School of Food Science and Agricultural Technology (SFSAT)
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School of Food Science and Agricultural Technology (SFSAT)
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Item Genetic diversity of Nigerian Indigenous Sheep breeds at the βLactoglobulin gene locus .(Genetics and Biodiversity Journal, 2020-06-10) Abubakar, G. R.; Ezewudo, E. A.; Egena, S. S. A.; Usman, AbdulkadirThe study assessed genetic diversity of four Nigerian sheep populations namely; Balami, Yankasa, Ouda and West African Dwarf (WAD) making use of blood sample. Extracted DNAs were used to study polymorphism at the β-lactoglobulin gene locus using RLFP-PCR process. Results revealed the percentage polymorphic locus was 100% while Shannon’s information index, observed homozygosity, expected heterozygosity, unbiased expected heterozygosity and fixation index were 0.656, 0.516, 0.464, 0.477 and -0.075, respectively. The gene flow (Nm) for all the population was estimated to be 7.65. The pairwise Fst was low and within the range of 0.0004(between Balami and WAD) to 0.0520 (between Balami and Yankasa). Variation within and between the populations of sheep shows that a large proportion of the observed variance (98% at p < 0.01) occurred within the breeds while only 2 % of the variance (p < 0.01) was contributed due to differences among the breeds. The nearest genetic distance was between the Balami and WAD (0.001) and between Ouda and the WAD (0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed three clusters. The present study showed that effort should be made to prevent the wearing away of the genetic make-up of the sheep populations considering the negative fixation index.Item Economy of Production and Carcass quality of Rabbits Fed African Loust Bean ( Parkia biglobosa) Fruit Pulp Based Diets(Nigerian Journal of Animal Priduction. Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2025-01-12) Usman, Abdulkadir; Malik, A. A.; Ijaiya, A. T.; Patrick, D.Recent researches have shown that the African locust bean fruit pulp contains 6.56 % crude protein (CP), 11.75 % crude fibre (CF), 4.18 % ash, 1.80 % ether extract (EE), 67.30 % nitrogen free extracts (NFE), with a metabolizable energy value of 2420 Kcal/kg; and has the potential to replace maize in the diets of growing rabbits. A study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of Parkia biglobosa fruit pulp (PBFP) on the economy of feed conversion, carcass characteristics and sensory properties of the meat of rabbits. A total of forty-five mixed sex and mixed breed (New Zealand White X California White) weaner rabbits of 5 to 6 weeks of age, with an average weight of about 700.00 ± 0.05 g, were used for the study. The rabbits were randomly allotted to five treatment diets, consisting of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 % dietary inclusion levels of Parkia biglobosa fruit pulp (PBFP) in a completely randomized design model. Feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks, at the end of which 15 rabbits were randomly selected, one from each replicate, and slaughtered by severing their throats with a sharp knife and processed for their carcass characteristics. Thereafter, lean meat samples from the lumbar region were harvested and used for sensory evaluation. Results showed that live weight, dressing %, weight of neck, hind limbs, full intestine, liver, lungs, heart, spleen and skin (%) significantly (P<0.05) varied across the treatments. The dressing percentage of rabbits fed 20 % Parkia fruit pulp (58.92 %) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than 50.16, 48.92, 47.61 and 46.83 % in rabbits fed 0, 10, 30 and 40 % dietary inclusion level of PBFP, respectively. Also, there were significant (P<0.05) differences in the appearance and tenderness of the meat of rabbits, whereas juiciness, flavour and general acceptability did not show any significant (P>0.05) difference across the treatments. Higher overall scores of 8.20, 7.70, 7.50, 7.40 and 7.55 were recorded for meat from rabbits fed 20 % dietary inclusion level of PBFP for all the sensory parameters (appearance, tenderness, juiciness, flavour and general acceptability, respectively) monitored. Also, proportionate increase in the inclusion of PBFP in the diets of rabbits resulted in a relative decrease in the cost of production. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of PBFP in the diets of rabbits at 20 % level produced optimum effect on the economy of feed conversion, carcass characteristics and sensory properties of rabbit meat. .Item Proximate and Phytochemical Composition of Shea nut Cake in Borgu, Niger State, Nigeria(International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, 2024-01-04) Idris, H.; Kudu, Y. S.; Yisa, M.; Malik, A. A.; Usman, Abdulkadir; Ukewase, I. K.Shea nut cake (SNC), a major by-product from Shea butter production has proximate nutrients which are not readily available for utilization by animals due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors, mainly the obromine, saponin and tannins. The present work evaluated the effectiveness of physical processing methods on samples (A - unprocessed Shea nut cake, B – soaked in water for 48 hours, rinsed, strained and sun dried; C – soaked for 48 hours by changing of water after 24 hours, rinsed, strained and sun dried; D - soaked in water for 72 hours by changing of water after every 24 hours, rinsed, strained and sun dried; E - soaked in water for 72 hours, rinsed, strained and sun dried; F- boiled up to 101 oC and sun dried) for reducing the anti-nutritional factors present in the she nut cake. The proximate composition analysis result showed that SNC was high in protein (8.33 to 13.99%) and ether extract (8.49 to 11.88%). The increasing order for effectiveness of the processing methods in reducing the tannin content of SNC was as follows: FItem Underestimated economic and social burdens of non-Typhoidal Salmonella infections: The One Health perspective from Nigeria(ELSEVIER One Health, 2023-04-19) Abdullahi O. Sanni; Joshua Onyango; Ana Felis Rota; Orsolya Mikecz; Usman, Abdulkadir; Ugo PicaCiamarra; Folorunso O. FasinaBackground: The non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) is a pathogenic bacterial zoonosis with substantial but often under-appreciated public health impacts. The NTS is prevalent in poultry and humans in Nigeria, yet its economic and social burden have not been determined through any empirical study. To bridge the gap, we evaluated the impact of NTS in social and economic terms. Methods: Relevant population, economic and epidemiological data were retrieved from peer-reviewed publications, open sources and relevant authorities. Additional data were obtained through experts' opinions and field surveys. Using a customized and validated Microsoft Excel® tool, economic analysis was conducted. Results: Using the year 2020 reference point, the burden of NTS was 325,731 cases and a total of 1043 human deaths, at a disability-adjusted life year (DALYs) of 37,321. The cost associated with infection in humans was US$ 473,982,068. A total loss of US$ 456,905,311 was estimated in poultry including the direct value of animal loss, US$ 224,236,769, loss from salvage slaughter and culling, US$ 220,386,556, and value of foregone production, US$ 12,281,987. Interpretation: The outcomes of this important work provide empirical evidence to support informed decisions and investments in the control and eradication of human and poultry salmonellosis (NTS) in NigeriaItem Risk Factors for Persistent Infection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Poultry Farms, North Central Nigeria(Antibiotics MDPI, 2022-08-18) Sanni, A.O; Onyango, J; Usman, Abdulkadir; Abdulkarim, L.O; Jonker, A; Fasina, F.OSalmonellosis is a bacterial zoonosis causing an array of health conditions. Non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) has a discrete adaptation to certain animals; in poultry, pullorum and fowl typhoid are its primary disease manifestations. The diseases are prevalent in Nigerian poultry and have been well-studied in Nigeria, but less so in North Central Nigeria (NCN). Using field sampling, laboratory methods and a semi-structured questionnaire for 1000 poultry farms in NCN, we explored the incidence and risk factors for the persistence of NTS infection in poultry. Approximately 41.6% of the farms had experienced NTS over the last 18 months. Farm experience of NTS moderatelypredicted awareness of salmonellosis. Increasing stock in smallholder farms, self-mixing of con centrate on the farm, usage of stream water, pen odour, non-adherence and partial adherence of farms to recommended poultry vaccination against pullorum and fowl typhoid and lack of and non-adherence to biosecurity were identified risk factors that increased the odds of NTS infection in poultry. Antibiotic use practice may have reduced the isolation rate of NTS, yet NTS continues to challenge poultry farms in Nigeria. Identified risk practices must be mitigated intentionally and biosecurity and hygiene must be improved to reduce the burden of NTS