School of Physical Sciences (SPS)
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School of Physical Sciences (SPS)
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Item Assessment of the Conversion of Luffa cylindrical Seed Oil into Biodiesel using CaO/Metakaolin as Heterogenous Catalyst(IBBUL, 2021) Bisiriyu, M. T.; Salau, R. B.; Abdulkarim, A. M.; Likita, S.; Abdullahi, Z.; Paiko, Y. B.The efficiency of calcium oxide supported metakaolin catalyst in the transesterification of Luffa cylindrical seed oil into biodiesel was studied using standard analytical techniques. Some physicochemical properties of the seed oil were determined and the fuel quality parameters of its fatty acid methyl ester (Biodiesel) were investigated. The results obtained were: colour (reddish-brown), yield (39.23 %), specific gravity (0.90 g/cm3), kinematic viscosity (17.23 mm2/s), pH (4.72), refractive index (1.466), acid value (22.58 mgKOH/g), free fatty acid (11.29 mgKOH/g), saponification value (115.005 mgKOH/g), iodine value (39.300 mgI2/100 g) while the biodiesel properties were: colour (reddishbrown), biodiesel yield (92.29 %), API gravity (22o), refractive index (1.470), specific gravity (0.880g/cm3), kinematic viscosity (5.62 mm2/s), acid value (4.21 mgKOH/g), cloud point (7 oC), pour point (4 oC) and flash point (170 oC). The values obtained indicates that the oil may not be suitable for edible purposes due to high acid value but may be employed industrially in the manufacturing of products such as liquid soaps, paints, shampoos and biodiesel. CaO/Kaolin catalyst was found to be effective in the transesterification of the seed oil and the fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) produced was also found to meet most of the standards for biodiesel set by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and EN (European Norm).Item Assessment of Water Quality of Bosso Water-Board using Weighted Arithmetic Index Method(36th AGM and 16th International Annual Conference of the Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers (NIAE, GOBARAU, 2015), Katsina State, 2015-10-15) Animashaun, I. M.; Otache, M. Y.; Ojodu, A. B.,; Kuti, I. A.; Bisiriyu, M. T.; Garuba, A. OInformation on a method that can be used to ascertain status of potable water consumed by the public is very important. Water from Bosso Water-board was assessed at the Water Board and at the consumer end using Weighted Arithmetic Index Method. Water samples collected were analyzed for twelve parameters (pH, Electrical conductivity, Chloride, Total dissolve solids, Iron, Alkalinity, Nitrite, Nitrate, Zinc, Phosphate and E.coli). The results of the analysis were used in computing Water Quality Index. The index for Water-board, Location A, B, and C were 5.96, 119.13, 60.71 and 57.66, respectively. These results showed that water sample from Bosso Water-board is fit for drinking, but samples from the consumer end were unfit. The implication is that pipe borne water supply from the Boards can pose a threat to the health of the public when consumed.Item COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FRESH AND USED POWER TRANSFORMER OILS(2021) Abdulkarim A. M.; Umar, M. T.; Muhammad, M. A.; Bisiriyu, M. T.; Muhammad, H. I.; Agwuncha, S. C.; Kasim, N. A.Uninterrupted electricity supply is a vital issue for Nigeria today. This is because the reliability for power transformer to generate electricity to be used for industrial activities, electric utility companies and our homes has become far more important to our present generation for financial reasons. This work presents experimental research on the variations of the physicochemical properties and composition of two transformer oils of different levels of degradation. The first one is a virgin/fresh new oil while the second was collected from an operating transformer after being used for five (5) years (used transformer oil). The physicochemical characteristics of both samples were studied using American Society for Testing Material (ASTM) standard test, and were found to be within the specified range by ASTM standard. Results for physicochemical characterization of both samples A and B gives acid value of 0.045 ± 0.089 & 0.12 ±0.07 (mg KOH-1), density of 0.75 ±0.01 & 0.99 ± 0.01 (g cm–1), and Flash Point of 143 and 152 (oC) values respectively. However, the used oil sample presents physicochemical properties of narrow value to standard specifications which indicated its high level of degradation in contrast to the fresh oil sample. The FTIR results of the two samples were compared and it revealed that they have similar compounds of paraffins, naphthene and aromatics present in them. Although the used oil indicated the presence of phenols, which is indicative of oxidation process occurring in the oil.Item CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRGIN ASPHALTENES AND ITS SUBFRACTIONS USING UV-VISIBLE AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY(School of Physical Sciences, 2017-05-05) Bisiriyu, M. T.; Idris, S.; Garba, H. A.; Yelwa, A. S.; Muhammad, A. B.; Faruq, U. Z.Spectroscopic characterization of asphaltene is necessary in order to understand the changes it undergoes when heavy and extra-heavy oil types such as bitumen are subjected to catalytic aquathermolysis. The structural composition of asphaltene and its subfractions were investigated using UV/Visible and FTIR Spectroscopy. Raw bitumen sample was obtained from the bitumen deposit at Mile 2 in Odigbo, Ondo State, Nigeria. The sample was purified and the asphaltene fraction was precipitated with n-hexane, the precipitated asphaltene was fractionated into fractions A and B based on their difference in solubility and polarity with hexane/toluene mixture at a fixed ratio. The results showed that virgin asphaltene and its subfractions absorbed light of longer wavelength in the range (465 640 nm), indicating that they are made up of polynuclear aromatic compounds. The results also revealed the presence of alkyl side chains and major oxygenated groups in both virgin asphaltene and its subfractions (A and B). In general, asphaltene are complex molecular compound which consists of aromatic moieties with alkyl side chains, polar groups (esther, ether and carbonyl), acidic and basic groups (carboxylic and pyridine) which can interact at certain pH range by accepting or donating protonsItem FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOENVIRONMENT OF WELL BL-1X, DEEP OFFSHORE, NIGER DELTA BASIN, NIGERIA(Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2022-06) Usman, H. O.; Unuevho, C .I.; Chukwuma-Orji, J. N.; Alkali, Y. B.Foraminiferal biostratigraphic analysis was carried out using one hundred and sixty (160) ditch cutting samples from BL-1X well, deep off-shore Niger Delta basin Nigeria. The interval studied is 7710 – 13020 ft belonging to the Agbada Formation. Lithologically, the section varies from shaly-sand to sandy-shale to shale. Biozonation included four planktonic zones, the proposed planktonic zones are: Globgerinoides extremus - G. humerosa zone – interval zone, Globorotalia acostaensis zone – taxon range zone, Globorotalia foshi peripherronda – Globigerinatella insueta – interval zone, Catapsydrax stainforthi zone – taxon range zone which are correlatable with the zones of previous workers. Samples from the section was dated early to late Miocene based on paleontological evidences. Sediments of well BL-1X were deposited in the lower-upper bathyal environment based on environmentally restricted benthic species.Item Assessment of Drinking Water Quality from Chanchaga Area, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria(Caliphate Journal of Science & Technology (CaJoST), 2020-05-30) Bisiriyu, Muhammad T.; Koleola, Abidemi A.; Kolo, Muhammad; Ibrahim, Mohammedhe accessibility to safe drinking water is essential to prevent water-borne diseases like diarrhoea and cholera; thus, this study assessed the quality of drinking water sources available to the inhabitants of the Chanchaga area, Minna, Niger State. A total of twelve water samples consisting of four boreholes, four wells, and four tap water, including one from Chanchaga water works were collected and analysed for some physicochemical parameters and heavy metals using standard procedures. The results showed that the average physicochemical properties of tap, well and borehole water samples respectively, were pH, 6.60, 6.62 and 6.67, turbidity 1.58, 3.42 and 3.15 NTU, total suspended solids, 0.03, 0.09 and 0.00 mg/L, total dissolved solids, 0.96, 4.68 and 1.14 mg/L, total solids, 0.99, 4.79 and 1.14mg/L, electrical conductivity, 158.25, 799.25 and 778.25 µЅ/cm, alkalinity, 13.50, 50.00, and 117.50 mg/L, chloride,18.75, 74.00 and 47.25mg/L, total hardness65.50, 227.75 and 149.50 mg/L, while the heavy metal concentrations in tap, borehole and well water samples were Cu, 0.02, 0.20 and 0.33 mg/L, Mn, not detected, 0.23 and 0.32, Pb was not detected in all the samples and Fe, 0.21, 3.10 and 2.12 mg/L respectively. All the parameters analysed were below the maximum permissible limits specified by WHO except the total hardness of well water and concentration of Fe in well and borehole water, which were above the maximum permissible limits. It can be concluded that the three sources of water at different locations in the study area are safe for human consumption at the time this research was conducted.Item Evaluation and Chemometric Analysis of the Mineral Profile of Locally Prepared Soups in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria(J. Chem Soc. Nigeria, 2020-02-07) Salau, R. B.; Bisiriyu, M. T.; Abdullahi, Zalihat; Andrew, Alheri; Aremu, M. O.; Olushola, I. O.; Mohammed, A. K.Minerals are an indispensable part of a complete diet for humans. This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of five of these minerals; three essential minerals (Sodium, Calcium, and Potassium), two trace minerals (Iron, and Copper) and a toxic metal (Lead) present in local soups in Minna, Niger State. The samples were purchased locally in triplicates from restaurants in Minna, Niger State. The soups were homogenised, weighed, dried, and then digested with proportionate combinations of HNO3, H2O2 and deionised water. The elements were determined using Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectrophotometers. Microsoft Excel and MATLAB/PLS tool box software were used for Chemometrics analysis. Results indicate that Dahyen kubewa and Miyanya kuwa have prominent content of studied elements with relatively higher values, making them good sources of essential mineral elements. The average concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Cu and Fe were respectively found within the ranges of 6.12–6.14, 0.67- 8.68, 4.84-45.30, 0.00-0.008 and 0.06-0.014 mgg-1. The values of the element expressed per serving dishes of the samples were appreciable relative to recommended daily intakes. This implies that the foods can be relevant in the management of Mineral Deficiency Diseases (MDD). Fe and Cu were below the toxic limit, and lead was not detectable. The foods were found to be generally safe for consumption. Correlation analysis showed that Na and Ca or K, as well as Fe and Cu, have a high correlation. These elements, therefore, constitute the unique element signature of the local soups in Minna. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of the mineral content data revealed two close substitute food pairs: Miyan yakuwa and Danyen kubewa as well as Miyan kuka and Miyan karkashi. The result implies that in cases of unavailability or scarcity of one of the pairs, the other paired food can be consumed. The paired foods have equivalent mineral content. The Principal Component Analysis loading-score biplot indicated that Miyan yakuwa, Danyen kubewa. Miyan agushi and Miyan taushe are calcium, sodium, and potassium rich soups. The result also reveals that Jan miya is relatively rich in copper and iron..Miyan kuka and Miyan Karkashi particularly have lower concentration of elements.Item Concentrations of Selected Heavy Metals in Soil in the Vicinities of Two Major Municipal Dumpsites in Minna, Nigeria(J. Chem Soc. Nigeria,, 2019-01-18) Lawal, U. F. Lawal; Jacob, J. O.; Yisa, J.; Bisiriyu, M. T.This study assesses the concentrations of lead, cadmium, nickel, copper and zinc, as well as some physico-chemical properties of surface soils in the vicinity of Gurusu and Kuyi dumpsites in Minna City, Nigeria, using standard analytical methods. The soil is generally sandy with a pH ranging from 5.20 (slightly acidic) to 8.67 (slightly alkaline). Organic matter content of the soil ranged from 1.0 to 12% while the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) ranged from 12 to 120meq/g. The range of mean concentrations (mg/kg) of heavy metals in the Gurusu dumpsite were: Pb(0.71 - 19.51), Cd(2.22 - 2.80), Ni(23.55 - 45.39), Cu(16.74 - 50.37) and Zn(9.52 - 55.73), while that of Kuyi dumpsite were: Pb(37.35 - 54.29), Cd(4.19 - 4.67), Ni(2.83 -10.52), Cu(25.13 - 40.78) and Zn(1.05 - 22.42). The low clay contents, low organic matter and high Cation Exchange Capacity are capable of enhancing metal mobility. Generally, the concentrations of heavy metals in soil decrease with distance from the dump heap in both dumpsites and are higher in the dumpsites than the control sites. This showed that the dumpsites were major contributors to the heavy metal build-up in their vicinities and that the dumpsites were appreciably contaminated by these metals. The concentrations of the heavy metals Pb and Cd in soil samples of both dumpsites were found to be generally higher than the WHO permissive limit for agricultural soils. This calls for concern as these metals are highly toxic and of no known biochemical importance.Item Evaluation of Amino Acids in the Milk Preparations from Tiger Nut Rhizome and Its Mixed Varieties(IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 2013-10) Salau, Rasaq Bolakale; Aminu, Muhammad; Bisiriyu, M. T; Bamidele, K. G; Bishir, UsmanThe amino acid composition of yellow and brown tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) milk preparations and their mixtures were studied. The mixed variety was prepared by mixing equal proportions of the two varieties. The milk preparation was obtained by blending and subsequent expression of the milk.. Protein analysis started with the hydrolysis of the milk preparation with HCl for 23hrs, and the resulting amino acids were quantified with amino acid analyser (Technicom TSM-1). The % nitrogen for the yellow, Brown and the mixture are 3.72, 3.24 and 2.22, respectively. Arginine has the highest value of 15.87, 16.22 and 19.20 g/100g respectively conferring the same order of amino acid basicity. Methionine and tyrosine are the lowest (0.60 and 0.63, 0.68 and 0.48, 0.49 and 0.48 g/100g protein) respectively. Tryptophan is not prominently associated with the myriad of essential amino acids of tiger nut milk. It was not detectable in any of the varieties. The overall result of the study showed that tiger nut milk is a rich source of protein. It can also be consumed as a valuable substitute for conventional cow's milk and other known milk sources. The milk prepared from the mixed variety exhibited a synergistic effect as it combined some beneficial amino acids that either of the two varieties lacks.Item A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SCABBY MOUTH DISEASE INCORPORATING THE QUARANTINE CLASS.(39th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Mathematical Society, (NMS), 2021-04-23) Abdurrahman, Nurat Olamide; Somma S. A.; Aboyeji Folawe Ibironke; Akinwande Ninuola IfeoluwaWe propose a mathematical model to study the transmission and control of scabby mouth disease in sheep, incorporating the vaccinated and quarantine classes. The Disease-free equilibrium was obtained, and the reproduction number was also computed. The local stability of DFE was analyzed for stability. Sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number with respect to some parameters of the model was carried out, and the sensitive parameters withR_0 are presented graphically. The local stability of DFE is stable if R_0<1. The sensitivity analysis shows that the contact rateα is the most sensitive parameter to increase the spread of the disease, and vaccination rate ω is the highest sensitive parameter to control the transmission of scabby.