Journal Articles
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Item Hydraulic Transient Analysis of a Petroleum Pipeline Transporting Dual Purpose Kerosene Using Modelling and Simulation Approach(Premier Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2020-04-21) Muhammad, .A. B.; Nasir, .A.; Ayo, .S. A.; Bori IgeHydraulic transient analysis of a pipeline transporting dual purpose kerosene (DPK) was carried out in this research using simulation approach. Many petroleum pump stations and pipelines experience leakages and failures at their nodes due to changes in flow parameters that lead to hydraulic transient. Such types of unsteady situations are encountered frequently in pipelines where the valves are suddenly closed. WANDA Transient 4.5.1210 commercial software was used for the analysis of hydraulic transient. Variation in pressures and discharges with respect to time after the closure of a gate valve at the downstream of a pipeline were observed. It was observed in the study that pressure at node F rise significantly up to about 1354 kPa against the initial inlet pressure of 120 kPa due to the instantaneous valve closure and it was also observed that pressure at node B drops to a negative pressure of -101 kPa and hence the formation of cavitations at that node B and pipe P2. The analysis showed that the magnitude of the pressure surge decreases as the valve closure is increased. The research recommended that surge tanks should be installed at node F to stabilize the pressure surge and also air vessels are to be installed at nodes B to curtail damages due to cavitations.Item Investigation of the Effects of Hydraulic Transient due to Instantaneous Valve Closure in a Petroleum Pipeline(NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2020-06-01) Muhammad, .A. B.; Nasir, .A.; Ayo, .S. A.; Bori IgePressure surge analysis of petroleum pipeline transporting automotive gas oil (AGO) also known as Diesel oil was carried out in this research work. Pressure transient analysis is often more significant than the steady state analysis that engineers usually use in pipeline design. Pressure transient analysis helps to understand the additional pressures the pipeline can be subjected to as a result of instantaneous rapid valve closures or pump failure. The fluid pressure and flow rate in the pipeline system may change significantly at some intervals of time due to the valve closure and such types of unsteady situations are encountered more often in pipelines where the valves are suddenly closed. In this paper, pressure surge due to instantaneous valve closure in a petroleum pipeline conveying AGO was studied in a virtual environment. WANDA Transient 4.5.1210 commercial software was used for the analysis of the pressure surge in the pipeline due to instantaneous valve closure time of 4.75s. It was observed in the study that pressure at some nodes rise significantly up to about 1400 kPa against the initial inlet pressure of 120 kPa due to the instantaneous valve closure and it drastically drops at some nodes to negative pressure of about -100 kPa and hence the formation of cavitations. The analysis showed that the magnitude of the pressure surge decreases as the valve closure is increased.Item Numerical Investigation of Thermomechanical Fatigue Behavior in Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Blades(NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2021-08-31) Orah, .A. M.; Nasir, .A.; Hassan, .A. B.; Bori IgeThe hot gas component of the gas turbine engine comprises the burner, the turbine stages, and the exhaust nozzles/ducts. However, the turbine blades experience high thermal and mechanical loading. As a result, they suffer thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF). The design process usually involves the appropriate selection of the turbine blade materials. Therefore, the need to carry out thermo-mechanical fatigue studies on gas turbine blades to predict blade life. During TMF loading, fatigue, oxidation, and creep damages are induced, and the relative contributions of these damages vary with the different materials and loading conditions. The study employed the finite element method to examine the high temperature and stress effects on the blades during TMF. The blade material considered in this study is a nickel-based super-alloy, Inconel 738 Low Carbon (IN738LC). The finite element method predicted the temperature and stress distributions in the blade, illustrating the blade sections prone to damage during thermomechanical fatigue. The equations from the law of heat conduction of Fourier and the cooling law of Newton predicted the heat transfer process of the interaction between the blade, hot gases, and cooling air. Therefore, the finite element method is suitable for studying the thermomechanical fatigue behavior of turbine blade metals, which is a precursor to blade life predictions.Item Investigation of the Temperature Variations in Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Blade Cooling(Journal of Materials Engineering, Structures and Computation, 2023-11-22) Orah, A. .M.; Nasir, .A.; Hassan, .A.B.; Bori Ige; Ayo, .S. A.In order to improve performance and efficiency, modern-day gas turbines operate at high temperatures. It is essential to use suitable cooling techniques on the blade and other hot areas since the elevated temperatures might exceed the metal melting temperature of the turbine blades. This paper presents the numerical modelling of heat exchange in a cooled aerodrivative gas turbine blade depending on the Newton’s law of cooling equation as governing equation, then integrating the heat transfer coefficient by convection into the alternating direction implicit (ADI) approach of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Based on the chosen boundary conditions and the gas turbine's intended cooling characteristics, a model for the heat transfer problem was created. A MATLAB code was developed to ascertain the temperature variations inside a cooling blade for a half-hour in-service operation. This study found a temperature difference between the transient and final temperature values of roughly 25 to 300oC, demonstrating the heat transfer process between the hot gases and the coolant air. It inferred effective heat transmission from the blades to the cooling air because the temperature differential within the blades did not rise over the melting point of the blade material and it yielded an average blade temperature of 400°C. Thus, the ADI technique is appropriate for heat transfer design calculations for intricate devices such as the gas turbine engine.Item Cavitational Deterioration of Diesel Power Plant Cylinder Liner(Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, 2020-12-10) Bako, .S.; Nasir, .A.; Bori Ige; Musa, .N.The generating station in which diesel engine is used as a prime mover for generating electrical energy is known as diesel power plant. The cylinders liner are cylindrical component that are fixed inside the engine block. The function of the cylinder liners is to retain the working fluid and to guide the piston. Most diesel power plant uses wet-cylinder liners that are exposed to intensive cavitation. The paper aimed at studying the behavior of the cylinder liners that can lead to cavitation. The analysis involves, modeling and simulation in using Solidworks Software. The analysis shows that the cylinders are subjected to harmonic vibration resulting to momentary separation of the coolant from the cylinder wall, creating a pressure difference around the coolant surface which forms air bubbles. These bubbles explode at an extreme velocity. The explosion of these bubbles release surface energy known as cavitation. The energy hammers the cylinder liner surface thereby removing minute particles of metal from the surface of the vibrating cylinder leading to cavitational deterioration. The paper hereby calls on automotive designers to take critical measures in designing of; cylinder liner, water jacket and the entire cooling system, in order to control this phenomenon.Item Stability Analysis of a Semi-Trailer Articulated Vehicle: A Review(International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology (Turkey), 2021-06-30) Bako, .S.; Bori Ige; Nasir, .A.; Musa, .N. A.Semi-trailer articulated vehicles are mainly used for transportation of goods and industrial products. The vehicles are made of two or more vehicular units that are coupled by a me-chanical device called, hitch point. The static and dynamic behavior of these vehicles differs from those of other vehicles, while accidents on these vehicles are fatal and disastrous. Therefore, there is need to know more about the static and dynamic characteristic of these vehicle, in order to ensure safety of lives and properties. This paper provides literature review on the aforementioned vehicle in order to have more insight on how to improve its stability. It was observed from the literatures review that, the higher the weight on this vehicle, the farther the distance of centre of gravity (CG) from the hitch point. This affects the safety margin against rollover stability of these vehicles. The fifth wheel lead, and the distance between the tractor, and the trailer CG were also found to play a vital role in influencing the stability of these vehicles. However, it was observed that, it would of great important for a tractor unit with one rear axle, to have the fifth wheel lead, to be as large as possible in order to control the vehicle instability. Therefore, due to the unusual behavior of these vehicles, more research works are needed in order to have more insight on the static and dynamic characteristic of these vehicles as to improve the safety of lives and properties.