School of Physical Sciences (SPS)
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School of Physical Sciences (SPS)
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Item Exploring the dynamics of lymphatic filariasis through a mathematical model and analysis with Holling type II treatment functions(Iranian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Optimization, 2025-06) F. A. Oguntolu; O. J. Peter; B. I. Omede; T. A. Ayoola; G. B. BalogunThis paper presents a robust deterministic mathematical model incorporat-ing Holling type II treatment functions to comprehensively investigate the dynamics of Lymphatic filariasis. Through qualitative analysis, the model demonstrates the occurrence of backward bifurcation when the basic re-production number is less than one. Moreover, numerical simulations are employed to illustrate and validate key analytical findings. These simula-tion results emphasize the significance of accessible medical resources and the efficacy of prophylactic drugs in eradicating Lymphatic filariasis. The findings show that, enhancing medical resource availability and implement-ing effective treatment strategies in rural areas and regions vulnerable to Lymphatic filariasis is crucial for combating the transmission and control of this disease.Item Integrated 2D Geoelectric Prospecting for Gold Mineralization Potential Within Southern Part of Kebbi NW Nigeria(ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, 2024) Augie A. I; Salako K.A; Rafiu A. A; Jimoh M.OThis is a detailed geophysical research into the anomalous zones identified by pre vious aeromagnetic studies in the area. Integrated 2D geoelectric prospecting methods involving ERT, IP and SP techniques were used to delineate subsurface structure suitable for gold mineralization potential in parts of the Yauri, Shanga, and Magama areas of the states of Kebbi and Niger in the northwest Nigeria. The ERT, IP and SP measurements were carried out with a dipole-dipole configuration and the SuperSting resistivity meter. The research results revealed regions with low/high resistivity, high chargeability, and high SP values, which were identified as mineral potential zones. The ERT technique has helped to delineate regions with low resistivity anomalous which correspond to oxidized rocks associated with granite/quartzite veins. High resistivity range could exist over dyke structures associated with partially decomposed granite and quartzite, as in dicated by the geological setting and borehole log of the area. The IP technique revealed a high chargeability (≥ 20 milliseconds) in the study area, possibly due to the accumulation of metallic minerals in host rocks, such as gold. The SP technique has also helped to identify regions with high SP anomalies (≥20 mV), which are characterized by vein-bearing ore minerals. The integration of ERT, IP, and SP results revealed oxidized rock zones, dyke subsurface structures of decomposed quartzite, granite, gneiss, and ore mineral veins. These zones are located in the northwest Mararraba, the southwest Jinsani, and the southern Sabon Gari in Niger and Kebbi states. The areas could be considered a potential pathway for gold exploration and exploitation.Item Application of High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Data for Structural Frame Work of Zamfara Basement Complex,North Western Nigeria.(Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State – Nigeria, 2024) A.M. Narimi; A.A Rafiu; U.D. AlhassanZamfara state, located in the northwest of Nigeria, is regarded as one of the richest states in terms solid mineral abundance in Nigeria. Unofficial artisanal miners have found over 120 mining sites in the state. However, there is Insufficient knowledge of local and regional geology in the research area. High resolution aeromagnetic data were utilized to determine the depth of magnetic sources and basement tectonics. Clarifying the tectonic distribution of the basement complex and small portion of Sokoto sedimentary sequence within the research area is the aim of this investigation. Furthermore, this elucidation will help to differentiate the region's causative sources, which include contacts, faults, fractures, silk and dykes. Three approaches were compared for estimating the depth to magnetic sources namely: upward continuation, source parameter imaging, and Euler deconvolution. Euler deconvolution was upward continued to a distance of 1 km for (structural indexes 0 and 1, i.e., for contact and dyke) respectively. The map from these structural indexes exhibits similar patterns in terms of magnetic intrusive geological structures. Most magnetic structures and intrusive depth sources diminish at shallower range < 500 m while deeper sources > 1 km and 1.5 km were still present. The source parameter imaging produces the depth to the magnetic source, which ranges from 85.42 nT, which indicates a basement complex, to 1088.21 nT, which indicates a sedimentary basin. In addition to the subsurface geologic conditions, Visual inspection of the total horizontal derivative (THD), and tilt derivative (TD) revealed swift variations in the lithologic features and tectonic inferences as well as the subsurface geologic conditions. Three primary magnetic lithologic zones were identified from the analytical signal map classification: strong (> 0.051 nT/m), intermediate (0.016 to 0.051 nT/m), and low magnetic zones (< 0.016 nT/m). The lineament map, tilt derivative, and horizontal tilt derivative all showed the amplifications of various structural features (faults, fractures, and folds). These demonstrate the structural control of minerals in this research area.Item Mathematical analysis on the vertical and horizontal transmission dynamics of HIV and Zika virus co-infection(Elsevier BV, 2024-03) Benjamin Idoko Omede; Bolarinwa Bolaji; Olumuyiwa James Peter; Abdullahi A. Ibrahim; Festus Abiodun OguntoluThe co-infection of HIV and Zika virus (ZIKV) poses a complex and understudied health challenge, requiring a comprehensive investigation into the synergistic effects, potential complications, and the impact on affected individuals. Consequently, This paper introduces a novel deterministic mathematical model that examines the transmission dynamics of HIV and Zika virus co-infection, considering both vertical and horizontal transmission. The analysis begins with two sub-models: one for HIV-only and another for ZIKV-only. Qualitative examination indicates that the HIV only sub-model achieves a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium when the associated reproduction number is below unity. In contrast, the ZIKV only sub-model exhibits a backward bifurcation phenomenon, where both stable disease-free and stable endemic equilibria co-exist when the associated reproduction number of the ZIKV only sub-model is less than unity. Thus, the backward bifurcation property makes effective control of ZIKV infection in the population difficulty when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. It is shown, using the center manifold theory that the full HIV-ZIKV co-infection model undergoes the phenomenon of backward bifurcation. We carried out the sensitivity analysis of the HIV and ZIKV basic reproduction numbers to determine the parameters that positively influence the spread of the two diseases. It is also revealed that an increase in HIV infection in the population will positively influence the transmission of ZIKV. We validated the ZIKV only sub-model by fitting the ZIKV only sub-model to the confirmed cases of ZIKV data in Brazil. The outcome of the numerical simulations of HIV-ZIKV co-infection model reveals that the two diseases co-exist when their basic reproduction number surpasses one. Furthermore, increasing HIV treatment rate significantly reduces the burden of co-infection with the Zika virus.Item Optimizing tuberculosis control: a comprehensive simulation of integrated interventions using a mathematical model(Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications, 2024-09-30) Olumuyiwa James Peter; Afeez Abidemi; Fatmawati Fatmawati; Mayowa M. Ojo; Festus Abiodun OguntoluTuberculosis (TB) remains a formidable global health challenge, demanding effective control strategies to alleviate its burden. In this study, we introduce a comprehensive mathematical model to unravel the intricate dynamics of TB transmission and assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of diverse intervention strategies. Our model meticulously categorizes the total population into seven distinct compartments, encompassing susceptibility, vaccination, diagnosed infectious, undiagnosed infectious, hospitalized, and recovered individuals. Factors such as susceptible individual recruitment, the impact of vaccination, immunity loss, and the nuanced dynamics of transmission between compartments are considered. Notably, we compute the basic reproduction number, providing a quantitative measure of TB transmission potential. Through this comprehensive model, our study aims to offer valuable insights into optimal control measures for TB prevention and control, contributing to the ongoing global efforts to combat this pressing health challenge.Item Mathematical Modeling on the Transmission Dynamics of Diphtheria with Optimal Control Strategies(Department of Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, 2025-03-29) Festus Abiodun Oguntolu; Olumuyiwa James Peter; Benjamin Idoko Omede; Ghaniyyat Bolanle Balogun; Aminat Olabisi Ajiboye; Hasan S. PanigoroDiphtheria is an acute bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, characterized by the formation of a pseudo-membrane in the throat, which can lead to airway obstruction and systemic complications. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, diphtheria remains a significant public health concern in many regions, particularly in areas with low immunization coverage. In this study, we formulated and rigorously analyzed a deter ministic epidemiological mathematical model to gain insight into the transmission dynamics of Diphtheria infection, incorporating the concentration of Corynebacterium Diphtheriae in the environment. The analysis of the model begins with the computation of the basic reproduction number and the examination of the local stability of the disease-free equilibrium using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. An in-depth analysis of the model reveals that the model undergoes the phenomenon of backward bifurcation. This characteristic poses significant hurdles in effectively controlling Diph theria infection within the population. However, under the assumption of no re-infection of Diphtheria infection after recovery, the disease-free equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction num ber is less than one. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number was carried out in order to determine the impact of each of the model basic parameters that contribute to the transmission of the disease. Utilizing the optimal control theory to effectively curb the spread of Diphtheria, We introduced two time dependent control measures, to mitigate the spread of Diphtheria. These time dependent control measures represent preventive actions, such as public enlightenment campaign to sensitize and educate the general public on the dynamics of Diph theria and proper personal hygiene which includes regular washing of hands to prevent susceptible individuals from acquiring Diphtheria, and environmental sanitation practices such as cleaning of surfaces and door handle to reduced the concentration of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in the environment. The results from the numerical simulations reveal that Diphtheria infection can successfully be controlled and mitigated within the population if we can increase the vaccination rate and the decay rate of Corynebacterium Diphtheriae in the environment, as well as properly and effectively implementing these optimal control measures simultaneously.Item SCAPS-1D ANALYSIS OF NON-TOXIC LEAD-FREE MASnI 3 PEROVSKITE-BASED SOLAR CELL USING INORGANIC CHARGE TRANSPORT LAYERS(EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. 3. 447-455 (2024), 2024-08-19) YUSUF Abubakar Sadiq; Matthew I. Amanyi; Eghwubare Akpoguma; Stephen O. Eghaghe; James Eneye; Raymond M. Agaku; Lilian C. Echebiri; Emmanuel U. Echebiri; Emmanuel O. Ameh; Chinyere I. Eririogu; Nicholas N. Tasie; Anthony C. Ozurumba; Eli DanladiPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained a lot of attention due to their high efficiency and low cost. In this research paper, a methylammonium tin iodide (CH3NH3SnI 3) based solar cell was simulated using a one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulation (SCAPS-1D) tool. The SCAPS-1D tool is based on Poisson and the semiconductor equations. After thorough investigation, the initial device presents the following parameters; power conversion efficiency (PCE)=15.315%, fill factor (FF)=64.580%, current density (Jsc)=29.152 mA/cm 2, and open circuit voltage (Voc)=0.813 V. The effect of absorber and ETL thicknesses were explored systematically. The performance of the simulated device was significantly influenced by the thickness of the absorber and ETL. The optimized absorber thickness was 0.5 μm and the ETL thickness was 0.02 μm, giving rise to an optimized PCE of 15.411%, FF of 63.525%, Jsc of 29.812 mA/cm2, and Voc of 0.814 V. Additionally, the effect of temperature on the optimized device was evaluated and found that it affects the performance of the device. This model shows the prospect of CH3NH3SnI 3 as a perovskite material to produce toxic-free environment-friendly solar cells with high efficiency.Item SCAPS-1D simulated organometallic halide perovskites: A comparison of performance under Sub-Saharan temperature condition(Heliyon 10 (2024) e29599, 2024-04-13) YUSUF Abubakar Sadiq; Anthony C. Ozurumba; Nnamdi V. Ogueke; Chinyere A. Madu; Philibus M. Gyuk; Ismail HossainHeliyon 10 (2024) e29599 Available online 15 April 2024 2405-8440/© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).Research article SCAPS-1D simulated organometallic halide perovskites: A comparison of performance under Sub-Saharan temperature condition Anthony C. Ozurumba a,*, Nnamdi V. Ogueke b, Chinyere A. Madu c, Eli Danladi d, Chisom P. Mbachu e, Abubakar S. Yusuf f, Philibus M. Gyuk g, Ismail Hossain h a Africa Center of Excellence in Future Energies and Electrochemical Systems, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria c Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria d Department of Physics, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria e Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria f Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria g Department of Physics, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria h School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620000, Russia A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: OHP SCAPS-1D Perovskites Temperature Graphene Sub-sahara A B S T R A C T Photovoltaic technology has been widely recognized as a means to advance green energy solu- tions in the sub-Saharan region. In the real-time operation of solar modules, temperature plays a crucial role, making it necessary to evaluate the thermal impact on the performance of the solar devices, especially in high-insolation environments. Hence, this paper investigates the effect of operating temperature on the performance of two types of organometallic halide perovskites (OHP) - formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). The solar cells were evaluated under a typical Nigerian climate in two different cities before and after graphene passivation. Using a one-dimensional solar capacitance simulation software (SCAPS-1D) program, the simulation results show that graphene passivation improved the conversion effi- ciency of the solar cells by 0.51 % (FASnI3 device) and 3.11 % (MAPbI3 device). The presence of graphene played a vital role in resisting charge recombination and metal diffusion, which are responsible for the losses in OHP. Thermal analysis revealed that the MAPbI3 device exhibited an increased fill factor (FF) in the temperature range of 20–64 ◦C, increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE). This ensured that the MAPbI3 solar cell performed better in the city and the season with harsher thermal conditions (Kaduna, dry season). Thus, MAPbI3 solar cells can thrive excellently in environments where the operating temperature is below 65 ◦C. Overall, this study shows that the application of OHP devices in sub-Saharan climatic conditions is empirically possible with the right material modificationItem Application of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Equation to Compressible and Incompressible Fluid Particles in a Spherical Region(International Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Optimization: Theory and Applications, 2024) A. Saba, S. I. Yusuf, D. O. Olaoye, A. O. Jatton the previous work, the response of viscous and non-viscous fluids to magnetic resonance was examined. In this research work, Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, is used to study, analyse and compare the response of particles of compressible and incompressible fluids in a spherical region. The fluids considered are hydrogen gas and paraffin oil. The general flow equation was evolved from the fundamental Bloch equations. The general flow equation was solved using the method of separation of variables and applied to spherical region leading to Legendre equation of the first and second kinds. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the value of Magnetization for hydrogen gas ranges from 9.28819444503×1013 to 9.35×1014. However, appreciable change can be noticed when magnetization is 9.2881944500003 × 1013. For paraffin oil, the value of Magnetization ranges from 2.749305556000075×1014 to 2.75×1014 with appreciable change noticed at magnetization value of 2.7493055560000094 × 1014. The analytical solution of Diffusion MRI equation adopted in this research work has shown the difference in compressible (hydrogen gas) and incompressible (paraffin oil) fluids in a spherical region through the magnetization values that were generated. This is laying credence to the effectiveness and non-invasive properties of MRI.Item Effects of Relaxation Times from the Bloch Equations on Age Related Changes in White and Grey Matter(International Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Optimization: Theory and Applications, 2024) S. I. Yusuf, D. O. Olaoye, M. O. Dada, A. Saba, K. J. Audu, J. A. Ibrahim, A. O. JattoThis research work presented the analytical method of using T1 and T2 relaxation rates of white matter and grey matter to distinguish the passage of time on human organs. A time dependent model equation evolved from the Bloch Nuclear Magnetic Resonance equation was solved under the influence of the radio frequency magnetic field [rf B1(x, t)̸ = 0] and in the absence of radio frequency magnetic field [rf B1(x, t) = 0]. The general solution was considered in three cases. Analysis of the solutions obtained revealed that the rate of decrease of the white matter was faster than that of the grey matter. Between 100 and 400 seconds the difference is more noticeable.
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