School of Physical Sciences (SPS)

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School of Physical Sciences (SPS)

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Start date: 2023Has files: Yes

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    Modeling the impact of control strategies on malaria and COVID-19 coinfection: insights and implications for integrated public health interventions
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023-12-27) Adesoye Idowu Abioye; Olumuyiwa James Peter; Emmanuel Addai; Festus Abiodun Oguntolu; Tawakalt Abosede Ayoola
    This work discusses the challenge posed by the simultaneous occurrence of malaria and COVID-19 coinfection on global health systems. We propose a novel fractional order mathematical model malaria and COVID-19 coinfection. To assess the impact of control strategies on both diseases, we consider two control strategies which are, personal protection against mosquito bites ($$u_{1}(t)$$) and preventive measures for COVID-19 ($$u_{2}(t)$$). Numerical simulations demonstrate that consistent application of these measures leads to significant reductions in disease transmission. Using insecticide-treated nets and repellents during day and night effectively reduces malaria transmission, while implementing facial masks and hand hygiene controls COVID-19 spread. The most substantial impact is observed when both sets of protection measures are simultaneously adopted, highlighting the importance of integrated strategies. The study provides valuable insights into malaria and COVID-19 coinfection dynamics and emphasizes the impact of the control measures. of individual behavior and consistent adoption of personal protection measures to control both diseases. It underscores the need for integrated public health interventions to combat the dual burden of malaria and COVID-19, contributing to the development of targeted and efficient control measures.
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    A Study of Chemically Deposited Barium Titanate (Batio3) Thin Films Doped with Natural Dyes and Their Photovoltaic Applications.
    (International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, 2023-12) Eze, C. N.; A.I. Onyia; M.N. Nnabuchi
    Abstract - Ternary thin films of BaTiO3 nanostructures were synthesized at 90 0C via the Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) route under room temperature. They were doped with three natural (local/organic) dyes extracted from Lawsonia inermis leaves, Beta vulgaries roots, and Jatropha curcas leaves and thereafter annealed at 400 0C. doped and as-deposited nanostructures were studied employing XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV VIS, and EDXRF. Our X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed a polycrystalline structure. The SEM studies exhibited porous structures advantageous for dye loading. The EDXRF shows the compositional elements. The FTIR reveals the carboxylate and photo physical properties of the dyes. The UV-VIS investigation presented band gap energies Eg of the doped as ad (BR) = 2.60 eV; bd (OO) = 1.61 eV; ccd (LL) = 1.90 eV against the as-deposited AD (g1) = 3.10 eV showing that the dyes reduced the Eg of the thin films occurring from an increased absorption coefficient α. The Nano porous, as-deposited thin films adsorb the extracted dyes on the surface and the interaction between the Nano porous films and the natural dyes used to dope BaTiO3 was studied using UV-VIS spectrophotometer with the aim of investigating their photovoltaic applications
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    A decomposition approach for magnetohydrodynamics stagnation point flow over an inclined shrinking/stretching sheet with suction/injection
    (International Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Modelling, 2023-09-27) A. Yusuf; G. Bolarin; F. A. Oguntolu; M. Jiya; Y. M. Aiyesimi
    In this paper, the approximate solution to Magnetohydrodynamics Stagnation Point Flow over an inclined Shrinking/Stretching Sheet with Suction/injection was analyzed via the Adomian Decomposition. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) were reduced with the help of similarity variables to non linear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The effects of various pertinent parameters were presented numerically and graphically. Numerical comparisons were carried out with the existing literature and a good agreement was established. The angle of inclination was found to enhance the velocity profile.
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    Exploring the dynamics of lymphatic filariasis through a mathematical model and analysis with Holling type II treatment functions
    (Iranian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Optimization, 2025-06) F. A. Oguntolu; O. J. Peter; B. I. Omede; T. A. Ayoola; G. B. Balogun
    This paper presents a robust deterministic mathematical model incorporat-ing Holling type II treatment functions to comprehensively investigate the dynamics of Lymphatic filariasis. Through qualitative analysis, the model demonstrates the occurrence of backward bifurcation when the basic re-production number is less than one. Moreover, numerical simulations are employed to illustrate and validate key analytical findings. These simula-tion results emphasize the significance of accessible medical resources and the efficacy of prophylactic drugs in eradicating Lymphatic filariasis. The findings show that, enhancing medical resource availability and implement-ing effective treatment strategies in rural areas and regions vulnerable to Lymphatic filariasis is crucial for combating the transmission and control of this disease.
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    Modelling heat and mass transfer of a CO2 binary mixture: a mathematical approach. International Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Modelling
    (International Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Modelling, 2023-09-28) R. O. Olayiwola; A. T. Cole; M. D. Shehu; F. A. Oguntolu; E. E. Iyeme; A. W. Abubakar
    This paper presents an analytical solutions for describing heat and mass transfer between a droplet of organic solvent and a compressed antisolvent taking into consideration the viscous energy dissipation and heat and mass transfer between the surface and the droplet by convection. The solvent and antisolvent are assumed to be fully miscible and have the same temperature. Both the initial temperature of the mixture and the initial carbon dioxide concentration are also assumed to depend on the space variable. The governing equations formulated based on the conservation of total mass, chemical species, momentum and energy were solved analytically using polynomial approximation method. The results obtained are presented graphically and discussed. The results revealed the effects of operating parameters on droplet lifetime. These results might be used for interpretation or experiments planning of the more complex real supercritical antisolvent process.
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    Analysis of Electrical Resistivity Survey Data for Aquifer Potential and Protective Capacity at Mararaba Dan-Daudu Minna, North Central, Nigeria
    (Science Publishing Group, 2023-10-28) Alfa Idris Alhaji; Salako Kazeem Adeyinka; Rafiu Abdulwaheed Adewuyi; Udensi Emmanuel Emeka; Adetona Abbas Adebayo; Jamilu Shehu
    It is a fact that basement complex regions lacks sufficient overburden that can host sustainable water table, water bearing fractured/weathered rocks referred to as aquifers are usually identified via suitable geophysical methods to proffer solution to water challenges within these regions. This current study targets the exploration of groundwater potential within the Mararaba Dan-daudu community, a suburb of Minna metropolis. Electrical resistivity method was employed to delineate aquifer prospects and their protective capacity within the area of study. The data from thirty-six Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) survey points were acquired and analysed. Survey points were aligned along six profiles (A – F) with six VES points per profile. Interpretation of VES points along profiles was helpful in determining the number of layers and thickness. The analysis revealed mainly three layers comprising of sand and fresh laterite at the first layer, fractured/weathered basement at the second layer and fresh basement at the third layer. Iso-resistivity mapping was also done at various depths (surface, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 30 m and 40 m) respectively to investigate the lateral variations of resistivity over a horizontal plane. These showcased the electrical conductance sliced at the depths of interest. Thirteen VES points (A1, A5, A6, B1, B3, B6, C6, D6, E6, F1, F2, F4 and F5) were mapped as having good prospective aquifer properties. Longitudinal conductance was computed for the outlined VES points to determine their Aquifer Protective Capacity (APC). The result of (APC) rating for the 13 VES revealed the frequency and percentage of APC ranged as: 2 VES locations (15.4%) have good APC, 8 VES locations (61.5%) have moderate APC and 3 VES location (23.1%) have weak APC. with only 3 VES locations out of 13 VES locations in the study area revealed weak APC, the results proved that the groundwater potential of the study area has moderately good APC.
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    Integrated 2D Geoelectric Prospecting for Gold Mineralization Potential Within Southern Part of Kebbi NW Nigeria
    (ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, 2024) Augie A. I; Salako K.A; Rafiu A. A; Jimoh M.O
    This is a detailed geophysical research into the anomalous zones identified by pre vious aeromagnetic studies in the area. Integrated 2D geoelectric prospecting methods involving ERT, IP and SP techniques were used to delineate subsurface structure suitable for gold mineralization potential in parts of the Yauri, Shanga, and Magama areas of the states of Kebbi and Niger in the northwest Nigeria. The ERT, IP and SP measurements were carried out with a dipole-dipole configuration and the SuperSting resistivity meter. The research results revealed regions with low/high resistivity, high chargeability, and high SP values, which were identified as mineral potential zones. The ERT technique has helped to delineate regions with low resistivity anomalous which correspond to oxidized rocks associated with granite/quartzite veins. High resistivity range could exist over dyke structures associated with partially decomposed granite and quartzite, as in dicated by the geological setting and borehole log of the area. The IP technique revealed a high chargeability (≥ 20 milliseconds) in the study area, possibly due to the accumulation of metallic minerals in host rocks, such as gold. The SP technique has also helped to identify regions with high SP anomalies (≥20 mV), which are characterized by vein-bearing ore minerals. The integration of ERT, IP, and SP results revealed oxidized rock zones, dyke subsurface structures of decomposed quartzite, granite, gneiss, and ore mineral veins. These zones are located in the northwest Mararraba, the southwest Jinsani, and the southern Sabon Gari in Niger and Kebbi states. The areas could be considered a potential pathway for gold exploration and exploitation.
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    Application of High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Data for Structural Frame Work of Zamfara Basement Complex,North Western Nigeria.
    (Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State – Nigeria, 2024) A.M. Narimi; A.A Rafiu; U.D. Alhassan
    Zamfara state, located in the northwest of Nigeria, is regarded as one of the richest states in terms solid mineral abundance in Nigeria. Unofficial artisanal miners have found over 120 mining sites in the state. However, there is Insufficient knowledge of local and regional geology in the research area. High resolution aeromagnetic data were utilized to determine the depth of magnetic sources and basement tectonics. Clarifying the tectonic distribution of the basement complex and small portion of Sokoto sedimentary sequence within the research area is the aim of this investigation. Furthermore, this elucidation will help to differentiate the region's causative sources, which include contacts, faults, fractures, silk and dykes. Three approaches were compared for estimating the depth to magnetic sources namely: upward continuation, source parameter imaging, and Euler deconvolution. Euler deconvolution was upward continued to a distance of 1 km for (structural indexes 0 and 1, i.e., for contact and dyke) respectively. The map from these structural indexes exhibits similar patterns in terms of magnetic intrusive geological structures. Most magnetic structures and intrusive depth sources diminish at shallower range < 500 m while deeper sources > 1 km and 1.5 km were still present. The source parameter imaging produces the depth to the magnetic source, which ranges from 85.42 nT, which indicates a basement complex, to 1088.21 nT, which indicates a sedimentary basin. In addition to the subsurface geologic conditions, Visual inspection of the total horizontal derivative (THD), and tilt derivative (TD) revealed swift variations in the lithologic features and tectonic inferences as well as the subsurface geologic conditions. Three primary magnetic lithologic zones were identified from the analytical signal map classification: strong (> 0.051 nT/m), intermediate (0.016 to 0.051 nT/m), and low magnetic zones (< 0.016 nT/m). The lineament map, tilt derivative, and horizontal tilt derivative all showed the amplifications of various structural features (faults, fractures, and folds). These demonstrate the structural control of minerals in this research area.
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    Global Stability and Sensitivity Analysis of Basic Reproduction Number of a Malaria Model
    (Advances in Systems Sciences and Applications (ASSA), 2023-12-31) Abioye, Adesoye I.; Peter, Olumuyiwa J.; Oguntolu, Festus A.; Ayoola, Tawakalt A.; Oladapo, Asimiyu O.
    This paper explores a mathematical model of malaria, focusing on the basic reproduction number R0 and employing Lyapunov functions to assess the global stability of disease-free and endemic equilibria. Sensitivity analysis of key parameters is conducted to evaluate their impact on disease control. The results indicate an active malaria outbreak with decreasing human classes signifying disease progression and increasing mosquito classes suggesting heightened transmission risk. Effective control measures, including mosquito control and treatment of infected individuals, are essential to mitigate the outbreak.
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    Mathematical analysis on the vertical and horizontal transmission dynamics of HIV and Zika virus co-infection
    (Elsevier BV, 2024-03) Benjamin Idoko Omede; Bolarinwa Bolaji; Olumuyiwa James Peter; Abdullahi A. Ibrahim; Festus Abiodun Oguntolu
    The co-infection of HIV and Zika virus (ZIKV) poses a complex and understudied health challenge, requiring a comprehensive investigation into the synergistic effects, potential complications, and the impact on affected individuals. Consequently, This paper introduces a novel deterministic mathematical model that examines the transmission dynamics of HIV and Zika virus co-infection, considering both vertical and horizontal transmission. The analysis begins with two sub-models: one for HIV-only and another for ZIKV-only. Qualitative examination indicates that the HIV only sub-model achieves a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium when the associated reproduction number is below unity. In contrast, the ZIKV only sub-model exhibits a backward bifurcation phenomenon, where both stable disease-free and stable endemic equilibria co-exist when the associated reproduction number of the ZIKV only sub-model is less than unity. Thus, the backward bifurcation property makes effective control of ZIKV infection in the population difficulty when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. It is shown, using the center manifold theory that the full HIV-ZIKV co-infection model undergoes the phenomenon of backward bifurcation. We carried out the sensitivity analysis of the HIV and ZIKV basic reproduction numbers to determine the parameters that positively influence the spread of the two diseases. It is also revealed that an increase in HIV infection in the population will positively influence the transmission of ZIKV. We validated the ZIKV only sub-model by fitting the ZIKV only sub-model to the confirmed cases of ZIKV data in Brazil. The outcome of the numerical simulations of HIV-ZIKV co-infection model reveals that the two diseases co-exist when their basic reproduction number surpasses one. Furthermore, increasing HIV treatment rate significantly reduces the burden of co-infection with the Zika virus.