School of Physical Sciences (SPS)

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School of Physical Sciences (SPS)

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End date: 2013

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    ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA
    (The Nigerian Journal of Research and Production, 2011-04) Eze, C. N.
    Abstract Energy is the biggest challenge of the twenty-first century. We must lift much of the world out of poverty, which will require large increases in energy production while simultaneously curbing greenhouse gas emissions. In order to accomplish this, we must adopt solutions that are based on efficiency, renewable, nuclear energy production and safety, and if it can be demonstrated, carbon sequestration and then adopt the idea which said that “an energy future without a significant contribution from nuclear energy simply isn't an option”. Since renewables are by their very nature intermittent, they cannot have a huge impact unless--and until--we develop adequate energy storage technologies and drastically improve our fragile electricity distribution network. In a developing country like Nigeria where energy demand is far more than the supply due to insufficient power generation, incessant outage of power as a result of failure of power generation plants, due to technical faults and ageing, the use of nuclear power plant provides answers to the problems of electricity generation. Since energy is important for socio-economic development considering safety, economy, reliability, sustainability and even waste management, nuclear energy as an alternative source of energy should be used. The nuclear power option once again is appealing to some opinion leaders in the world. As an alternative to fossil fuels and looming energy crisis, we can find a solution to the problem of climate change, environmental degradation, and fossil fuel dependency, while guaranteeing equitable, sustainable development. Many problems stand in the way of this so called renaissance, not least the mammoth costs involved and the fact that no safe system has yet been devised for the long-term storage of nuclear wastes. Furthermore despite many improvements in the safety of nuclear power plants, worries persist about the risk of nuclear accidents such as those that occurred at Three Mile Island in USA in 1979 and Chernobyl in Ukraine in 1986. However, this alternative source of energy will pose a political problem in that nuclear power plant could be used for both military and economic purposes. It is observed that all attempts, so far, to produce enough electricity power for its citizens have hit the rocks in this country, Nigeria, due to various reasons including inefficiency and corruption. The purpose of this paper is to urge Nigeria (and other countries like it) not to give up its efforts to generate sufficient electric power by the usual traditional methods (coal, solar, wind, etc) but to continue to try until success has been achieved in the short term and to vigorously endeavour to go nuclear in the long term since nuclear generation of electricity is the ultimate in power supply. The paper also shows how the nuclear program has been achieved in some other countries and how Nigeria can follow suit in the development of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.
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    Geoelectrical survey for Groundwater at the Gidan Kwano Campus of the Federal University of Technology minna.
    (Enviromental Technology and Science Journal (ETSJ),, 2006) 44 Udensi E.E, Unuevho C.I., Jonah S.A., Ofor P.N., Adetona A.A., Salako K.A., GanaC.S.,Nwosu J.E., Mulero E.O., Iwuafor H. O., Akinloye O.A., and Owolabi E.O
    Vertical electrical sounding (VES) was carried out at Union Site Gidan kwano campus, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. The objective is to delineate area suitable for structural development and soil corrosivity of the study area. Schlumberger electrode configuration was adopted with maximum current electrode spacing (AB/2) of 100 m. The profile separations was 100 m with inter vertical electrical soundings (VES) point spacing of 100 m. Total of sixty (60) vertical electrical soundings (VES) station were covered. The interpretation revealed three distinct geologic layers. These include topsoil with resistivity values range between 11.41 and 1009 ohm-m and thickness is relatively thin and ranges between 1 and 6 m. The weathered/fractured layer has resistivity values also ranges from 11 to 963 ohm-m with thickness ranges from 1 to 45 which indicate high degree of weathered/fracture and/or water saturation, The fresh basement has resistivity values that range between 12 and 2983 ohm-m. All the soundings are 3-layered and are characterised by A, H and Q curve types. Seventeen (17) VES station were delineated for high rise building having depths to fresh basement varying between 2 m to 5 m (where consolidated basement is shallow with high resistivity value). The corrosivity ratings of the study area shows that 13% is moderately corrosive, 8% is slightly corrosive and 79% suggest practically noncorrosive. The result reasonably provide information areas where high rise building can be sited and iron pipe can be laid in order to safeguard the hydrological setting of the area.
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    Approximate Solution of SIR Infectious Disease Model Using Homotopy Pertubation Method (HPM)
    (Pacific Journal of Science and Technology (PJST), 2013-12-25) Abubakar, Samuel; Akinwande, N. I.; Jimoh, O. R.; Oguntolu, F. A.; Ogwumu, O. D.
    In this paper we proposed a SIR model for general infectious disease dynamics. The analytical solution is obtained using the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). We used the MATLAB computer software package to obtain the graphical profiles of the three compartments while varying some salient parameters. The analysis revealed that the efforts at eradication or reduction of disease prevalence must always match or even supersede the infection rate.
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    ANALYSIS AND DESRIPTION OF THREESTAGES HEAR TREATMENT REQUIRED IN THE FIBRICATION OF ADJUSTABLE DIE(THREAD CUTTING TOOL)USING HIGH CARBON STEEL
    (AFRICAN JOURNAL O ENGINEERING RESERACH AND DEVELOPMENT, 2008) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass
    The work sample high grade carbon steel for annealing before machining it into a cutting tool the resultant tool was quenched in red oil from a temperature of 800 degrees centigrade to room temperature and was tested for work ability
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    Investigating the structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra basins, Nigeria, using first Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) centre for exploration targeting plug-in
    (SCIENCE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2013) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, , ABU MALLAM
    Abstract: The IGRF-corrected 2009 aeromagnetic data over the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra basins Nigeria was subjected to both Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives, Analytical Signal and CET grid analysis, these digital processing tools were achieved both on map and profile analysis. From the analysis of both the Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives the study area could be divided into two regions based on the degree of distortion to the magnetic signatures the Northern and the Western edge of the area is covered by short wavelength magnetic anomalous signatures that are the characteristic of outcrop and shallow intrusive magnetic bodies, while the remaining part of the study area is characterized by medium to long wavelength magnetic signatures that are attributes of deep sited magnetic rocks in areas of medium to thick sedimentations. Result of the Analytical Signal which is in local amplitude reveals regions with outcrop of magnetic rocks having amplitudes ranging from 0.230 to 0.40 (shown as pink color), area with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at shallow depths, with amplitudes ranging from 0.094 to 0.229 cycles (shown as red color), while regions with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at greater depths, having very low amplitudes ranging from -0.085 to 0.055 cycles (shown in yellow to green color). Analyses due to CET grid analysis equally reveal the basement rocks to the North and Southern edge of the study area. Intrusions into the sedimentary formation are also revealed. The research discovered that the lower (southern) part of the area (on Angba and Otukpo area) shows structures (Basaltic rocks) that intrude into the basement which could have predate the sedimentation period, several fracture and fault lines are detected on the CET map, most prominent among them is that at the Southeastern corner of the area which trends NE-SW which can be attributed to an onshore extension of Charcots fault zone , and that which trends N-S is a fault line that controls the course of River Niger. These three features are responsible for the depressions where sediments can accumulate.
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    Factors Influencing Patient Dose in Diagnostic Radiography.
    (SET, 2008) OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Igwe, K
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    Geological factors in civil engineering construction: the perspective of engineering geophysics using case histories from basement complex terrain of Nigeria
    (Journal of Science and today's world, 2013-06) Momoh, O. L.; Olasehinde, P. I.; Amadi, A. N.; Asema, A. I.; Omanayin, Y. A.
    Acknowledged factors of premature failure of most civil engineering construction include poor construction materials, bad design, drainage problems and usage factor. However, the foundation of civil engineering projects and its routes requires pre-knowledge of the subsurface geology that carries the load and hence the need for engineers to have adequate predesigned idea of the subsurface geology. While direct exploratory borehole drill for sample collection and insitu engineering tests are considered ultimate in this respect, the rich opportunities of geophysical tools in giving needed subsurface information cannot be over emphasized due to the combine high speed, relatively cheap and appreciable accuracy of the latter. Therefore, theoretical background of engineering geophysics and case histories from basement complex terrains of Nigeria are presented and discussed with respect to civil engineering constructions. Keywords: geological factors, engineering geophysics, civil engineering construction, basement complex
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    Measurement of Radio Refractive index in the first 100 m layer over Minna in North Central Nigeria
    (The Nigerian Journal of Space Research, 2011) K. C. Igwe, O. D. Oyedum, J. A. Ezenwora, J. O. Eichie and A. S. Moses
    Tropospheric radio refractivity at surface and 100 m levels is investigated from in-situ measurement of atmospheric pressure, temperature and relative humidity made in Minna (9o 37''N, 6o 30''E), North central Nigeria. Daily measurement of the atmospheric variables was made at 30 minutes interval. The instrument used is the Vantage PRO II Automatic Weather Station and the data used was for a period of 12 months (January to December 2008). The results obtained show that the values of refractive index at both levels were high in the morning and late evening/night hours while the values were low during the afternoon hours. Also, statistical analysis of radio refractive index gradients was carried out and the Cumulative frequency distribution shows that the atmosphere over Minna was sub refractive for about 50% of the time with positive gradients appearing occasionally, super refractive for about 40% of the time while normal refraction occurred for only 10% of the time.
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    ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS AND RADIATION HAZARDS IN THE TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN MINNA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.
    (2012) Kolo, M. T.,; Baba-Kutigi, A. N.,; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Sharifat, I.