radiation of longer wavelength (490-580 nm), which are character of polynuclear aromatic compounds with the extended conjugated system. However, IR spectra revealed that all the fractions including the crude resin contained aromatic rings with alkyl side chains and oxygenated groups.
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    Stability Analysis of the Mathematical Modelling of Transmission and Control of Rabies Incorporating Vaccination Class
    (Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS),, 2022-03-12) Abdurrahman, Nurat Olamide; Somma, S. A.; Balogun R. T.; Eguda F. Y.; Adama, P. W.; Yisa E. M.
    Rabies is a viral disease of the nervous system that is often transmitted to human beings through the bite or scratch of rabid animals. The uprising of insecurity globally has forced several people to get dogs into their homes. This paper formulated the mathematical model of rabies transmission and control by incorporating vaccination class. The model's Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) state was obtained and used to compute the basic reproduction number R0. Local stability analysis of the DFE was carried out using Jacobian Matrix techniques. The DFE is locally asymptotically stable if R0 < 1.
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    Mathematical Modeling of the Spread of False Information within Social Media
    (Ilorin Journal of Science, 2024-10-15) Abdurrahman, Nurat Olamide; Ibrahim, M. O.; Ibrahim, J. O.
    One of the societal pollutions in our environment that requires overhauling intervention is the spread of false information. In this paper, we modelled the spread of rumor in a continuous and dynamic population of five compartments. We considered an incubation period which allows rumormongers to verify the authenticity of information received before spreading. Stability analysis of the rumor-free equilibrium (RFE) and the rumor-present equilibrium (RPE) was carried out. The RPE is a function of the reproduction number R0. In order to annihilate the rumor, the results suggest that we should reduce R0 continuously below 1. The results are numerically validated and discussed.