Chemistry
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Chemistry
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Item An Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Tudun Fulani, Niger State, Nigeria(Sule Lamido University Journal of Science and Technology (SLUJST), 2020-12) Bisiriyu, Muhammad Taoheed; Ganiyu, Mustapha Adekomi; Audu, Lawal Idris; Abdullahi, AbdulHakam Safiu; Animashaun, Iyanda Murtalagroundwater is the main source of drinking water in Tudun Fulani community in Bosso, Niger State, Nigeria. Objective: this study was conducted to assess the physicochemical and heavy metal characteristics of groundwater used for drinking and other domestic purposes in the area with a view to determining its suitability for these purposes. Method: twelve water samples comprising of seven hand-dug wells and five boreholes were collected from different locations in the area. Physicochemical parameters (pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS), alkalinity, total hardness, chloride) and heavy metals (lead, manganese, copper and iron) contents were determined using standard methods. Results: the results showed that the pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, TSS, TS turbidity, alkalinity, total hardness and chloride ranged between 5.72 – 7.32, 252.5 – 1098 μS/cm, 58 – 11.35 mg/L, 0.001 – 0.108 mg/L, 1.05 – 7.33 NTU, 10.60 - 104.20 mg/L, 26.6 – 170.2 mg/L, and 28.17 – 86.9 mg/L, respectively. The heavy metal analysis revealed lead, manganese, copper, and iron to range between 0.001-0.009 mg/L, 0.01-0.28 mg/L, 0.010 - 0.050 mg/L and 0.100 – 0.430 mg/L, while manganese and lead were not detected in one and six of the samples, respectively. Conclusion: the values of the parameters analysed in this study were below and within the permissible limits set by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for most of the water samples investigated; hence, the groundwater is suitable for drinking and for other life-supporting activities. However, only four samples (W1,W5 W6, and W7) were within the range of 100 - 300 mg/L set by WHO for total hardness. In addition, the pH values of water samples W4, W5, B4, and B5 were below the recommended standard, while the electrical conductivity of W5, turbidity of W3, W5 and iron contents of W2 and W7 were above the maximum limit set by WHO. Therefore, it is recommended that the indiscriminate discharge of wastes be checked in locations of W2 and W7 as high iron content in drinking water poses serious health risks to consumers.Item Arsenic level determination in selected well water from Sokoto state, Nigeria(Elixir International Journal, 2014-10-23) Galadima, A; Bisiriyu, M.TTwenty samples of domestic water sourced from different underground wells in the Gidan Dare and Gidan Igwai areas of Sokoto were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. The pH and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the water samples were also determined. The mean results obtained from the analyses were pH (7.68, 6.72) and electrical conductivities (1061µs/cm, 1057µs/cm) for Gidan Dare and Gidan Igwai, respectively. The results also showed mean arsenic concentrations of 0.110mg/L and 0.217mg/L for Gidan Dare and Gidan Igwai water samples, respectively, which are above the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water guidelines. Wells in Gidan Dare and Gidan Igwai were found to be contaminated with an abnormal concentration of arsenic, high enough to cause serious adverse health effects to its consumers. The high arsenic concentrations could be attributed to both natural and anthropogenic activities such as erosion, underground weathering, toxic chemicals, improper waste and sewage disposal waste from industries, agricultural activities and vehicular emissions.Item Biomass Valorisation: A Sustainable Approach Towards Carbon Neutrality and Circular Economy(Springer Nature Singapore, 2024) Elijah Yanda Shaba; Mary Jumai Jiya; Alheri Andrew; Adamu Makanta Salihu; Emmanuel Mamma; Samuel Kelechi Anyanwu; John Tsado Mathew; Abel Inobeme; Benjamin Nma Yisa; Jonathan Jiya SabaItem COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM IRISH AND SWEET POTATO PEELS BY HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION PROCESSES USING Saccharomyces cerevisiae(FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, www.ftstjournal.com, 2021-10-12) Bisiriyu, Muhammad Taoheed; Habu, Christopher; Amos, Pigweh Isa; Amunike, Perpetual Chiamaka; Isah, Abdulrahman AdamuThe quest for green and sustainable sources of energy has led to various studies on the production of biofuels such as bioethanol from different agricultural materials. This study presents a comparative analysis of bioethanol produced from Sweet and Iris potato using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). 5.00, 10.00, and 15.00 g each of the Sweet and Irish potato peels were hydrolyzed using dilute acid (5% H2SO4). A dried baker’s yeast strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was subsequently introduced to ferment the substrates for 7 days. The bioethanol yield, average bioethanol yield, density, and proximate composition of the substrates were determined. The yield of bioethanol for Sweet potato peels at 5.00, 10.00, and 15.00 g were 43.50, 64.50 and 82.00 cm3 while for Irish potato peel at 5.00, 10.00 and 15.00 g were 22.00, 41.50, and 59.00 cm3, respectively. The average bioethanol yield for Sweet potato and Irish potato peels were 63.33 and 40.83%, while the density for Sweet and Irish potato peels were 0.853 and 0.891 g/cm3, respectively. The proximate composition for Sweet potato peel was 5.10±0.01% moisture, 4.00±0.023% ash, 2.99 ± 0.044% lipid, 3.50±0.03% fiber, 7.00±0.05% protein, and 77.41±0.01% carbohydrate while for Irish potato peel were 8.75± 0.63% moisture, 3.55± 0.05% ash, 4.48± 0.03 lipid, 4.50± 0.55% fiber, 4.38± 0.67% protein and 74.34±0.15% carbohydrate. Therefore potato peels can be harness as a potential feedstock for bioethanol production with Sweet potato peel having a higher yield of bioethanol compared to Irish potato due to higher carbohydrate content.Item Fractionation and Characterization of Asphaltenic and Resinous Fractions of Natural Bitumen(Communication in Physical Sciences, 2020-04-14) Bisiriyu, M. T.; Idris, S.; Aliyu, H. G.; Muhammad, A. B.; Sokoto, A. M.; Abdulkarim, A. M. AbdulkarimIn order to identify the fingerprints of some fractions in butimen and to study the changes that take place when heavy oil is upgraded, precipitation, fractionation, and characterization of asphaltenes and resins from natural bitumen were carried out using UV/vis and FTIR Spectroscopy. The sample was purified, and the asphaltenes fraction precipitated with n-hexane, fractionated into fractions A and B based on Solubility and polarity with hexane/toluene mixture at a fixed ratio while resins recovered from maltenes was fractionated into subfractions X, Y, Z by liquid adsorption chromatography on a silica/alumina adsorption column with dichloromethane/methanol mixed solvent in the ratio of 4:1, 3:2 and :2:3, respectively. The results showed that crude asphaltene and its subfractions absorbed light of longer wavelength (465 – 640 nm), indicating that they are made up of polynuclear aromatic compounds. The results also revealed the presence of alkyl side chains and major oxygenated groups in both crude asphaltene and its subfractions (A and B). The spectra of crude resin and its subfractions showed that they absorbed radiation of longer wavelength (490-580 nm), which are character of polynuclear aromatic compounds with the extended conjugated system. However, IR spectra revealed that all the fractions including the crude resin contained aromatic rings with alkyl side chains and oxygenated groups.Item Quality Evaluation of Bottled Water Packaged within Niger State, Nigeria(Nigerian Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2020) Bisiriyu, Muhammad Taoheed; Ganiyu, Mustapha Adekomi; Ogwuche, Nelson Edache; Koleola, Abidemi Adedayo; Salau, Rasaq BolakaleTen different brands of bottled water were procured from different regions of Niger State, Nigeria for this study. The labeling information, temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total hardness, chloride, alkalinity, lead, copper, manganese and iron contents of the water samples were determined using standard methods. The investigation revealed that the temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, chloride and alkalinity of the samples ranged between 26.5+0.50–28.0+0.00 oC, 6.20+0.09–7.33+0.30, 13.5+1.50– 317.5+1.50 µScm-1, 13-125 mg/L, 2.89 - 31.36 mg/L and 5-60 mg/L, respectively. Lead and copper were not detected in all the samples except SB10 with 0.01 mg/L of copper. Similarly, manganese was detected in six samples at concentrations between (0.02-0.08 mg/L) while iron ranged between 0.01-0.16 mg/L). The physical, chemical and heavy metals composition of the water samples complied with World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) permissible limits for drinking water except the pH of one sample (SB8) that was below the permissible limit. However, 60% of the brands had no manufacturing and expiry dates on their label as required by the Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Therefore, periodic evaluation and monitoring by concerned agencies should be intensified to ensure that bottled water producers in the state strictly adhere to the standard operating proceduresItem Receptor Modeling Application on Surface Water Quality and Source Apportionment(2016-02-05) Animashaun, Iyanda Murtala; Ahaneku, Isiguzo Edwin; Busari, Musa Bola; Bisiriyu, Muhammad TaoheedThere is a need for regular monitoring of river water quality to determine specific pollutants in order to aid amelioration schemes. In this study, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to eighteen water quality parameters; pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen(DO), turbidity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), total hardness (TH), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3-), chloride (Cl-), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) to identify major sources of water pollution of river Asa. The generated Principal Components (PCs) were used as independent variables and the water quality index (WQI) as the dependent variable to predict the contribution of each of the sources using the multiple linear regression model (MLR). The PCs results showed that the sources of pollution are storm water runoff, industrial effluent, erosion and municipal waste, while MLR identified storm water runoff (0.786) and industrial effluent (0.241) as the respective major contributors of pollution. The study showed that the PC-MLR model gives a good prediction (R2=0.8) for the water quality index.