School of Physical Sciences (SPS)
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://197.211.34.35:4000/handle/123456789/30
School of Physical Sciences (SPS)
Browse
Item GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF WESTERN PART OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, GIDAN KWANO CAMPUS, MINNA, NIGER STATE, USING ELECTRICAL AND SEISMIC REFRACTION METHODS(Natural and Applied Sciences Journal, 2010) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, Salako, K .A., Abdulrashid, U.A; Rafiu, A.A., Ofor, N.P., Alhassan D.U. and Jonah S.A.A geophysical survey of western part of Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano Campus, Minna, was carried out using Electrical Resistivity (VES) and Seismic refraction methods. The aim of this survey was to determine the ground water potentials of the area and to also locate those areas that could be useful for civil engineering purposes. Careful interpretation of the seismic data obtained shows two geologic sections within the survey area. The first layer has an average seismic velocity value of 1237.86 ms-1 . The second layer is the refractor layer whose seismic velocity average is 4581.67 ms-1 and has an average depth of 4.74m. The results obtained from the electrical resistivity method also shows that the survey area consists of three geoelectric/geologic layers. The first layer has resistivity values between 20m and 200m, which represents topsoil the second layer has resistivity value ranging from 200m to about 900m and typifies weathered and fractured basement. The fresh basement forms the third layer with resistivity value above 1000m. The results obtained from both methods shows that the area appropriate for ground water development were found in the north-east and north-central portion of the survey area with aquifer systems of 100m in width and depth between 3.8m and 25m. Similarly the site most appropriate for civil engineering purpose could be located at the southern part of the survey area where the fresh basement is shallow.Item A TWO POINT BLOCK HYBRID METHOD FOR SOLVING STIFF INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS(JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, 2011) Muhammad RIn this paper, a self starting hybrid method of order (3, 3,3) is proposed for the solution of stiff initial value problem of the form y' = f(x.y). The continous formation of the integrator enables us to differentiate and evaluate at grid and off grid points. The schemes compared favourably with exact results and results from Okunuga (2008)Item Diurnal and annual cycles of surface refractivity and related parameters in Minna, Central Nigeria(The Nigerian Journal of Space Research, 2011) O. D. Oyedum, J. A. Ezenwora, K. C. Igwe, J. O. Eichie and A. S. MosesRadio refractivity N exerts considerable influence on radio signals at VHF and higher frequency bands. In particular, surface refractivity correlates positively with radio field strengths, and knowledge of its temporal variability is important in predicting performance of terrestrial radio networks, especially at VHF and microwave frequencies. Knowledge of the variability of the atmospheric parameters from which N derives is also important for radio propagation and other applications such as Agriculture and Tourism. Measurement of atmospheric parameters is also necessary to update past records, especially in the light of climate change. Surface refractivity values derived from values of air pressure P, temperature T and relative humidity H measured for two consecutive years (2008-2009) in Minna (09037N, 06032E),Central Nigeria are statistically analysed to explore their diurnal and seasonal cycles, as well as their inter-relationships. The results reveal that surface refractivity and the related weather variables show clear diurnal and seasonal trends with discernible relationships. In particular, diurnal N values have high correlation with diurnal P values, while monthly averages of N and H are also highly correlated; and the hot weather generally experienced in the month of April in Minna may be attributed to a combination of high humidity and high temperature at surface level.Item Effect of Transverse Relaxation Rate on Time-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging(African Journal of Physical Science, 2011) S. I. Yusuf, Y.M. Aiyesimi and O. B. AwojoyogbeMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), developed from nuclear magnetic resonance involves a non-invasive medical approach towards studying the anatomy, physiology and pathology of human tissues. In this study, attempt is made at expressing mathematically the processes involved in MRI for diagnosis and possible treatment of diseases within the human body. A time-dependent second -order non-homogeneous linear differential equation from the Bloch (NMR) equation is evolved. The parameters in the equations are M_0, radio frequency rfB_1 f(x,t) field, gyromagnetic ratio of blood spin γ as well as T_1 and T_2 relaxation times. the solution obtained will be examined when the system is under an influence of a driving force, F_0 cos wt and γB_1 (t)=coswt is the radio frequency field. However, for the purpose of this study, only relaxation times are varied and analyzed for measurement of the signals in relation to its effect on human anatomy.Item NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN BOREHOLE WATER OF SOME WARDS IN MINNA, NIGER STATE(2011-01-11) Kolo, M. T.,; Baba-Kutigi A. N.,; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Ibrahim. S.28 samples o~ borehole water used for drinking and domestic purposes were sampled from three wards namely Bosso ward (A), Matkunkele ward (B), and Maitumbi ward (C) in Minna city, Niger State. The water samples were analyzed at the Center for Energy Research and Training, CERT, Ahmadu Beilo University Zaria, for their natural radioactivity content, using the Eurisis system-eight-:-channel-gas-filled proportional counter. The results obtained show that none of the samples from the three wards has gross alpha activity higher than the recommended guidelines by World Health Organization (WHO). The beta activity of two samples from ward B and four from ward C, however, shows a little elevation above the recommended screening level for potable water. The elevations notwithstanding, however, the overall results generally show that water from boreholes in the three wards is safe for drinking and other domestic purposes.Item Variation of Effective Atomic Numbers of some Thermoluminescence and Phantom Materials with Photon Energies(2011-05-15) OLARINOYE, OYELEKEEffective atomic numbers (Zeff) of 15 materials (CaSO4, nylon, methyl but-3-enoate, mylar, C2F4, Al2O3, SiO2, stearate, CH4, CaF2, water, Iron sulphate, polystyrene, polyvinyl, and potassium calcium sulphate) used in dosimetry and substitute materials were calculated using standard formula based on their mass attenuation coefficients (µm). The µm of the materials were obtained for photon energies of 0.01 KeV to 20 MeV using WinXCOM. Generally, Zeff for each of the substances considered is not a constant but varies with photon energy. Zeff varies from11-17 for CaSO4, 3-6 for nylon, 6-7 for methyl but-3-enoate, 4-7 for mylar, 8-9 for C2F4, 10-12 for Al2O3, 10-12 for SiO2, 3-6 for stearate, 2-5 for CH4, 13-18 for CaF2, 3-8 for water, 12-23 for Iron sulphate, 4-6 for polystyrene, 5-16 for polyvinyl, and 1217 for potassium calcium sulphate. The variations of Zeff with photon energy for all the 15 substances follow similar pattern. The variations were dictated by photon interaction processes. The highest value of Zeff for all the materials was obtained at the lowest energy, while the lowest value was obtained between 0.1 and 1.5 MeV. The mean atomic number of each compound was also found to be equal to the Zeff obtained at intermediate energies of the energy spectrum considered (0.1 MeV -1.5 MeV). The upper and lower limit of Zeff for each of the considered materials was found to be dictated by the atomic numbers of the constituent elements of the materialsItem ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS AND RADIATION HAZARDS IN THE TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN MINNA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.(2012-01-15) Kolo, M. T.,; Baba-Kutigi, A. N.,; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Sharifat, I.Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in 30 surface soil samples collected across the three campuses of the two tertiary institutions in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, were studied and evaluated. This survey was carried out using gamma spectrometric technique which employs NaI(Tl) gamma detector at the Center for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The mean values for the activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be 7.8±1.3Bqkg-1, 29.4±0.9Bqkg-1 and 229.4±1.8Bqkg-1 respectively. The activity profile of the primordial radionuclides in the soil samples investigated showed the existence of low level activity across the three campuses. The mean value of the annual effective dose equivalent obtained from this study is 0.04mSvyr-1, with mean external hazard index of 0.2. These average values fall within the internationally provided safety range for outdoor radiation exposure. The values obtained from this investigation for all the radiation parameters for the studied soil samples showed that none of the campuses investigated pose any significant radiological threat to the public.Item PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL AND STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT AT POMPOM VILLAGE, MINNA, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA USING ELECTRICAL PROFILING METHOD(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2012-04) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, 10. Rafiu A.A., T.A Adesete, Salako K. A., Alhassan U.D,The result of preliminary study of ground water assessment and structural development at Pompom village is presented. The profiling data were collected over a total number of sixty-six (66) VES points covering 500m by 1km, using Werner configuration method. The field was divided into two measuring 500m by 500m and the data collected were analyzed separately. The profiling data were analyzed using both Surfer 8 and Microsoft Excel package. The results of the analyses shows that the areas identified as suitable for ground water exploitation are northeast and southern parts of the study area where resistivity values are relatively low. Areas or points identified for civil engineering development are areas identified with relatively high resistivity values, these areas correspond to VES: B2, C1, C2, C4, D3, F3, F4 C’4 and F’1.Item n Inequality to Generate Some Statistical Distributions(Asian Journal of mathematics and Applications, 2013) A. F. Oguntolu; U. Y. Abubakar; A. Isah; L. A. Nafiu; K. RaufIn this work, we established Markov inequality via Binomial, Poisson and Geometric Distribution. Results obtained were used to obtain probability bound for some random variables. Our results are in agreement with the existing works.Item Estimating the Thickness of Sedimentation within Lower Benue Basin and Upper Anambra Basin, Nigeria, Using Both Spectral Depth Determination and Source Parameter Imaging(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013-04) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, and Abu MallamThe Total Aeromagnetic Data covering the study area was subjected to First Vertical Derivative, Spectral Depth Analysis, and Source Parameter Imaging (SPI). The result from the First Vertical Derivative shows that the Northern part of the area is covered by the young biotite granite of Precambrian origin, and the western edge is covered by the old granite, gneisses, and migmatite of Western Nigeria, while the remaining area is covered by the cretaceous sedimentary deposits. The entire area was divided into forty-eight sections. Spectral Depth Analysis was run for each of these forty-eight sections; the result shows that a maximum depth above 7 km was obtained within the cretaceous sediments of Idah, Ankpa, and below Udegi at the middle of the study area. Minimum depth estimates between 188.0 and 452 meters were observed around the basement regions. Results from Source Parameter Imaging show a minimum depth of 76.983 meters and a maximum thickness of sedimentation of 9.847 km, which also occur within Idah, Ankpa, and Udegi axis. The disparity observed in depth obtained by each method is discussed based on the merit and demerit of each method, and the depths obtained were compared with results from previous researchers. Geophysical implication of the result to oil and gas exploration in the area is briefly discussedItem Evaluation of Amino Acids in the Milk Preparations from Tiger Nut Rhizome and Its Mixed Varieties(IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 2013-10) Salau, Rasaq Bolakale; Aminu, Muhammad; Bisiriyu, M. T; Bamidele, K. G; Bishir, UsmanThe amino acid composition of yellow and brown tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) milk preparations and their mixtures were studied. The mixed variety was prepared by mixing equal proportions of the two varieties. The milk preparation was obtained by blending and subsequent expression of the milk.. Protein analysis started with the hydrolysis of the milk preparation with HCl for 23hrs, and the resulting amino acids were quantified with amino acid analyser (Technicom TSM-1). The % nitrogen for the yellow, Brown and the mixture are 3.72, 3.24 and 2.22, respectively. Arginine has the highest value of 15.87, 16.22 and 19.20 g/100g respectively conferring the same order of amino acid basicity. Methionine and tyrosine are the lowest (0.60 and 0.63, 0.68 and 0.48, 0.49 and 0.48 g/100g protein) respectively. Tryptophan is not prominently associated with the myriad of essential amino acids of tiger nut milk. It was not detectable in any of the varieties. The overall result of the study showed that tiger nut milk is a rich source of protein. It can also be consumed as a valuable substitute for conventional cow's milk and other known milk sources. The milk prepared from the mixed variety exhibited a synergistic effect as it combined some beneficial amino acids that either of the two varieties lacks.Item Approximate Solution of SIR Infectious Disease Model Using Homotopy Pertubation Method (HPM)(Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 2013-11) S. Abubakar; N. I. Akinwande; O. R. Jimoh; F. A. Oguntolu; O. D. OgwumuIn this paper we proposed a SIR model for general infectious disease dynamics. The analytical solution is obtained using the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). We used theMATLAB computer software package to obtain the graphical profiles of the three compartments while varying some salient parameters. The analysis revealed that the efforts at eradication or reduction of disease prevalence must always match or even supersede the infection rate.Item Comparative assessment of natural radionuclide content of cement brands used within Nigeria and some countries in the world(ELSEVIER, 2014) E.O. Agbalagba; R.O.A. Osakwe; OLARINOYE, OYELEKEThe gamma spectrometric analysis of different brands of cement used as building and construction material in Nigeria has been carried out in this study. Samples of 12 brands of gray Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and 5 brands of white cement of six samples each were collected and analyzed for their radiological content using gamma spectrometry method. The average value of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K for OPC is 30.2 ± 10.4 Bq kg−1, 24.6 ± 7.1 Bq kg−1, and 251.3 ± 27.6 Bq kg−1 respectively and the average value for the white cement is 41.9 ± 16.7 Bq kg−1, 30.1 ± 9.4 Bq kg−1 and 340.2 ± 37.7 Bq kg−1 respectively. The total average content of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K for all the cement brand samples are 36.1 ± 13.6 Bq kg−1, 27.4 ± 8.3 Bq kg−1, and 295.8 ± 32.7 Bq kg−1 respectively. These values obtained are lower when compared to the world average values(226Ra-50 Bq kg−1,232Th-50 Bq kg−1and40K-500 Bq kg−1)forbuildingmaterials.Theestimatedradium equivalent activities (Raeq), representative index (Iγ), average absorbed γ-dose rate (D), the annual effective dose rate (AEDE), annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) external and internal hazard indices and the Excess life cancerrisk (ELCR)werelowerthantherecommendedsafelimitandarecomparablewithresultsfromsimilar studies conducted in othercountries. The evaluated mean gonadal dose equivalents of three cement brandsam ples were found to be higher than the world average for building material while others are less than the world average. A comparison of the average activity values obtained in Nigeria cement and other countries of the world show that those countries with history of high radionuclide solid minerals have activity concentration far above that of Nigerian cement, while these values agreed with those obtained in other countries.Item Water Quality Assessment around Kataeregi Artisanal Gold Mining Site, North-Central Nigeria(Nigerian Society of Mining Engineers (NSME), Book of Proceedings, 2014) Omanayin, Y. A.; Ogunbajo, M. I.; Amadi, A. N.; Abdulfatai, I. A.; Mamodu, A.Hydrochemical assessment was conducted on streams, mine ponds and hand-dug wells around Kataeregi gold mining site, along Minna- Bida road, North-central Nigeria. This was done in order to evaluate the suitability of water in the area for both domestic and irrigational purposes. Fifteen quality parameters: Temperature, pH, TDS, EC, SO4, NO3, HCO3, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Fe, As and Pb were analyzed. The abundance of the major ions was in order of Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Fe2+ for cations and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > PO43- for anions. The water was observed to be earth-alkaline fresh water, which is an indication of water from shallow aquifer system. The results of the field and laboratory revealed that the concentration of most of the parameters were below the maximum permissible limits for a safe drinking water recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) except for iron, sulphate and lead whose concentrations at some locations were slightly higher than their respective acceptable limits. The high content of iron and sulphate could be attributed to the oxidative weathering of pyrite associated with the gold mineralization in the area while high lead content observed in the area was due to the weathering and subsequent dissolution of galena, discarded by the artisanal miners during the exploration for gold.Item Application of Bootstrap Re-sampling Method to a Categorical Data of HIV/AIDS Spread across different Social-Economic Classes(Scientific & Academic Publishing, 2015) A. O. Bello; F. A. Oguntolu; O. M. Adetutu; J. P. OjedokunThis research reports on the relationship and significance of social-economic factors (age, gender, employment status) and modes of HIV/AIDS transmission to the HIV/AIDS spread. Logistic regression model, a form of probabilistic function for binary response was used to relate social-economic factors (age, sex, employment status) to HIV/AIDS spread. The statistical predictive model was used to project the likelihood response of HIV/AIDS spread with a larger population using 10,000 Bootstrap re-sampled observations.Item Environmental Impact of Artisanal Gold Mining around Kataeregi Area, North-Central Nigeria(Nigerian Mining and Geosciences Society, 51st Annual Conference Book of Abstracts, 2015-03) Omanayin, Y. A.; Ogunbajo, M. I.The geology and geochemical studies of water, stream sediments and rocks from Kataeregi artisanal gold mining, North-central Nigeria was carried out with the aim of determining its host rocks, assessing the impact of such activity on the surrounding and evaluating the suitability of the water in the area for probable uses. The field work involves the collection of representative rock, water, and sediment samples along stream, mined and background areas within the location of study. The rock and sediment samples were analyzed for trace element concentrations using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Water samples were analyzed for cation, anion and trace elements determinations. The average concentration of these trace elements in rocks and sediments were compared with published average crustal abundances of the elements in upper continental crust and the water compared with Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ, 2007) and World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) Standards. Geological field mapping show that 60% of the total area is underlain by Migmatite Granite-Gneiss complex while Schist account for 20%. The geochemical analysis of the representative rock samples indicates probable Au-Ag-Hg mineralization with average concentrations of 0.16ppm, 2.53ppm, 0.21ppm respectively. Au is hosted by the Schist rocks found within the central portion of the study area while Ag and Hg occur in both Migmatite Granite-Gneiss complex and the Schist rocks. Geochemistry of the sediment samples revealed the sediments are enriched with elements such as Au (0.23ppm), Ag (2.59ppm), Hg (0.21ppm) and Mo (1.14ppm). Findings from the water analyses and Langguth trilinear diagram revealed the water to be earth-alkaline fresh water with high alkaline content, and mostly sulphate type. The elevated Pb content in water is attributed to the influence from local geology and gold mining activities while the Fe and SO4 could results in input from oxidative weathering of pyrite associated with the gold mineralization in the area. These trace metals like Hg in rocks and sediments, and Pb in water from the study area can get consumed directly or indirectly through food chain. They are potential toxic elements that can render water unfit, causes slow growth rate in plant and respiratory, nervous and reproductive disorder in man. Regulations should be put in place to curtail excessive ground opening during mining, environmentally friendly and scientific usage of mercury in gold processing encouraged, and indiscriminate mined waste disposal discouraged. However, it is advisable to explore and exploit for Ag to compliment Au exploitation in the area. Keywords: Geology, Artisanal gold mining, Sediment Geochemistry, Water Quality, Kataeregi. North-central NigeriaItem Reformulation of Block Implicit Linear Multistep Method into Runge Kutta Type Method for Initial Value Problem(International Journal of Science and Technology Publications UK, 2015-04) Muhammad R; Y.A Yahaya; A.S. AbdulkareemIn this research work, we reformulated the block hybrid Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF) for 𝑘=4 into Runge Kutta Type Method (RKTM) of the same step number for the solution of Initial value problem in Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE). The method can be use to solve both first and second order (special or general form). It can also be extended to solve higher order ODE. This method differs from conventional BDF as derivation is done only onceItem 2-DIMENTIONAL MODELS OF THE STRUCTURAL FEATURES WITHIN THE LOWER BENUE AND UPPER ANAMBRA BASINS NIGERIA, USING (2009) AEROMAGNETIC DATA(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED),, 2015-08) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, ABU MallamAnalysis base on the CET shows that the basement rocks to the North and Southern edge of the study area intrude into the sedimentary formation. At the lower (middle-portion) of the study area (within Angba and Otukpo sheets) are structures that are Basaltic rocks that intrude into the basement. It is believed that these structures must have predated the depositional period of the sedimentary formation. Several fracture and fault lines are detected on the CET map, most prominent among is that which start from the Eastern end (latitude 7.450 and longitude 8.300 ) and ends at the Southern end (Latitude 7.000 longitude 7.450 ).cutting the South Western corner of the study area diagonally. Secondly is that which runs vertically and is parallel to the course of River Niger within this area, supporting the assertion that the River Niger is structurally controlled. The 2-dimentional models of the six profiles revealed sedimentary formations whose susceptibility values are zero (0). Maximum depth of about ten (10) kilometers was obtained within the Southern end of the study area, but a maximum thickness of sedimentation of about four (4) kilometers was observed on profile six within Nkporo formation. The basement susceptibility varies from 0.002 to 0.004 but in some places it is as high as 0.007. Structural, 2-dimensional, Exploration Targeting, Total Magnetic IntensityItem Assessment of Water Quality of Bosso Water-Board using Weighted Arithmetic Index Method(36th AGM and 16th International Annual Conference of the Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers (NIAE, GOBARAU, 2015), Katsina State, 2015-10-15) Animashaun, I. M.; Otache, M. Y.; Ojodu, A. B.,; Kuti, I. A.; Bisiriyu, M. T.; Garuba, A. OInformation on a method that can be used to ascertain status of potable water consumed by the public is very important. Water from Bosso Water-board was assessed at the Water Board and at the consumer end using Weighted Arithmetic Index Method. Water samples collected were analyzed for twelve parameters (pH, Electrical conductivity, Chloride, Total dissolve solids, Iron, Alkalinity, Nitrite, Nitrate, Zinc, Phosphate and E.coli). The results of the analysis were used in computing Water Quality Index. The index for Water-board, Location A, B, and C were 5.96, 119.13, 60.71 and 57.66, respectively. These results showed that water sample from Bosso Water-board is fit for drinking, but samples from the consumer end were unfit. The implication is that pipe borne water supply from the Boards can pose a threat to the health of the public when consumed.Item Investigation of the Phytochemical and Nutritional Potentials of Locally Prepared Aqueous Extract of Sorghum Vulgare’s Stalk(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2015-12) Salau, Rasaq Bolakale; Aminu, Muhammad; Bisiriyu, M. T.; Momoh, B. A.; Bishir, Usman; Ahmed, SalisuSorghum vulgare is a beneficial plant whose stalks are still under-explored. The need to examine its nutritional and medicinal values becomes critical as its stalk decoctions are becoming widespread local drink preparations. Samples of sorghum (guinea corn) were obtained from six selected farmlands in Minna, the North central zone of Nigeria. They were dried, finely ground and kept as both whole and extract samples. Extraction by the decoction method was used. Proximate composition and elemental determinations were carried out on both sample types. Phytochemical screening was also carried out on only aqueous extract, which is the only form in which the local drinks are prepared and consumed. The proximate shows prominent contents of ash, crude fibre, crude fat and carbohydrate values of whole and extract samples value which are (3.00%, 15%), (36.47%, Nil), (16.00%, 11.50%), (32.41%, 73.05%) respectively. Similarly,, the mean load of major essential elements (Ca, Na, K and Mg) in mg/100g of the two forms showed (24.50, 40.30), (23.30, 15.70), (212.20, 142.90) and (14.00, 13.30). The mean load of trace essential elements: Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu gives (52.00, 25.00), (5.10, 5.60), (2.80, 2.70), and (0.70, 0.30), respectively. The aqueous extract showed a prominent presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, tannins and saponins,, while flavonoids were moderately present. The overall studies show that sorghum stalk possibly is not only capable of supplying nutrients but also could be a potential part of medicinal therapeutic formations.