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Item EVALUATION OF RICE HUSK-GROUNDNUT SHELL BIOBRIQUETTE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR DOMESTIC COOKING IN NIGERIA(Journal of Inventive Engineering and Technology (JIET), 2022-02-26) Bori Ige; Muhammad, .A. B.; Maina, .M. B.; Iyodo, .H. M.This research work involves the evaluation of biomass briquettes produced from the blends of rice husk and groundnut shell as feed stocks and gum Arabic as a binder. Five briquettes of different compositions of groundnut shell/rice husk where produced and evaluated in this research. The moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, compressive strength, afterglow time, flame propagation time, heating value and water boiling test were investigated to determine the physic-thermal properties of the briquettes produced. The results of the investigation showed that moisture content of the briquettes ranged from 3.96 – 5.63%, the heating value ranges from 130, 62.2 – 141, 62.56 kJ/kg, the compressive strength also ranges from 5.63-10.2 kN/m2, the range of ash content is 6.10 - 9.32 %, for fixed carbon is 7.67 - 20.2 %, the after afterglow time ranges from 238-271 sec and the range for water boiling test time is 10m, 34s – 13m, .22s. These values satisfactorily compares well with values obtained by other researchers in the literature. Therefore, the groundnut shell-rice husk briquettes are good alternative source of thermal energy for cooking. It is an economical and also an environmental friendly source of energy and waste disposal.Item Techno-Economic Analysis of Combined Cycle Power Plants for Electricity Generation in Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), University of Nigeria, Nnsuka, 2022-09-10) Bori Ige; Orah, .A. M.; Ayo, .S. A.This paper presents a techno-economic approach to readily assess the profitability or otherwise of combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) for increased electricity production in Nigeria. As a case study for this analysis, a combined cycle gas turbine plant with 650MW installed capacity at Afam VI power station is used to evaluate the installation of a 1000MW and 1500MW CCPP economically. The results and analysis determined a Levelized cost of electricity of N41.57k/KWh and N34.09k/KWh for the 1500MW and 1000MW CCPP, respectively. It signifies an increase of 33.33% and 66.67% in the cost of electricity per kWh between the 1000MW and 1500MW plant capacities respectively, relative to the 650MW CCPP. Therefore, the low LCOE makes it economically viable to install the 1000MW CCPP for electricity production in the country. The paper also proposes upgrading existing gas-fired power plants in the country into combined cycle power plants for improved electricity supply.Item Development and Testing of a Heat Dissipation System Using Fins for a Motorcycle Exhaust Pipe(Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR), 2022-12-30) Okegbile, .O. J.; Oboakporhorho, .J. J.; Bori Ige; Babawuya, .A.; Bako, .S.; Musa, .N. A.The paper developed and investigate the use of fins as heat exchanger in dissipation of heat that arise from motorcycle exhaust pipe which can result in variety of degree of burns, affecting both users and passengers when in accidental contact with it. In this research work, copper pipe and aluminum fins were used because the heat transfer rate needs to be improved. The fabrication of the fins array was carried out with the use of 1mm aluminum material and 4mm copper pipe the base plate, the fins array are very potable and may be unfastened used on other exhaust pipes, since the fins are assembled with bolts and nuts. The analysis shows that the rate of heat transfer from the exhaust pipe (without fins) is1078W, while the heat transfer from the fins array was 2692.3W; which shows an increase in exhaust pipe heat transfer by factor of 2.5. Therefore, the risk of contacting serious burn when in accidental contact with the exhaust pipe has been reduced. It is hereby recommended that, the Semi rectangular fins profile can also be used for further research work because they are also effective, and the Copper fin may be considered for further work due to excellent thermal conductivity of the material.Item Investigation of the Temperature Variations in Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Blade Cooling(Journal of Materials Engineering, Structures and Computation, 2023-11-22) Orah, A. .M.; Nasir, .A.; Hassan, .A.B.; Bori Ige; Ayo, .S. A.In order to improve performance and efficiency, modern-day gas turbines operate at high temperatures. It is essential to use suitable cooling techniques on the blade and other hot areas since the elevated temperatures might exceed the metal melting temperature of the turbine blades. This paper presents the numerical modelling of heat exchange in a cooled aerodrivative gas turbine blade depending on the Newton’s law of cooling equation as governing equation, then integrating the heat transfer coefficient by convection into the alternating direction implicit (ADI) approach of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Based on the chosen boundary conditions and the gas turbine's intended cooling characteristics, a model for the heat transfer problem was created. A MATLAB code was developed to ascertain the temperature variations inside a cooling blade for a half-hour in-service operation. This study found a temperature difference between the transient and final temperature values of roughly 25 to 300oC, demonstrating the heat transfer process between the hot gases and the coolant air. It inferred effective heat transmission from the blades to the cooling air because the temperature differential within the blades did not rise over the melting point of the blade material and it yielded an average blade temperature of 400°C. Thus, the ADI technique is appropriate for heat transfer design calculations for intricate devices such as the gas turbine engine.Item Investigating the Effect of Coriolis Force In A Vibrating Pipeline(Advances in Multidisciplinary and Scientifc Research, 2022-03-30) Bori Ige; Mudjere, .K.; Okegbile, O. J.; Ayo, S. A.; Bako, S.Pipelines conveying fluids are bound to vibrate during operation and if not properly handled from the design stage, there will be tendency of failure. This paper aims at studying the behavior of a pipe under the influence of a coriolis force for when conveying crude oil and natural gas only. A pipe under fixed ends condition was considered using finite element method based on Hamilton principle to determine the deformation mode shape behavior pattern, and this was validated using ANSYS software simulations. It was observed that the pipe exhibited the same behavioral pattern for crude oil when Coriolis force was enabled in both the finite element method and the ANSYS software simulation method. On the other hand, it was observed that the pipe exhibited the same behavioral pattern for crude oil when coriolis force was not enabled in both the finite element method and the ANSYS software simulation method, though the ANSYS simulation method tend to exhibit a more uniform and accurate pattern than the finite element method because of the two elements considered in the finite element method. It is a known fact that the higher the number of elements, the more accurate the finite element results would be. In view of this limitation, it was recommended that for similar works to be carried out in future, the number of elements should be increased more than two for more accurate results.Item Design and Performance Evaluation of a Portable Solar Water Heater(Journal of Digital Innovations & Contemporary Research in Science, Engineering & Technology, 2022-03-20) Bori Ige; Uwah, E. J.; Bako, .S.; Okegbile, O. J.; Ayo, S. A.This paper presents design and performance evaluation of a solar water heater (SWH) using thermosyphon principles, thereby eliminating the use of electric water pump and reducing the cost of the entire system. There are many phenomena encouraging the application of solar water heating technology such as; electric power outage, high fuel price, rapid urbanization, low cost of installations, and governmental intervention. Therefore, there is need to encourage innovation in the field of solar technology. The design of this system was done using relevant equations to obtain the required dimensions of the various components of the system. The materials were selected based on design calculations, machining, availability and material cost. During the testing process, the first three days of testing the highest outlet temperature recorded was 650C. For the last three days of testing during the dry season, the highest outlet temperature recorded was 79.3 0C. The results showed that the system performs better during the dry season when the irradiance levels are higher. The highest irradiance recorded was 940 W/m2 on the sixth day of testing. The highest efficiency recorded from the system was 68.19% on the fourth day of testing. It is hereby recommended that, sensor and a flow meter should be installed for determining water level and for easy identification of flow rate.Item Wind Energy Resource Utilization: A Review of Its Necessity, Interception Technology and Implementation Challenges(Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, 2022-11-05) Ibrahim, H. I.; Ibrahim, J. O.; Eiche, J. O.; Bori IgeThe continuous use of non-renewable energy sources has caused a lot of harm to the earth’s atmosphere and humans. The need to increase the share of renewable energy in global energy usage has been strongly advocated internationally. In this work, wind energy was presented as a viable renewable energy option. Renewable energy with emphasis on wind energy, wind turbines and its types, the need for it to replace other injurious energy sources and the associated challenges hampering its deployment is a contribution toward the UN advocacy. The potential of wind energy and their technologies in terms of the turbine types: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) including their mix were reviewed. Looking at the pros and cons of both the HAWT and the VAWT, and those of Savonius and Darrieus, it is imperative to strike a balance using their combinations. Such a hybrid offers the benefit of harnessing the gains on either side of the divide. This is the reason attention is being devoted to research and development on combined VAWT in order to optimize the low starting torque of a Savonius with the high-performance coefficient of the Darrieus as the efficiency of VAWT increases when combined together with diverse modifications. With the volume of on-going research targeted at the implementation challenges and various design considerations and practices to solve the problems, it is certain that these impediments will be tackled technologically and policy wise and society will be on its way to better utilization of enormous wind energy resources via interception using wind turbines. The technical challenges on the pathway towards the smooth implementation of wind energy technologies were identified to include output fluctuations and intermittencies; and to which solutions were proffered to include the need for a technology to always align and realign the blade position in a way as to maximally interact with the current prevailing wind direction and another to reinforce the rotors rotational speed with an appropriate speed required to meet up the rated output. It was recommended that attention be devoted to research and development on the combined vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) in order to optimize the high starting torque of the Savonius turbine with the high-performance coefficient of the Darrieus turbine.Item Improving the Stability of Semi Trailer Articulated Vehicles(International Journal of Research in Science & Engineering, 2023-06-17) Bako Sunday; Dogo Jacob Nonom; Umar Muhammed Bello; Gora Nuhu Mba; Bori IgeThe transportation of industrial products is an important function of every industry involved in mass production. This is mostly done with the use of semi trailer articulated vehicles. The dynamics characteristic of these vehicles differs from those of other vehicles, and their accidents are fatal and destructive leading to lost of lives and valuable properties. Therefore, there is a need for continuous research and improvement of the stability of these vehicles. This paper aimed at reviewing literatures on improvement of stability of this vehicle in order to ensure safety of lives and properties. Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) such as Semitrailer Differential Braking Technique (SDBT), Roll Stability Control (RSC) system, Electronic Stability Control (ESC) system, Active Yaw Control (AYC) system, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller, Robust LQR (RLQR), were noted as an efficient method for combating the vehicle instability and loss of control. It was noted that the RWA is an important parameter for determining the rollover propensity of this vehicle., while a driver model would be of great important to investigate the interaction between the driver and Driver Assistance Systems (DAS).Item Numerical Simulation and Analysis of the Acoustic Properties of Bimodal and Modulated Macroporous Structures(Applied Sciences (MDPI), 2023-11-20) Otaru, A. J; Adeniyi, O. D.; Bori Ige; Olugboji, O. A.; Odigure, J. O.In recent decades, cellular metallic materials have increasingly been used for control of reverberation and cutback. These materials offer a unique combination of expanded pores, high specific surfaces, improved structural performance, low weight, corrosion resistance at high temperatures, and a fixed/rigid pore network (i.e., at the boundaries, porosity does not change). This study examines the ability of sphere-packing models combined with numerical modelling and simulations to predict the acoustic properties of bimodal and modulated bottleneck-shaped macroporous structures that can realistically be achieved through liquid melts infiltration casting technique. The simulations show that porosity, openings, pore sizes and permeability of the material have significant effects on acoustics, and the predictions are consistent with experimental data substantiated in the literature. The modelling suggests that the creation of bimodal structures increases the capacity of the interstitial pores and pore contacts. The result is improved sound absorption properties and spectra, characterised by a pore volume fraction of 0.73 and a mean pore size to mean pore opening ratio of 4.8 for the 50% volume bimodal structure created at a 10 m capillary radius. The importance of how pore structure-related parameters and existing fluid flow regimes can modulate the sound absorption performance of macroporous structures was revealed by numerical simulations of the sound absorption spectra for dual-porosity and dilated macroporous structures working from high-resolution tomography datasets. Sound absorption properties were optimised for structures having pore volume fractions between 0.68 and 0.76, maintaining the mean pore size to mean pore opening ratios between 4.0 and 6.0. Using this approach, enhanced and selfsupporting macroporous structures may be designed and fabricated for efficient sound absorption in specific applications.Item Development Of an Automated Dual Powered Kiln for Drying and Preservation of Fish(Iconic Research and Engineering (IRE) Journals, 2024-04-20) Ogundana, O.S.; Adejumo, B.A.; Orhevba, B. A.; Bori IgeFish smoking is a major activity in the fish industry. In most river-reining communities in Nigeria, where fish business is very prominent smoking operations are mostly carried out manually and under unhygienic conditions. The concept of the smoking kiln development is to ease the drudgery associated with traditional methods in the fish processing communities. The materials for the developed automated dual powered kiln for fish smoke-drying are locally and cheaply sourced. The developed automated dual powered kiln was made from angle iron and lagged with (composite materials) insulator to prevent heat loss, the smoking chamber consists of 3 set of trays of 0.57 x 0.57 x 0.021 m. It was a dual powered kiln of gas and electric heat sources (DC), its heating elements (heaters) are connected with the aid of wire gauze made from stainless steel placed in a compartment in the heating chamber. The developed automated dual powered kiln was tested with Cat Fish (Clarias Gariepinus) using gas and electric heat sources. Test results indicated an average operational temperature of 80⁰C and moisture loss of 50% on the smoked fishes. The kiln gave higher drying rate and quality of finished product was good in colour and dryness, indicating a long shelf life.