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Item An ARDL Bound Approach to the Nexus of Minimum Wage Increase and Economic Growth in Nigeria(LAFIA JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, 2022) Habiba Mohammed-Bello Umar; Musa Abdullahi Sakanko; Musa Salihu Ewugi; Abubakar Alhaji Sadiqhis study examined the impact of the national minimum wage on economic growth in Nigeria. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model of econometric technique was employed to analyse the data, keeping GDP as the dependent variable and minimum wage as the independent variable. The study revealed that increment in minimum wage was positive and significant in both the long and short run to GDP, implying that an increase in minimum wage will raise the economic growth rate. Therefore, the three tiers of government and the private sector in Nigeria should implement and upgrade to the new National Minimum Wage of N30, 000 to improve the income and capacity of low-skilled employees to enhance their economic growth.Item THE BEHAVIOUR OF TAX REVENUE AMID CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE NON-LINEAR ARDL APPROACH(Economic Studies, 2022) Nurudeen Abu; Mohd Zaini Abd Karim; Joseph David; Musa Abdullahi Sakanko; Onyewuchi Amaechi Ben-Obi; Awadh Ahmed Mohammed GamalOne of Nigeria’s greatest challenges is the generation of adequate tax revenue to meet her rising expenditure, and the country has continued to contend with corruption, particularly in its public sector. We employ the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) technique to examine tax revenue behaviour amid corruption using Nigeria’s quarterly data over the 1999-2019 period. The result of the NARDL bounds test to cointegration demonstrates the presence of a long-run relationship between tax revenue and corruption along with income level, agriculture, inflation rate, foreign aid and female labour force participation. The results of estimation indicate the existence of asymmetry in tax revenue behaviour. We find evidence of a significant positive impact of negative changes in the control of corruption and a significant negative effect of positive changes in the control of corruption on tax revenue in the long run. Other long-run significant determinants of tax revenue in Nigeria include income level, foreign aid and female labour force participation. Based on these empirical outcomes, this study offers some recommendations.Item OIL PRICE AND PUBLIC EXPENDITURE RELATIONSHIP IN NIGERIA: DOES THE LEVEL OF CORRUPTION MATTER?(Economic Studies, 2022) Nurudeen Abu; Joseph David; Musa Abdullahi Sakanko; Ben-Obi Onyewuchi AmaechiWe employ the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach to examine if the oil price and public expenditure relationship are dependent on the level of corruption using Nigeria’s quarterly data during the 1996-2019 period. The result of the NARDL-bounds test to co-integration demonstrates that there is a long-run relationship between the variables, and we found evidence of long-run asymmetry in this relationship. The estimation results indicate that both positive and negative shocks to oil price have a significant positive effect on public expenditure in the long run, and the impact of oil price on public expenditure depends on the level of corruption. In addition, the marginal effect of oil price on public expenditure varies at different levels of corruption. Other important factors that drive public expenditure in Nigeria, in the long run, include spending on internal security and debt service. Based on these outcomes, we proffer some policy recommendationsItem Long-term Impact of FDI-Corruption Interaction on Domestic Investment in Nigeria(Economic Alternatives, 2024) Nurudeen Abu; Ben Obi; Mohd Zaini Abd Karim; Awadh Ahmed Mohammed Gamal; Musa Abdullahi Sakanko; Joseph DavidOver the past three decades, Nigeria has experienced unstable domestic investment and foreign direct investment inflows, and the country continues to face rising corruption and related problems. An ARDL technique has been adopted to explore the longterm FDI’s impact on domestic investment including evaluating if the FDI-domestic investment nexus is dependent on the control of corruption in Nigeria over this period. The bounds test result shows an evidence of a long-term relation amongst FDI, domestic investment and corruption control (including GDP per capita, lending rate, exchange rate and oil price). We find that increasing inward FDI reduces (crowd-out) domestic investment and greater corruption control (lowering corruption) leads to a higher domestic investment in Nigeria over the long-term. Also, the influence of FDI on domestic investment depends on (or varies with) the control of corruption. FDI crowd-in domestic investment at greater corruption control than at lesser corruption control in the long-term. Other significant long-term influencers of domestic investment are the exchange rate and oil price. Given these outcomes, the study offers some recommendations to boost domestic investment in Nigeria.Item LOGISTIC APPROACH OF THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON THE LIVELIHOOD OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN PLATEAU STATE(GUSAU JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (GUJEDS), 2023) Sunday Baba; Musa Abdullahi Sakanko; Sufiyanu Umma Yahaya; Emma, O. CollinsThe overall study's goal was to look into a logistic approach to the effects of financial inclusion on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in Plateau State. The study's particular goal was to find out if Financial Inclusion has a positive effect on the livelihood of smallholder farmers. The study's audience was smallholder farmers who were active in agricultural practices in Plateau State, Nigeria. The sample size was 399 households that par-took in agricultural practices in Plateau State. Primary data were gathered for the study using structured questionnaires. The collection of primary data was done through the administration of questionnaires to selected smallholder farmers. From the data collection process, the researcher was assisted by research assistants that made frequent follow-up on the respondents to ensure that high response rate was achieved. The study used the logistic regression model in carrying the analysis in order to achieve the objective of the study. The study found that financial inclusion plays a significant role in transforming the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Plateau State. Access to formal financial services such as savings accounts, credit facilities, and insurance products positively influenced farmers’ economic outcomes. The findings of this research study indicate that financial inclusion has a significant positive impact on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in Plateau State, Nigeria. Access to financial services and financial literacy were identified as crucial factors influencing farmers' economic well-being. However, variables such as age, gender, and education did not show significant effects in this context. Based on the research findings, the following recommendations are made: Improve access to financial services, strengthen financial literacy programs, targeted support for vulnerable groups and continuous monitoring and evaluation.Item INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF EXTERNAL DEBT ON THE BANKING SECTOR IN NIGERIA(ASUU JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, 2022) Musa Abdullahi Sakanko; Goshit Gideon Gokum; James, Obilikwu; Habiba Mohammed-Bello UmarThe study investigated the effect of external debt on the banking sector between 1981 and 2021 using the ARDLbounds test estimation technique. The test for cointegration result proves the incidence of a long-run association between external debt and the banking sector (with internal debt, inflation, foreign direct investment, exchange rate, and interest rate). The results confirm that external debt significantly improves long- and short-term banking performance. In addition, the internal debt, inflation, foreign direct investment, exchange rate, and interest rate were significant determinants of the banking performance in Nigeria. Therefore, external debt can finance investments in the banking sector, leading to tremendous economic growth and stability. This will increase the country’s creditworthiness and make it easier to access more external debts. Hence, we recommend that the banking sector has sufficient capital to absorb potential shocks from external debts. A strong banking sector can make external debts more manageable by providing the necessary liquidity to help manage debt obligations.Item Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion(Zakariya Journal of Social Sciences (ZJSS), 2023) Musa Abdullahi Sakanko; Sufiyanu Umma Yahaya; Salihu AbdullahiThe study employed the Probit regression on the National Bureau of Statistics general households survey data to appraise the effect of financial literacy on financial inclusion in Niger State. The estimation result shows that financial literacy positively and statistically influences financial inclusion options (account ownership, bank access, and credit access) in Niger state. Similarly, education status, age, and gender are determinants of financial inclusion. The study concluded that financial literacy is necessary for achieving financial inclusion. To encourage financial inclusion among youth, the government should include financial education in secondary school and tertiary to teach skills and information on how to utilize and manage financial services and products. The central bank should also mandate the financial institutions to establish customer financial advisory units to educate their clients on managing and using financial products and services available to them to create wealth, thus improving living standards.Item Financial inclusion and underground economy nexus in West Africa: evidence from dynamic heterogeneous panel techniques(Economic Change and Restructuring, 2024) Musa Abdullahi Sakanko; Joseph David; Nurudeen Abu; Awadh Ahmed Mohammed GamalDynamic Fixed Effects, Mean Group, and Pooled Mean Group estimators to explore the underground economy (UE) and financial inclusion (FI) relation for ten West African nations during the 2004–2021 period. Applying Pedroni cointegration test, the results present evidence of a long-term relation between UE and FI (alongside corruption, inflation rate, money supply, agricultural output, and trade). The results of panel estimation portray a long-term significant positive influence of FI on UE, but a short-term significant negative relation between FI and UE. In addition, corruption, money supply, and international trade have a long-term significant negative influence on UE, while inflation supports long-term expansion of UE. Also, a short-term significant negative relation exists between inflation (and trade) and UE, while a short-term significant positive relation is found between money supply and UE. The results of Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test signal a one-way causality from FI to UE. Therefore, policies geared toward enhancing FI, reducing corruption and money supply, and improving international trade are recommended to reduce UE.Item External Debt and Manufacturing Sector’s Performance in MINT Countries: Evidence from Dynamic Heterogeneous Panel Estimation Techniques(Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2024) Nurudeen Abu; Joseph David; Musa Abdullahi SakankoThe study assesses external debt’s impact on MINT countries’ (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkiye) manufacturing sector’s performance during the 1980–2021 period, using dynamic heterogeneous panel methods (i.e. dynamic fixed effects, mean group, and pooled mean group estimators). The findings portray the presence of long-term relation between external debt and manufacturing performance (alongside external debt service, inflation rate, population size, exchange rate, FDI, and agricultural output) based on the Kao’s residual cointegration test. The empirical outcomes portray a dampening impact of external debt on manufacturing sector’s performance during the short and long term. Moreover, external debt servicing, FDI, population size, and inflation rate promote the sector’s performance, but exchange rate (depreciation) hurts manufacturing performance. Furthermore, the Dumitrescu- Hurlin heterogeneous panel causality test portrays a one-way causality from external debt servicing (and exchange rate) to manufacturing sector’s performance and a two-way causality between manufacturing sector and population (and FDI and agricultural output). Thus, policies aimed at lowering external debt, lessening exchange rate variability and inflation rate, and boosting inward FDI are recommended to promote the sector’s performanceItem Does the mode of financing the budget deficit matter for inflation in Nigeria(African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 2025) Musa Abdullahi Sakanko; Kanang Amos Akims; Stephen Salawu GanaPurpose The motivation for this study is to determine whether inflation in Nigeria is driven by the Central Bank’s direct advances and Treasury bills/bonds as modes of financing the budget deficit. Hence, it examines whether the method of deficit financing significantly impacts inflation in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Based on the nature of the study and the availability of data in Nigeria, this study employs the ARDL bound test estimation technique to analyse annual time-series data from 1981 to 2021. Findings The ARDL bounds test approach to co-integration revealed a long-run co-integrating relationship between Central Bank advances, Treasury bills/bonds, and inflation in Nigeria. Furthermore, the ARDL results provide evidence of a negative and significant relationship between bonds and inflation in both the short and long run. In contrast, Central Bank advances exhibit a statistically significant direct effect on inflation in the short run and an indirect effect in the long run. Research limitations/implications The study focuses solely on Nigeria, limiting the applicability of the findings to other nations with differing economic structures or fiscal policies. Secondly, while the ARDL bounds testing approach is appropriate for the research context, it may not capture complex nonlinear relationships or structural breaks within the dataset. Lastly, the exclusion of additional potential determinants of inflation, such as external shocks, geopolitical factors, or exchange rate dynamics, could restrict the comprehensiveness of the analysis. Practical implications This study provides empirical evidence supporting the view that, to achieve lower inflation in Nigeria, policymakers should prioritize using bonds to finance the deficit budget, as they have been shown to have a short-and long-term deflationary effect on the economy. Originality/value The novelty of this study lies in categorizing deficit budget financing (Central Bank advances and Treasury bills) and identifying which has the greatest impact on inflation in Nigeria.