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2D ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING INVESTIGATION ON CAUSES OF ROAD FAILURE ALONG KUTIGI STREET, MINNA, NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA
(American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences. ISSN 2429-5396 I www.american-jiras.com, 2018) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, Joshua Ebuga Peter, Rafiu A.A., Udensi E.E, Salako K. A, Alhassan U.D
Background: Road failure is most common in developing countries and this has led to the loss of billions of dollars over decades due to either poorly constructed road and under maintained roads. The consequent daily loss of human life and economically significant properties, should make road failure an alarming issue to the Nigerian Government. A proper geophysical investigation must be conducted on the road to examine the subsurface soil characteristics Objectives: Consequently, this study investigate the causes of road failure along Kutigi Street to determine the geo-electric properties of the subsurface of the study area. Methods: The technique employed for this study was 2D Electrical Resistivity Wenner Array Method. Two profiles covering a distance of 300 meters each were established parallel to the road pavement along the stable and unstable sections of the road. Data were collected along the two profile using ABEM Terra meter SAS 4000. The observed field data were processed and inverted using 2-D modelling inversion algorithm (RES2DINV Software). Results: The results reveals the presence of low resistivity values at several portion of both profile A and Profile B. Resistivity values ranging from 9.25 Ωm – 115.30 Ωm to a depth of 11.25 m from the topsoil was observed along profile A and resistivity values ranging from 5.20 Ωm – 25.6 Ωm to a depth of 11.25 m from the topsoil was observed along profile B. Conclusions: The low resistivity values observed in both profiles comprises of expansive clay and sandy clay materials which has the tendency of absorbing water. These makes them swell and eventually collapse under imposed wheel load stress which leads to failure. Regions of the road with sandy and clayey materials should be excavated from the subsurface to a depth of 4 m – 6 m from the topsoil of the road and replaced with competent fill materials.
4-Step Block Hybrid Backward Differentiation Formula For Solving Second Order (BHBDF II) Ordinary Differential Equations
(2024) Hussaini Hajarat; Muhammad Raihanatu; Yusuf Abdulhakeem
This research work presents the derivation and implementation of a 4-step linear multistep method of block hybrid backward differentiation formula for solving nonlinear second-order initial value problems of ordinary differential equations. Collocation and interpolation methods are adopted in the derivation of the proposed numerical scheme where the legendary polynomial is adopted as a basic function. The 4-step BHBDF has higher order of accuracy p = 11 which implies that it is consistent. The proposed numerical block method is further applied to finding direct solution to nonlinear second order ordinary differentiation equations. This implementation strategy is more accurate than some existing methods considered in the literature.
A Homotopy-Perturbation analysis of the non-linear contaminant transport problem in one dimension with an initial continuous point source.
(NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH (NJTR), 2013-02-28) Aiyesimi, Y. M.; JIMOH, OMANANYI RAZAQ
In this research work, a Homotopy-perturbation analysis of a non –linear contaminant flow equation with an initial continuous point source is provided. The equation is characterized by advection, diffusion and adsorption. We assume that the adsorption term is modeled by Freudlich Isotherm. We provide an approximation of this equation using homotopy-perturbation transformation and solve the resulting linear equations analytically by homotopy-perturbation method. Graphs are plotted using the solution obtained from the method and the results are presented, discussed and interpreted. The research findings show that the concentration increases with time and decreases as distance increases.
A 3-Person Non-Zero-Sum Game for Sachet Water Companies
(Asian Research Journal of Mathematics, 2022-08-12) Nyor, N.; Muazu, M. I.; Somma, Samuel Abu
The business of Sachet water (popularly called pure water) in Nigeria is often competitive due to the high demand for Sachet water by the populace. This is so because sachet water is the most affordable form of pure drinking water in Nigeria. As such, Sachet Water Firms that want to succeed in an ever increasing competitive market need to have the knowledge of Game Theory to identify which strategy will yield better profit independent of the strategy adopted by other competitors. This paper is aimed to investigate and determine the equilibrium point for three Sachet Water Firms using the Nash Equilibrium Method as it provides a systematic approach for deciding the best strategy in competitive situation. The result showed two Nash Equilibriums (promo, promo) and (stay-put, stay-put) with their respective payoffs of (82; 82; 82) and (147; 147; 147).
A CATEGORICAL MODELLING APPROACH FOR DETERMINING RENTAL HOUSE PRICES IN LOW-INCOME NEIGHBOURHOODS OF NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA
(Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, 2022) Rukaiyat Adeola Ogunbajo; Rakiya Ibrahim Wali
Over the years, researchers in developing countries have applied varied methodologies to study housing attributes and house prices. This study utilised the categorical modelling approach to determine the contributory effect of housing attributes on rental house prices in a major town in North-Central Nigeria. A total of 827 housing units were sampled by stratified and random selection. The data used were generated through a questionnaire survey. Nine housing attributes were found to sustain residential buildings in the study area and these accounted for 45% and 61% variance in the rental prices of two major low-income house types. Results revealed that the identified housing attributes significantly predicted rental values for the sampled house types. The mean of predicted rental values was further computed for each house type and compared to the means of the actual rental values collated in the course of data collection and presented with line graphs. Results showed predicted values that are reasonably similar to the actual rental values of the dwelling units. This suggested a reasonably accurate prediction of rental house prices using the categorical regression approach. The study recommended the model to house managers to ensure accurate house pricing.
A Comparative Analysis of Gradient Descent-Based Optimization Algorithms on Convolutional Neural Networks
(IEEE, 2018) Dogo, E. M.; Afolabi, O. J.; Nwulu, N. I.; Twala, B.; Aigbavboa, C. O.
In this paper, we perform a comparative evaluation of seven most commonly used first-order stochastic gradient-based optimization techniques in a simple Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) architectural setup. The investigated techniques are the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), with vanilla (vSGD), with momentum (SGDm), with momentum and nesterov (SGDm+n)), Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSProp), Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam), Adaptive Gradient (AdaGrad), Adaptive Delta (AdaDelta), Adaptive moment estimation Extension based on infinity norm (Adamax) and Nesterov-accelerated Adaptive Moment Estimation (Nadam). We trained the model and evaluated the optimization techniques in terms of convergence speed, accuracy and loss function using three randomly selected publicly available image classification datasets. The overall experimental results obtained show Nadam achieved better performance across the three datasets in comparison to the other optimization techniques, while AdaDelta performed the worst.
A Comparative Analysis of Grillage method and Beam line analysis of a reinforced concrete waffle bridge deck
(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2022-01-12) 8. Adamu, H. N.; Abbass, B. A.; Abubakar, M.; Yusuf, A.; Kolo, D. N.; Shehu, M.
The analysis of reinforced concrete waffle bridge deck using chanchaga bridge as a case study was carried out with the aid of computer program written in MATLAB. The bridge deck which is a beam bridge was idealized to be a waffle slab. A mathematical model of the bridge was developed using the method of grillages because very complex shapes of problem domain with prescribed conditions can be handled easily using the method. The bridge deck was modelled as interconnection of grid elements. The analysis was carried out using direct stiffness matrix method. The nodal displacements and the resulting static internal forces; shear forces, bending moments and twisting moments of each grid element were determined using the matrix. The results obtained using the method of grillages were then compared with beam line analysis and the former method gave a 10% decrease in forces which will result in the reduction of overall design and materials by 10%.
A Comparative Analysis of Methods of Procuring Plant and Equipment in execution of Construction Projects
(Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2015) Alumbugu, Polycarp Olaku , Saidu, Ibrahim, Wasiu Adeniran Ola-awo, Abdulmumin Abdulazeez Adedeji Nike Shakira
Contractors encounter a lot of problems in decision making on how to acquire plant and equipment to execute project to attain cost effectiveness to either purchase or to hire. The paper examined the relationship between procurement method preference and some selected variables (value of contract, contract size, contract type and contract period) A total of 75 questionnaires were administered to different indigenous construction companies in Abuja using the random sampling method. The data were analysed using simple spearman correlation, simple percentage and Relative importance index. It was concluded that it is more economical to hire plants that are not frequently put to use (specialized plants). High cost of equipment was the major reason contractors preferred to hire than purchase plant. It was recommended that government should make efforts to reduce hire rate and a national Centre for manufacturing of construction equipment be established partnering with stakeholders in the construction industry.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO SEMI ANALYTIC APPROACHES IN SOLVING SYSTEMS OF FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Turkey., 2024-06-29) Khadeejah James Audu; Onifade Babatunde
The resolution of systems of first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is a critical endeavor with extensive applications in various scientific and engineering fields. This study presents a rigorous comparative assessment of two semi-analytic methodologies: the Variational Iterative Method (VIM) and the New Iterative Method (NIM). Addressing a significant research gap, our investigation explores the relative merits and demerits of these approaches. We provide a comprehensive examination of VIM, a well-established method, alongside NIM, a relatively less explored approach, to identify their comparative strengths and limitations. Furthermore, the study enriches existing knowledge in numerical methods for ODEs by highlighting essential performance characteristics such as convergence properties, computational efficiency, and accuracy across a diverse array of ODE systems. Through meticulous numerical experimentation, we uncover practical insights into the efficacy of VIM and NIM, bridging a critical knowledge gap in the field of numerical ODE solvers. Our findings demonstrate VIM as the more effective method, thereby enhancing the understanding of semi-analytic approaches for solving ODE systems and providing valuable guidance for practitioners and researchers in selecting the most appropriate method for their specific applications
A Comparative Study of Library and Information Science (LIS) Education: A case of Kenya and India
(The Global Education Network in Collaboration with the University of Lome, Togo, 2020) Goshie, Rhoda
Library and Information (LIS) as the name implies is a combination of two fields namely library and information science. The joint term is associated with schools of library and information science (SLIS). Most of the education transformation efforts worldwide are focused on how education, which is very laudable, but very little, is being done about the what. in this era of knowledge economy and information society, information is the driving force of any kind of societal development in all sectors of economy, intellectual and culture. The key is the delivery of information to the society. LIS is the academic and professional study of how information and information carriers are produced, disseminated, discovered, evaluated, selected, acquired, used, organized, maintained and managed. The origin growth and development of library programs varies from one country to another. The emergence of information and communication technologies (ICTs) particularly, the internet and other related technologies have brought about a fundamental and dramatic shift in global educational system which is changing by day. The purpose of this paper is to compare the library and information science (LIS) education in Kenya and India for the progress of the programs in other parts of the country. The paper listed the challenges that could likely stand as a stumbling block to LIS education. Recommendations were provided at the end of the paper
A comparative study of the radiation dose response of (ZnO)x(TeO2)1-x thin films for high energy X-ray application
(ELSEVIER, 2025) M.M. Idris; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Kolo, M. T.,; S.O. Ibrahim; U. Rilwanc; M.I. Sayyedd
The current research work determines the X-ray radiation effects on the current–voltage (I-V) characteristics of zinc oxide-doped tellurium dioxide thin film as a dosimetric material for X-ray detection and measurement. Five thin-film samples of (ZnO)x(TeO2)1-x (where x =0.0 wt% (D1), 0.2 wt% (D2), 0.4 wt% (D3), 0.6 wt% (D4), and 1.0 wt% (D5)) were prepared with an aqueous solution of zinc acetate dehydrate and tellurium dioxide precursor on a soda-lime glass substrate using the spray pyrolysis technique. XRD study revealed a polycrystalline structure of the films and showed diffraction peaks belonging to paratellurite TeO2 and wurtzite ZnO in all film samples. A peak shift was observed, indicating the presence of ZnO in the TeO2 crystal lattice. FESEM imagery revealed roughness and the film grain size, which decreased when the concentration of ZnO increased. The optical assessment showed superior transparent behavior in the spectrum of visible light and a minor fall in the optical band-gap value when the concentration of ZnO increased. The I-V characteristic obtained for all the thin-film samples showed a linear increase of current as a function of the applied voltages and X-ray doses ranging from 0.0 to 6.0 V and 50–250 cGy, respectively. The I-V characteristic response of the thin-film samples studied were in the order of D3 >D1 >D2 >D4 >D5. The thin films’ dosimetric sensitivity (minimum measurable dose) values were in the range of 0.610–2.180 mAcm2Gy 1 (0.4590–1.6390 mGy) for D1, 0.370–0.940 mAcm2Gy 1 (1.0640–2.7030 mGy) for D2, 0.610–2.280 mAcm2Gy 1 (0.4390–1.6390 mGy) for D3, 0.00200–0.005280 mAcm2Gy 1 (189.3940–357.1430 mGy) for D4, and 0.00040–0.00150 mAcm2Gy 1 (250.0000–666.6670 mGy) for D1. The R2 value (linearity error) of the I-V plots were in the range of 0.879–0.951 (0.0025–0.0057) for D1, 0.966–0.998 (0.0006–0.0025) for D2, 0.869–0.913 (0.0035–0.0065) for D3, 0.860–0.952 (0.000009–0.00005) for D4, and 0.922–0.978 (0.000002–0.000004) for D5. The ZnO-TeO2 thin-film sensor is therefore a candidate material that can be used for miniaturized radiation measuring devices that can be accommodated in smart devices such as smart watches and smart phones
A comprehensive investigation on the role of PbO in the structural and radiation shielding attribute of P2O5 – CaO – Na2O – K2O – PbO glass system.
(SPRINGER, 2021) Al-Harbi, N., Sayyed, M. I., Kumar, A., Mahmoud, K. A.,; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Alhuthali, A. M., & Al-Hadeethi
This study presents the synthesis, physical, structural and gamma-ray shielding characteristics of 40P2O5–20CaO–(30-x)Na2O-10K2O–xPbO (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mol%) glasses. The glass samples coded as PbCKNP1, PbCKNP2, PbCKNP3, PbCKNP4, and PbCKNP5 were prepared using the melt quench method. Na2O substitution by PbO influenced the molar volume and mass density of the glasses. Structural analysis of the glasses using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed amorphous structure. The photon shielding parameters of the glasses examined via the Monte Carlo simulation code (MCNP-5) revealed that the glasses’ shielding ability improved as PbO content increased. The highest simulated linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) achieved at 0.015 MeV increased from 21.46 to 159.07 cm-1 as the PbO concentration increased from 0 and 20 mol%. The LAC for all fabricated glass samples showed an exponential reduction trend with gamma photon energy. Based on the simulated LAC values, calculated mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), transmission factor (TF), and radiation shielding capacity (RSC), PbCKNP5 possessed the best gamma-ray protection ability among the investigated glasses.
A decade bibliometric analysis of underwater sensor network research on the Internet of Underwater Things: An African perspective
(Springer, Cham, 2020) Salami, A. F.; Dogo, E. M.; Makaba, T; Adedokun, E. A.; Muazu, M. B.; Sadiq, B. O.; Salawudeen, A. T.
Recent advancements in cloud computing (CC) and the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) have tremendously revolutionized terrestrial wireless sensor networks (TWSN) communication. These have resultantly paved the way for the practical realization of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) and the emergence of the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT). The need for better environmental monitoring within the context of smart cities and the recent spate of global natural disasters has further aroused research interest in IoUT which has motivated a number of UWSN innovations, such as the development of tethered remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROUVs), untethered autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), unmanned/autonomous surface vehicles (USVs/ASVs) and other smart underwater technologies. While these inventions hold promising prospects for technologically advanced countries, the same assertion cannot be made for most African countries due to challenges inherent in research and development activities into critical IoUT/UWSN projects in the region. This chapter conducts a systematic bibliometric analysis that highlights the knowledge base for core research works in UWSN globally and within the African region. This research discovered 1025 peer-reviewed articles in 5 Scopus-indexed document sources published between 2008 and July 2019. Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer science mapping software tool was used to analyse the retrieved data from Scopus repository. The bibliometric analysis was used to evaluate specific criteria, namely, major subject area, document sources, most cited and productive authors, countries, institutions, funding institutions and most used keywords. The findings of this research indicated that UWSN/IoUT research is still in its infancy in the African region. This chapter concludes by highlighting vital missing links, essential research directions and unique technical recommendations that will be of relevance in helping the successful actualization of IoUT/UWSN research projects in Africa.
A decomposition approach for magnetohydrodynamics stagnation point flow over an inclined shrinking/stretching sheet with suction/injection
(International Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Modelling, 2023-09-27) A. Yusuf; G. Bolarin; F. A. Oguntolu; M. Jiya; Y. M. Aiyesimi
In this paper, the approximate solution to Magnetohydrodynamics Stagnation Point Flow over an inclined Shrinking/Stretching Sheet with Suction/injection was analyzed via the Adomian Decomposition. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) were reduced with the help of similarity variables to non linear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The effects of various pertinent parameters were presented numerically and graphically. Numerical comparisons were carried out with the existing literature and a good agreement was established. The angle of inclination was found to enhance the velocity profile.
A Global Asymptotic Stability of COVID-19 Diabetes Complication Free Equilibrium
(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2024-03-25) Yusuf, A,; Akinwande, N. I.; Olayiwola, R. O.; Kuta, F. A.; Somma, Samuel Abu
In this paper, a Mathematical modelling of COVID-19 incorporating the comorbidity of Diabetes was established base on the accompanying assumptions, a global asymptotic of the same model was developed by applying the theorem of Castillo-Chavez by fixing a point to be globally asymptotic stable equilibrium of the system, provided that and the two set conditions are satisfied. It is very clear that so the conditions are not met. Hence, may not be globally asymptotically stable when .
A groundwater-based irrigation modeling system that optimizing water use efficiency and ensuring long-term sustainability of groundwater resources.
(Maths Model Research Group, FUT, Minna, Nigeria, 2025-03-20) Y. Y. Alheri; N. Nyor; Khadeejah James Audu
A GSM-Based Remote Controlled Poultry Feed Dispensing System Using DTMF
(2016) Ahmed, A.; Olaniyi, O. M.; Dogo, E. M.; James, E.
Poultry rearing for small scale and commercial farmers has made large contribution in food production. With the recent decline in contribution of livestock subsectors to the national economy, there is a need to device a means of making poultry farming convenient, attractive and maximize yield. Automated Feeding is considered very important in poultry production; however, many famers in the tropical regions practice subsistence farming and mostly employ manual poultry feeding. This paper presents the development of a GSM-based remote-control poultry feed dispensing system via Dual Tone Multi-frequency (DTMF) for intermittent control of poultry feed dispensing. Proper knowledge in this area by farmer will help in running effective production and increase yield in meat and egg to maximize profit. The system is multi state fully input dependent system whose change of state can be controlled by a remote control. The developed mechatronic system reduces manpower, saves time and operates efficiently with minimal human involvement in poultry feeding. The system demonstrated practical effort regarding the improvement in performance of existing solid feed dispensing for high yield with minimal human intervention
A Mathematical Model Analysis of Meningitis with Treatment and Vaccination in Fractional Derivatives
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022-04-26) Olumuyiwa James Peter; Abdullahi Yusuf; Mayowa M. Ojo; Sumit Kumar; Nitu Kumari; Festus Abiodun Oguntolu
In this paper, we develop a new mathematical model based on the Atangana Baleanu Caputo (ABC) derivative to investigate meningitis dynamics. We explain why fractional calculus is useful for modeling real-world problems. The model contains all of the possible interactions that cause disease to spread in the population. We start with classical differential equations and extended them into fractional-order using ABC. Both local and global asymptotic stability conditions for meningitis-free and endemic equilibria are determined. It is shown that the model undergoes backward bifurcation, where the locally stable disease-free equilibrium coexists with an endemic equilibrium. We also find conditions under which the model’s disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. The approach of fractional order calculus is quite new for such a biological phenomenon. The effects of vaccination and treatment on transmission dynamics of meningitis are examined. These findings are based on various fractional parameter values and serve as a control parameter for identifying important disease-control techniques. Finally, the acquired results are graphically displayed to support our findings.
A Mathematical Model for Estimating the Weight of Human Beings Using Some Anthropometric Parameters (A Case Study of Taraba State of Nigeria’s Community)
(British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science, 2015-03-27) Ogwumu, O. D.; Amoo, S. A.; Eguda, F. Y.; Adeyefa, E. O.; Abubakar, Samuel
The research is concerned with the development of a mathematical model for estimating the body weight of human beings in relation to some of their anthropometric parameters (height and waist sizes). The model was optimized to know whether it is possible for humans to have a maximum or minimum body weight. However, the optimization result showed that there is no specific body weight that could be called a maximum or minimum. Emphasis was laid mainly on a particular proportion of Nigerians from the north- west geopolitical zone (as a case study ) in order to be able to make generalizations about the entire country and beyond. Hence, the population sample for the research was the Taraba State of Nigeria’s Community. Moreover, several recommendations were made at the end of the model analysis which when adhered to, would bring about some medical breakthroughs to the entire human populace.
A Mathematical Model for Water Quality Assessment: Evidence-Based from Selected Boreholes in Federal University Dutse, Nigeria
(UMYU Scientifica, 2023-12-30) Eguda, F. Y.; Amoo, A. O.; Adamu, S. B.; Ogwumu, O. D.; Somma, Samuel Abu; Babura I. B.
The present study assessed the quality of water sampled from different boreholes on the campus of Federal University Dutse, Nigeria, using a mathematical modelling approach. A model for estimating water quality was developed based on physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, turbidity, and total hardness measured from each borehole. The correlation analysis of physicochemical data indicates a strong correlation of about 99% between the real-life data collected from six (6) different boreholes and the model’s predictions. From the results, the sensitivity analysis revealed that electrical conductivity plays the highest role in determining water quality, followed by total hardness, temperature has the third highest impact, followed by turbidity, the fourth, and pH has the least impact in determining water quality in the listed boreholes. Therefore, in any case of intervention, the water quality regulatory body should be sent regularly to the tertiary institutions in the state for routine check-ups.