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Item Flexural Strength of Revibrated Concrete Using Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) as Partial Replacement for River Sand(Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering,, 2020-10-10) YUSUF, Abdulazeez; A. I. EmmanuelRiver sand is one of the major concrete constituents. Sand mining from rivers results in several environmental problems which leads to destruction of river banks among others. The use of IOT as a substitute for river sand is capable of addressing this problem. The effect of partial replacement of river sand with IOT on the flexural strength of revibrated concrete was studied in this paper. Sieve analysis, bulk density specific gravity and water absorption tests were conducted on the IOT, river sand and crushed granite to ascertain their suitability for use in concrete. A mix ratio of 1:2.1:2.7 and water-cement ratio of 0.5 was used to prepare concrete mixes with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 100% IOT as sand replacement. A total of 63 prisms of size 100 x 100 x 500 mm were cast and revibrated 30s for 3 minutes within 1 hour to provide samples to be tested for flexural strength at 7, 14 and 28 days curing age. Results revealed that the workability of concrete decreased with increase in percentage of IOT. Highest flexural strength was noted with concrete containing 100% IOT at all curing ages. Flexural strength model was proposed as a function of % IOT at 28 days curing age. It was recommended that IOT can be used as either partial or total replacement for river sand in concrete.Item Reliability studies on reinforced concrete beam subjected to bending forces with natural stone as coarse aggregate(Springer, 2021-10-10) Daniel Ndakuta Kolo; James Isiwu Aguwa; Theophilus Yisa Tsado; Mohammed Abdullahi; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Sikiru Folahan OritolaThis paper presents the results of structural reliability analysis of a structural element (beam) in building using First-order reliability method (FORM) to ascertain the level of safety. The natural stone (NS) which is the by-product of Precambrian deposits of the Bida trough was used as coarse aggregate: unwashed and washed aggregates were used. A total of 80 concrete cubes of 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm were cast and used for this study, sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the span, depth, effective depth, area of shear reinforcement and dead load of the beam in bending. The result of the sensitiv ity analysis revealed that the beam utilising unwashed and washed NS are both structurally safe at a span of 3000 mm with probabilities of failure of 9.20 × 10–5 and 2.06 × 10–8 and both safe at a depth of 600 mm with probabilities of failure of 4.19 × 10–4 and 2.602 × 10–4, respectively, in bending.Item Models to predict the fresh and hardened properties of palm kernel shell concrete.(Malaysian journal of civil engineering, 2022) Kolo, Daniel Ndakuta; Tsado, T.Y; Abbas, B.A; Adamu, H. NConcrete is an assemblage of Cement, aggregates and water, the most frequently used fine aggregate for concrete production is sand sourced from river banks. The continuous exploitation of available granite conventionally used as coarse aggregate in concrete production coupled with rapid infrastructural development has resulted in its scarcity and often high cost. The suitability of utilising Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete production was examined in this paper. Preliminary tests were conducted on all aggregates to determine their suitability for concrete production. Concrete with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% PKS-coarse aggregate content was cast with a mix ratio of 1:2:4. The freshly prepared Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC) was cast in moulds measuring 150 x 150 x 150mm and cured using ponding method. The Compressive strength result shows that an increase in the PKS content results in a decrease in compressive strength of concrete. Linear regression models for the slump and compressive strength of the PKSC were developed and found to be sufficient in predicting the compressive strengths with R2 values of 96% and 92 % respectively.Item Statistical Model for Predicting Slump and Strength of Concrete Containing Date Seeds(Covenant Journal of Engineering Technology (CJET), 2021) Yusuf, A; Jamal, J. O.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Aminulai, H. O.Incorporating agro-based waste in concrete can reduce environmental pollution and lead to preserving the ecosystem. In order to reduce trial and error in achieving desired slump and compressive strength of concrete containing Date Seed (DS), this paper examines the slump and compressive strength of concrete using date seeds as a partial replacement for crushed granite. Preliminary tests were conducted on the aggregates to ascertain their suitability for concrete production. Concrete with DS-crushed granite ratios of 0:100, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, and 20:80 were prepared using a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a water-cement ratio of 0.5. Slump loss was used to estimate the workability of the fresh concrete. The freshly prepared concrete was cast in 150 x 150 x 150 mm and the compressive strength was determined after curing by full immersion in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Results showed that the slump of concrete increased with an increase in the content of date seed. The compressive strength was inversely proportional to the date seed content with a DS crushed granite ratio of 20:80 recording the lowest compressive strength (20N/mm2). Linear regression models for slump and compressive strength were developed and found to be sufficient in explaining the experimental data based on a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.37 and 0.029 and R2 of 88% and 99% obtained for slump and compressive strength respectively. The study has concluded that DS can be used as a partial replacement for crushed granite in concrete and a linear model is sufficient in predicting the slump and strength of concrete containing date seeds.Item PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE WITH WASTE GLASS IN CONCRETE MADE FROM BIDA NATURAL AGGREGATE(3rd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2019) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2019) Alhaji, B.; Kolo, D. N.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Yusuf, A.; Abdullahi, A.; Mohammed, S.This study reports the experimental investigation on the suitability of waste glass as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete made using Bida natural aggregates (BNA). Glass is widely used in our daily lives through manufactured products such as sheet glass, bottles, glassware, and vacuum tubing. It is an ideal material for recycling. The increasing awareness of glass recycling speeds up inspections on the use of waste glass with different forms in various fields. Mix ratio of 1:2:4 batched by weight with water – cement ratio of 0.55 was used. The percentage replacement varied from 0% to 40% at 5% intervals. Slump test was conducted to assess the workability of the fresh concrete. The compressive strengths and densities of cured concrete cubes of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were evaluated at 7, 21 and 28days. A total of 81 concrete cubes were cast and tested. It was observed that an increase in the percentage replacement of fine aggregate with waste glass reduces workability, density and compressive strength. The compressive strength and density vary with days of curing. The findings of this study indicated that the optimum replacement percentage of waste glass with conventional fine aggregate was 20%. However waste glass can effectively be used as fine aggregate replacement (up to 40%) without substantial change in concrete strength.Item Reliability Studies on Reinforced Concrete Column Subjected to Axial Load with Natural Stone as Coarse Aggregate(NAUJournalofCivil Engineering (NAUJCVE), 2024) Kolo, D. N.; Aguwa, J. I.; Abubakar, MahmudThis paper presents the reliability assessment of a reinforced concrete column subjected to Axial loading. Locally available natural aggregate (NA) was used in concrete production, the results of preliminary tests revealed the aggregate was adequate for concrete production. A typical column cross section of 230 × 240 × 3000mm was adopted and probabilistically assessed. First Order Reliability Method (FORM) was employed to estimate the implied probabilities of failures. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the reinforced concrete column is structurally safe at length, breadth and depth of 3200, 240 and 230 mm with Probability of Failures of 1.14 ×10-3, 8.45 × 10-4and 8.45 × 10-4 respectively.Item Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with waste Glass in Concrete made from Bida Natural Aggregate(. Proceedings of the 3rd International Engineering Conference, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria, 2019-02-05) Alhaji, B.; Kolo, D. N.; Abubakar M.; Yusuf A.; Abdullahi, A.; Shehu, M.This study reports the experimental investigation on the suitability of waste glass as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete made using Bida natural aggregates (BNA). Glass is widely used in our daily lives through manufactured products such as sheet glass, bottles, glassware, and vacuum tubing. It is an ideal material for recycling. The increasing awareness of glass recycling speeds up inspections on the use of waste glass with different forms in various fields. Mix ratio of 1:2:4 batched by weight with water cement ratio of 0.55 was used. The percentage replacement varied from 0% to 40% at 5% intervals. Slump test was conducted to assess the workability of the fresh concrete. The compressive strengths and densities of cured concrete cubes of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were evaluated at 7, 21 and 28days. A total of 81 concrete cubes were cast and tested. It was observed that an increase in the percentage replacement of fine aggregate with waste glass reduces workability, density and compressive strength. The compressive strength and density vary with days of curing. The findings of this study indicated that the optimum replacement percentage of waste glass with conventional fine aggregate was 20%. However waste glass can effectively be used as fine aggregate replacement (up to 40%) without substantial change in concrete strength.Item Structural Reliability Studies on Pulverized Glass Powder Concrete Subjected to Bending Forces with Natural Aggregate(Ethiopian International Journal of Engineering and Technology (EIJET), 2024-02-01) Kolo, D. N.; Aguwa, J. I.; Hadi, A. M.; Shehu, M.; Ashraf, M.L.M.The shortage of housing and basic infrastructure in Nigeria is increasing with a continuous rise in the price of construction materials. Cement is a major component in concrete production. Its production, however, is accompanied by huge carbon dioxide emissions. This research presents the results of structural reliability analysis conducted on reinforced concrete beam produced with pulverized glass powder as partial replacement for cement with Natural aggregate (NA) as coarse aggregate by subjecting it to bending forces. First order reliability method (FORM) was employed to determine the level of safety of the beam. The result of the sensitivity analysis showed that the pulverized glass powder beam with NA as coarse aggregate is structurally safe at a span of 3000 mm and depth of 600 mm with probabilities of failure of 1.00 × 10-3 and 1.04 × 10-3 respectively.Item Reliability Assessment of Natural Aggregate Pulverized Glass Powder Concrete Beam Subjected to Shearing Forces(Journal of Computational Engineering and Physical Modeling, 2023-01-02) Kolo, D. N.; Kolo, S. S.; Abdulazeez, M. H.Cement is the most expensive ingredient in the process of making concrete. Reducing the quantity of cement used in the production of concrete with Pulverized glass powder (PGP) will reduce the cost of concrete production and help tackle environmental, disposal and CO2 emission challenges. The results of structural reliability assessment performed on Pulverized glass powder concrete produced using locally sourced Natural aggregate (NA) as coarse aggregate. Concrete cubes measuring 150 × 150 ×150 mm were cast, cured for 28 days and tested using the universal compressive testing machine. First order reliability method (FORM) was employed to determine the level of safety of the reinforced concrete beam. Result of sensitivity analysis under shearing forces shows the beam is structurally safe at a span of 3250 mm with Probability of failure (Pf) of 1.14 × 10-3 , Effective depth of 459 mm and corresponding Probability of failure (Pf) of 5.77 × 10-8 and an Area of Shear reinforcement (Asv) of 201 mm2 with Probability of failure (Pf) of 5.01 × 10-5 .Item Development of Statistical Models to predict the compressive strength of concrete produced using Quarry dust as partial replacement of fine aggregate(LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies, 2022-01-12) Kolo, D. N.; Enwongulu, J. O.Concrete is an assemblage of Cement, aggregates and water. The most frequently used fine aggregate for concrete production is sand sourced from river banks. The continuous use of this river sand as a result of rapid infrastructural development has resulted in its scarcity and often high cost. This paper examines the suitability of using quarry dust (QD) as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete production. Preliminary test (specific gravity) was conducted on the aggregates to determine their suitability for concrete production. Concrete with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% QD – Fine aggregate content was cast with a mix ratio of 1:2:4. The freshly prepared Quarry Dust Concrete (QDC) was cast in moulds measuring 150 x 150 x 150mm and cured using ponding method. The Compressive strength result shows that replacement of fine aggregate with QD leads to a general increase in compressive strength of concrete. Statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was utilised to develop the linear regression models for the 7 and 28 days compressive strength of the QDC. The developed models were found to be sufficient in predicting the 7 and 28 days compressive strengths with R2 values of 98.9% and 95.2 % respectively.