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    An Appraisal of Household Domestic Energy Consumption in Minna, Nigeria.
    (IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology, 2012-12-06) Abdrazack, N.T.A.; Medayese, S.O.; Matins, V. I.; Idowu, O .O,; Adeleye B.M,; Bello, L.O
    One of the characteristics of African cities is uncoordinated urbanization with a trend of 4% annually, but the rate differs according to regions. Several factors are associated with urbanization such as lifestyle, consumption habit and pattern. The environment today is facing challenges from urbanization as consumption of resources such as land; water; energy, and air have changed to artificial environment. Energy consumption has been the driving force in global warming. Overtime, urbanization has been a great threat to sustainability of urban environment. However, kerosene and LPG that are supposed to be the major source of energy for cooking becomes unaffordable to low income households. This research was conducted in two residential areas of the identified neighbourhood and the choice of this neighbourhood is influenced by the fact that the phenomenon under study is more prevalent in the high and medium density localities. The effect of increase in electricity tariff, kerosene and LPG has shifted the focus of household source of cooking energy to biomass and this has been the cause of the environmental problems in the area which includes Indoor Air Pollution, Deforestation and Desertification. The analysis however shows a significant relationship between choice of energy and income.
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    Biostratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Wells BB-3, D-01 and BL-1X Deep Offshore, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria: Insights from Palynological Studies
    (Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2022-06) Usman, H.O.; Unuevho, C. I.; Chukwuma-Orji, J. N.; Alkali, Y. B.
    Biostratigraphic studies was carried out on BB-33, D-01 and BL-1X wells deep offshore Niger Delta Basin Nigeria. Palynological analysis was carried out on 295 ditch cuttings samples (BB-3 =82, D-01 =109, and BL-1X = 104). Open hole geophysical log data was also provided for the studied intervals 10700-15600 ft, 8060-16800 ft and 7900-13000 ft in BB-3, D-01 and BL-1X wells respectively belonging to the Agbada Formation. Lithologically, the section varies from alternation of sand and shale units with carbonaceous debris, mica flakes, ferruginised materials and glauconites at some intervals as accessory minerals. Palynomorphs recovered from the analyzed intervals were mainly Zonocotites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, fungal spores/hypae, species of Sapotaceoidaepollenites and Laevigatosporites and were found to dominate the microfloral assemblage of the analyzed intervals. Sphaeromorph, acritarch, species of Leoisphaeridia coupled with Pediastrium, Botryococuss, Operculodinium centrocarpum, Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Achomosphaera ramulifera, Spiniferites ramosus and indeterminate dinoflagellate cysts were the marine indicators present. Samples from the section are dated early Miocene to early Pliocene age based on the independent paleontological evidences. The deduced depositional environments of the strata penetrated by the wells range from outer neritic through bathyal to deep marine.