School of Life Sciences (SLS)
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Item EVALUATION OF GAMMA IRRADIATED MUTANTS OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) FOR YIELD AND YIELD PARAMETERS(Genetic Society of Nigeria, 2023-03-26) Ahmed K.; Muhammad M.L.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Abubakar I.; Audu M.A.I; Idris Y.Mutation breeding is applied in many crop improvement programs as it can rapidly create the variability of inherited traits in crops. This study was designed to evaluate the yield potential of some mutant (M4) lines of sesame. Eleven M4 mutant lines alongside three checks were raised to maturity in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in Minna and trial fields of National Cereals research institute, Badeggi. The results revealed M5 mutant lines showed significant changes in some of the parameters measured. Site1 (Minna) showed improved yield traits than Site2 Badeggi). ML11A11 exhibited the lowest days to 50% flower (47.00; 41.33). ML1A9 site1 showed the highest 1000 seed weight (3.02g), ML3A7 in site1 (2.41 g). The capsule per leaf axil in C1A12 Site2 obtained the highest (2.67). ML4A6 Site1 showed highest number of capsule (123.67). The highest yield per hectare was recorded mutant ML8A2 Site1 (779.63 kg/hectare); ML6A4 Site1 (681.86 kg/hectare); (672.59 kg/hectare). The results especially for yield, revealed the possibility of new varieties of sesame from the mutant lines, thus presenting gamma irradiation as a very effective mutagen for improvement of the crop.Item DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF COWPEA GERMPLASM IN NIGER STATE(Genetic Society of Nigeria, 2023-03-26) Yusuf S.; Gado A.A.; Daudu O.A.Y.; Abubakar A.; Audu M.A.I; Nasir Z.A.Biodiversity loss have emerged as bottleneck befalling the agricultural production including cowpea. Rising insecurities, socio-economic changes, abnormal onset and cessation of rainfall and soil conditions has led to a dramatic reduction of cowpea landraces cultivated recently and probably to the disappearance of local populations. Germplasm exploration is the basis for crop improvement and foundation of agricultural production. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution and diversity of cowpea germplasm using seeds morphology. The study was conducted between the months of November to December 2021. A total of 43 germplasm was collected. The germplasms were randomly collected across the three Geopolitical zones of Niger state. The data was collected using participatory research tools and techniques such as direct observation, group discussions, individual interviews, field visits and questionnaires. The results revealed that Vigna unguiculata. Vigna unguiculata recorded the highest accessions (39), followed by Vigna angularis (1), Vigna mungo (2), Vigna radiata (1). Vigna unguiculata showed the highest occurrence in most parts of the three geopolitical zones while Vigna angularis and Vigna radiata were found in Zone A), Vigna mungo were found in Zone A and zone B. Zone A had the highest germplasm accessions (22), zone C (13). Zone B (8). This result showed an uneven distribution of the species of cowpea and this could be as a result of the increasing insecurity ravaging some parts of the state. There by promoting the movement of the farmers from one area to another. Hence germplasm collection can serve as means of conserving crop diversities from total loss.Item Effect of fast neutron irradiation on agronomic traits of three tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars(NABDA Journal of Biotechnology Research, 2023-08-07) Okoye C.I.; Falusi O.A.; Aminu A.; Mohammed A.; Audu M.A.IFast neutron irradiation (FNI) has been successfully utilized in the development of plant varieties with superior agronomic traits. This study thus, investigated the effect of different irradiation doses on some agronomic parameters of three selected tomato accessions (NG/MR/5/9/006, NG/AA/9/9/037 and NHGB/09/114). Exactly two hundred seeds of each accession were exposed to FNI obtained from an Americium-Beryllium source with a flux of 1.5×104 cm-2s-1 for 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes, equivalent to 4 rad, 8 rad, 16 rad and 24 rad, respectively. The non-irradiated seeds served as control. The seeds were planted in experimental pots arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replicates. Results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in germination percentage with control having the significantly (p < 0.05) highest (90 %) in NG/MR/5/9/006 while NG/AA/9/9/037 and NHGB/09/114 revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher germination percentage of 90 % and 83 %, respectively at 4 rad. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in number of fruits per plant of NG/MR/5/9/006. A significant increase (p < .05) was observed in number of fruits per plant of NG/AA/9/9/037 and NHGB/09/114 at 4 rad (2.60 ± 0.60 and 4.00 ± 1.05, respectively) and 24 rad (2.60 ± 0.51 and 4.40 ± 1.12, respectively). The significantly highest weight of fruits and number of branches at fruiting were recorded at 90 minutes of exposure (16 rad) in all the accessions. NG/AA/9/9/037 had significantly higher number of seeds per fruit (107.33 ± 6.67) while no significant difference was observed in number of seeds per fruit. This study revealed significant enhancement in some growth and yield parameters of seeds exposed to fast neutron irradiation and demonstrates that fast neutron irradiation is an excellent tool for enhancing the efficiency of breeding Solanum lycopersicum and evolving higher yield variants through proper selection.Item Biochemical evaluation of mutant genotypes of Sesamum indicum for the development of improved varieties(Botanica Lithuanica, 2022-12-21) Audu M.A.I; Idris Y.; Muhammad L.M.; Falusi O.A.; Salihu I.A.; Okoye C.I.The nutritional attributes of sesame, Sesamum indicum, vary substantially and are primarily influenced by the plant’s genetic makeup. This investigation accessed the biochemical composition of sesame mutants from two generations. Seeds of eleven M3 lines were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to raise M4 lines, which were advanced to M5 generation. The seeds were harvested at maturity, and their biochemical compositions were quantitatively determined following standard procedures. Results revealed significant diffe rences (p < 0.05) in the biochemical composition of the mutants across the two generations. Exactly 27.27% of the mutants showed a substantial increase in oil composition over their parental varieties at the M4 generation. In comparison, 36.36% of the mutants had higher oil contents than their parental varieties at the M5 generation. The M5 mutants showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher oil content than the M4 mutants. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the protein content of M4 and M5 mutants, with M4 mutants having higher protein content. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in fibre, carbohydrate, energy, and moisture contents of M4 and M5 mutants, with M5 mutants having significantly higher (p < 0.05) carbohydrate and energy con tents, while no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in ash content of M4 and M5 mutants. Results also reveal significant differences (p < 0.05) in anti-nutrients of M4 and M5 mutants with notable reductions in some anti-nutritional properties of some mutant lines. High and stable nutritional attributes are desirable traits in sesame breeding. The identified mutants with desirable traits are potential candidates that could be selected and developed as the first mutant varieties of sesame in NigeriaItem Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Datura Stramonium on Vegetative Traits of Selected Maize (Zea Mays L.) Varieties in Nigeria(East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya, 2020-05-30) Daudu O.A.Y.; Falusi O.A.; Abubakar A.; Abdulsalam H.; Bello T.S.; Audu M.A.I.: Datura stramonium contains allelochemicals which have allelopathic properties that have the potential to inhibit or stimulate vegetative plant growth. Aqueous leaf extract of D. stramonium at 25%, 50% and 100% concentrations were applied to determine their effects on plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, root length and internode length of two maize varieties (Sammaz-39 and Oba super-06) under field conditions. Distilled water (0%) served as control.The treated maize seeds were planted in the experimental field and the plots were laid as randomizedcomplete block design (RCBD) replicated three times.Results on the effects of D. stramonium leaf extract were determined for each treatment concentration. Results showed that D. stramonium leaf extract significantly increased plant height of Sammaz-39 at a concentration of 50% at 10WAP and also of Oba super-06 variety at a concentration of 50% at 8 and 10WAP. Number of leaves per plant was significantly decreased at 10WAP in Sammaz-39 at 100% concentration while Oba super-06 variety showed a significant decrease in number of leaves per plant at 50% concentration at 8WAP. The highest leaf length was observed at 25% concentration of D. stramonium leaf extract in Sammaz-39 at 8WAP and at 25% concentration for Oba super-06 at 2, 4, 6 and 8WAP. But at 10WAP, highest leaf length was observed in the control (0%). Root length was significantly increased in treated seeds of the two varieties; highest root length was observed at 50% concentration in both Sammaz-39 and Oba super-06. Internode length on the contrary, was significantly decreased at high concentration of 100% in Sammaz-39 while no significant difference was observed in the internode length of Oba super-06 variety. This study reveals that high concentration (100%) of D. stramonium leaf extract has inhibitory effects on number of leaves per plant, leaf length and internode length while lower concentrations (25% and 50%) has stimulatory effects on vegetative characters like root length, plant height and leaf length of the two maize varieties examined.Collection Collection Collection Collection Collection