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Item Effects of Generating Plant Noise on Humans and Environment(International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2016-05-26) Babawuya, .A.; Bori Ige; Bako, .M. D.; Yusuf, .S. A.; Jibrin, .A.; Elkanah, .A. J.; Mohammed, .A.Noise measurements were taken in the morning, afternoon, evening, and night to determine the extent of noise pollution all over the city. A calibrated sound level meter was used to measure the generating plant noise. The equivalent sound levels (Leq) were measured at 20 different locations, between 8 a.m and 10 p.m. High noise levels were observed throughout the town. The data obtained was analysed and the results then compared with world health organization standard. The noise equivalent level varied between 99.4 and 83.2 dBA. The results of the study established the fact that generator noise levels are more than the acceptable limit of 60 dBA, thatis the daytime government prescribed noise limit for residential and commercial areas. The reaction of the residents to generating plant noise was monitored with a total of 300 questionnaires. The results of the interview questionnaire revealed 97% of the people classified the noise in their street as very high while 3% says it is low. And also the respondents answered that noise bother them more in day and night while 11% of the respondents say it is only in the night only. The main outcomes of exposure to generating plant noise were loss of sleep, hearing loss, annoyance and disturbance.Item A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DEGRADATION ON INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), FUT Minna, 2016-03-15) Nasir, .A.; Usman, .S. A.; Mohammed, .A.; Muhammed, .S. N.; Bori IgeComponent degradation is a very common problem associated with operating industrial gas turbines. The major components so affected by this phenomenon are compressor, combustor and turbine blades. This paper studied the effect of degradation on gas turbine performance. The study involved the analyses of operating parameters effects for Siemens gas turbine engines model SGT5 – 2000E coded GT11 and GT21 in the power stations at Geregu power stations. The parameters considered were ambient temperature, exhaust temperature, combustion chamber pressure and turbine entry temperature, GT11 is degraded while GT21 is newly installed engine both in the same location at Geregu I and II power stations in Ajaokuta, Kogi State in the North central part of Nigeria.Simulations were carried out using Gas turb 11 simulation software, results of engine performance parameters were compared and it was revealed that due to component degradation, the turbine entry temperature (TET) increased to 1049.67oC, the fuel flow increased by 8.49% and power fell by 7.14%. Consequently, the cost of power loss is one hundred and eighty-seven million, one hundred and eleven thousand, seven hundred and fifty-three naira ninety-two kobo (₦187,111,753.92k) over a period of one year for the degraded gas turbine.Item ENERGY UTILIZATION, CONSERVATION AND AUDITING IN NIGERIA CEMENT INDUSTRY(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), FUT Minna, 2016-03-15) Nasir, .A.; Bori Ige; Enitilo, .T.; Azeez, .O. S.; Muhammed, .A.Manufacturing of cement is identified as one of the most energy intensive industries in the world. Therefore, there is a need for its effective and efficient utilization and hence conservation. In order to produce clinker, rotary kilns are widely used in cement plants. This study takes a look at the energy source, utilization and conservation in a Cement Company in Nigeria. The company’s energy source was determined, utilization pattern investigated and possible areas of energy conservation considered. The rotary kiln of this plant where the large form of energy is consumed has a capacity of 6000 tonnes per day. It was found that about 20% of the total input energy was being lost through hot flue gas (5.09%), cooler stack (12.4%) and kiln shell (2.61% convection and radiation). To recover some of this heat energy loses, a feasible energy management method was introduced and discussed. Findings showed that approximately 4MW of electrical power could be recovered through conservation and proper energy management.Item Case Hardening of Mild Steel Using Animal Bone, Charcoal and Sea Shells as Carburizers(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), FUT Minna, 2016-08-24) Muriana, .R. A.; Bori Ige; Abubakre, .O. K.; Abu, .J. O.; Sani, .C. E.Samples of Mild steel were treated in carburizing media which included animal bone, wood charcoal and sea shells at varied temperatures. Micro structural analyses, chemical composition tests, and mechanical properties tests were carried out on the carburized samples. Results indicated that the treated samples could be used in local production of some engineering components such as gears in place of imported components where hardness is considered together with toughness. The case hardening of the mild steel with charcoal granules gave the highest carburization of 0.905% on the surface with the highest hardness value of 69.3 HRA.Item Pedestrian-level Air Flow and Ventilation around Adjacent Buildings in Step-up Configuration(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), FUT Minna, 2017-08-24) Ayo, .S. A.; Mohd-Ghazali, .N.; Bori IgeThe outdoor air ventilation impact of a taller building at a downwind location in a layout of two adjacent buildings in different step-up configurations is presented in this paper. The criteria for ventilation assessment adopted are dimensionless parameters called velocity ratio (VR) and air ventilation rate (AER), and the parameters examined are the separation distance (WV) between the buildings and the ratio of height of downwind building to that of upwind building, herein referred to as building height ratio (HR). A three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation employing the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation and Realizable k-ε turbulence model was used to study the turbulent flow field around various full-scale size configurations of the adjacent buildings. Results show that while VR generally increases with height ratio, it increases with separation distance until a certain maximum distance which depends on the height ratio. AER on the other hand generally increases with height ratio, but decreases with separation distance. The results indicate that greater air motion is induced at the pedestrian level as the height of the downwind building increases, and greater rate of air flow is exchanged between the buildings cavity and the surroundings. Based on the VR results obtained for the building configurations examined, a separation distance of between 18 m and 30 m is proposed for configurations 2.0 ≤HR≤ 3.0, and between 18 m and 24 m for configurations HR = 1.0 and 1.5, to maximally invigorate the pedestrian-level air flow.Item Enhancing the Cavitation Erosion Resistance of 304 Stainless Steel by Laser Surface Alloying with Molybdenum(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), FUT Minna, 2017-08-24) Bori Ige; Muriana, .R. A.; Man, .H. C.; Okegbile, .O. J.; Ayo, .S. A.; Babawuya, .A.Type 304 stainless steel is the most versatile and widely used austenitic stainless steel, it accounts for more than 50% of all stainless steel produced. It is commonly used in liquidhandling equipment, house hold utensils and lot of applications in almost every industry. However, poor surface properties in terms of wear resistance, due to its low hardness made it susceptible to cavitation erosion, which is a usual mode of degradation of engineering parts in contact with fast-flowing or vibrating liquids. This work is an attempt to improve the cavitation erosion resistance of 304 stainless steel by laser surface alloying with Molybdenum (Mo). This was made possible by using a 2kW continuous wave Nd-YAG laser. The alloying powder was placed in advance on the surface of the substrate by pasting to a thickness of 0.1mm, followed by laser beam scanning at an optimal speed of 20 mm/s and 30 mm/s (each at a beam diameter of 3mm) and a laser power of 1.2kW, in order to achieve surface alloying and modified surfaces were obtained by 50% overlapping of adjacent tracks. The microstructure and composition of modified layer were also studied for more insights. Ultrasonic induced vibrator tester was used to carry out cavitation erosion test. Cavitation erosion resistance (Re) was observed to have increased with the Mo content in the alloyed layer, the Re of the specimens modified with Mo was improved by a factor of 1.4 (for v = 20 mm/s) and 1.5 (for v = 30 mm/s), when compared with that of the as-received 304 stainless steel substrates.Item DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SMALL SOLAR POWERED AIR BLOWER FOR CHARCOAL FIRED FURNACE(JOURNAL OF THE NIGERIAN INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 2019-09-30) Muhammad, .A. B.; Nasir, .A.; Ayo, .S. A.; Bori IgeIn Nigeria almost all the local foundry shops rely on the manually operated blowers for supplying air for the combustion of the charcoals to melt metals. This manually operated blower has showed that much man-hour is required during firing as one laborer is dedicated to driving the rotary blower. This is labourous and reduces the rate of productivity of the enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to find easier ways of supplying the energy required for the combustion so as to increase productivity. A solar powered blower is designed and constructed in this work. The performances of manually operated and solar powered air blowers are compared. Performance results of the manually operated air blower showed that it takes about 67 minutes and 42 minutes to melt 4kg of aluminum and zinc respectively. On the other hand, for the solar-powered air blower, it takes about 30 minutes and 17 minutes to melt 4kg of aluminum and zinc respectively. This indicates that the solar-powered air blower takes a shorter time to melt metals when compared with the manually operated air blower. In addition, the solar powered air blower eliminates the laborious aspect of supplying energy for melting metals and also reduces the times spent in metal melting process.Item Risk Analysis of Wave Energy Converter System Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis(Uniport Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research (UJESR), 2019-12-30) Okoro, .U.; Adedipe, .O.; Bori Ige; Usman, .F. J.; Diugwu, .I.This study reports the development of the reliability analysis of a wave energy converter system. It covers the description of a generic wave energy converter with emphasis on the functions of components, the development of the reliability methodology based on Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). The highlight of the study is the evaluation, by a team of experts, of the functional failures of the selected components based on risk factors of the probability of occurrence, the severity of consequence and detectability. These evaluations form the basis for the calculation of the Risk Priority Number (RPN): an index representing the risk-held in each of the identified functional failures. The analysis revealed five critical components, namely hydraulic fluid (1000), filter (900), valves (800) and oil reservoir (560) and pressure line (700), whose failure holds about 80% of the total risk exposure of the system. The result of the study can serve as decision support towards - product improvement for emerging technologies as well as towards maintenance prioritization (management) for existing technologies.Item INVESTIGATION OF PRESSURE TRANSIENTS AND WAVE PROPAGATION EFFECTS IN A PRESSURIZED PETROLEUM PIPELINE USING WANDA TRANSIENT SOFTWARE(Nigeria Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Research (FUT Yola), 2019-05-04) Muhammad, .A. B.; Nasir, .A.; Ayo, .S. A.; Bori IgePressure transients and effects of wave propagations due to instantaneous valve closure in a pipeline transporting premium motor spirit (PMS) were investigated using simulation approach in this paper. Pressure transient investigation and analysis are often more significant than the steady state analysis that hydraulic Engineers usually use in pipeline design because almost all pipelines experience pressure transient in their operations. Pressure transient analysis helps to understand the additional loads a pipeline can be subjected to as a result of instantaneous valve closures. In this paper, WANDA Transient 4.5.1210 commercial software was used for the analysis of the pressure transients due to instant valve closure in a petroleum pipeline. Three different instantaneous valve closure times of 4.5, 9 and 18 seconds were used in this investigation. It was observed in this research that rise in pressure is highest (1304 kPa) at node F (the node where the valve closure takes place) against the inlet pressure of 120 kPa and also there is drastic drop in pressure (-53.7 kPa) at node B (a node just upstream end of the pump). Also cavitations were observed at Node B due to the development of negative pressure as a result of the valve closure. The research recommends that surge tank should be installed at node F to stabilize the pressure surge and also air vessels are to be installed at node B to curtail damages due to cavitations.Item HEAT TRANSFER IN COOLED AERO-DERIVATIVE TURBINE BLADE: A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS(Journal of NIMechE, 2019-03-15) Orah, A. .M.; Nasir, .A.; Hassan, .A. B.; Bori IgeAero-derivative gas turbines have found extensive applications as mechanical drives and in medium-sized utility power plants. It has a higher efficiency due to its high pressure and temperature operations; hence, the need for proper cooling techniques to achieve the required creep life and attain reliability. In this paper, the heat transfer in a cooled aero-derivative gas turbine blade is determined numerically using the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme of Computational Fluid Dynamics. The convective heat transfer coefficient of the governing Newton’s law of cooling equation is the basis. A solver was developed for the heat transfer problem based on the selected boundary conditions and designed cooling parameters of the GE PGT25+ aero-derivative gas turbine to obtain the temperature distribution within a cooled blade for 30 minutes in-service operation. There is no significant change in the temperature profiles across the nodal points, varying between 90oC – 600oC. The temperatures within the blade are significantly constant throughout the operating time of the turbine blade, inferring that there was effective heat transfer from the blades to the cooling air since the temperature variation did not exceed the melting point of the blade material. The ADI strategy is, therefore, suitable for heat transfer design computations for complex systems like the gas turbine engine.