Geology
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Item Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purposes in parts of Minna Sheet 164, North-Central Nigeria(Nigerian Association of Hydrogeologists (NAH) Book of Abstract, 2022-11) Ameh, I. M.; Ibrahim, H. A.; Amadi, A. N.; Dan-Hassan, M. A.; Omanayin, Y. A.; Abubakar, A. E.Assessing groundwater quality for sustainable agricultural through irrigation farming cannot be over-emphasized. Groundwater quality assessment for irrigation purposes was carried out in part of Minna Sheet 164, North-central Nigeria. Borehole samples were collected from boreholes and sent to the laboratory for the following analysis; pH, total dissolved solid and electrical conductance, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium, carbonate, sulphate, chlorine and bicarbonate. The pH ranged from 6.5 to 7.4, total dissolved solids varied from 20.4 mg/L to 124.5 mg/L while the electrical conductivity varies from 32.5 µs/cm to 250.0 µs/cm. the concentrations of these physical parameters are important criteria for suitability of water for agricultural purposes as water with low pH, high values of electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids is not good for irrigation. Also, the results of the major cations and anions were converted to meq/l from mg/l and used to determine the following index properties for irrigation water; Sodium Adsorption Ration, Soluble Sodium Percentage, Magnesium Adsorption Ratio, Plasticity Index, Residual Sodium Bicarbonate and Kelly’s Ratio. The values of the computed irrigation quality parameters are within their respective allowable limit for good to excellent water for irrigation use. The study has established that groundwater resources within the study area are suitable for irrigation. It is therefore recommended farmers in these localities should be sensitized to explore groundwater resources in their domain through hand-dug wells or boreholes to supplement the short-lived rain-farming. This will ensure an all year-round farming and availability of farm products and guaranty food security in the state.Item GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF PEGMATITES OF OGODO – ODOBOLA, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA: A STATUS REVIEW(FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), 2022-12) Omanayin, Y. A.; Waziri, N. M.; Onoduku, U. S.; Alabi, A. A.; Amadi, A. N.Pegmatites are an extremely, coarse-grained igneous rocks of granitic composition, constituting of mainly large crystals of quartz, feldspar and mica. Their occurrence cut across various formations, but mostly around granitoids. They are known to host industrial, rare metals, exotic minerals and gemstones of economic value. Due to the continuous demands and recently discovered uses of some of these minerals, its continuous exploration can never be over-emphasized. Pegmatites occurrence in Nigeria were formerly confined to certain quadrants but resent research has proved they also exist in other zones too. Its occurrence in Ogodo-Odobola area is a recent discovery with scantily available literature. The Few available research work conducted on pegmatite of the Ogodo-Odobola area in Kogi State, North central Nigeria has been reviewed. The works focused on its feldspar content for economic value and the latter attempted the mineralization potential of the pegmatites. The area is revealed to be underlain by schistose and granitic lithologies and intruded by the pegmatite dykes of various dimensions. However, recent studies on granitic pegmatites have evolved just as the pegmatites, not only concentrating on their industrial potentials but also on rare metal mineralization potentials which presently are a key to unlocking the future technologically. A few of those relevant and recent studies in the field were also reviewed to bring forth new ways of dealing with this present world cake to geoscientists. White micas are a useful mineral for determining the degree of evolution in pegmatites. This was achieved in the research work using K/Rb ratios paired with incompatible elements such as Cs. Decreasing K/Rb and increasing Cs is a signs of increasing evolution. The modeling of fractional crystallization of white micas in pegmatites using these trace elements determined that the pegmatites are a result of 99% to 99.99% crystallization of a granitic melt. Keywords: Pegmatites, Ogodo-Odobola, White Mica, Kogi State, North Central, NigeriaItem Water Quality Investigation within the Neighbourhood of Kataeregi Artisanl Gold Mining Sites, North-Central Nigeria(Journal of Information, Education, Science and Technology (JIEST), 2016-12) Omanayin, Y. A.; Ogunbajo, M. I.; Amadi, A. N.; Abdulfatai, I. A.; Mamodu, A.Hydrochemical analysis was performed on water samples obtained from streams, mine ponds and hand-dug wells within the neighbourhood of Kataeregi gold mining site, located along Minna- Bida road in North-central Nigeria. The exercise is aimed at ascertaining the suitability of water from streams and hand-dug well for both domestic and irrigational purposes. The parameters analyzed for comprise of Temperature, Acidity – Alkalinity level (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cu2+, Fe2+, As3+ and Pb2+. Geological field mapping show the area comprise of Migmatite-Gneiss Complex, Schist, Granite and Sandstone lithologies. The concentrations of Fe2+ and Pb2+ far exceed World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) prescribed limits for irrigation, portability and other domestic purposes. The high content of iron could be attributed to the oxidative weathering of pyrite associated with the gold mineralization in the area while the high lead content observed in the area was due to the weathering and subsequent dissolution of galena, discarded by artisanal miners during the exploration for gold. All water bodies in the area belong to earth-alkaline fresh water, which is an indication of water from shallow aquifer system.Item Geological factors in civil engineering construction: the perspective of engineering geophysics using case histories from basement complex terrain of Nigeria(Journal of Science and today's world, 2013-06) Momoh, O. L.; Olasehinde, P. I.; Amadi, A. N.; Asema, A. I.; Omanayin, Y. A.Acknowledged factors of premature failure of most civil engineering construction include poor construction materials, bad design, drainage problems and usage factor. However, the foundation of civil engineering projects and its routes requires pre-knowledge of the subsurface geology that carries the load and hence the need for engineers to have adequate predesigned idea of the subsurface geology. While direct exploratory borehole drill for sample collection and insitu engineering tests are considered ultimate in this respect, the rich opportunities of geophysical tools in giving needed subsurface information cannot be over emphasized due to the combine high speed, relatively cheap and appreciable accuracy of the latter. Therefore, theoretical background of engineering geophysics and case histories from basement complex terrains of Nigeria are presented and discussed with respect to civil engineering constructions. Keywords: geological factors, engineering geophysics, civil engineering construction, basement complexItem Hydrogeochemical Analysis and Potential Pollutant of Water Resources Around Ajaokuta Steel Complex, North Central, Nigeria(Journal of Geography and Earth Sciences, 2014-06) Mamodu, A.; Onoduku, U. S.; Ako, T. A.; Abraham, S. U.; Amadi, A. N.; Omanayin, Y. A.The citing of Ajaokuta steel complex near its major raw materials (Iron) has brought about economic development in Kogi State, Nigeria. As a result of poor management of industrial waste, the only River where most people in the community get their drinking water became polluted. The aim of this research is to determine the quality of water and its pollutant within the study area. In order to meet the objective of the research, both physical and hydrogeochemical analysis were carried out. The physical parameters determined indicated (on average), a Ph of 7.44, temperature of 27°C, electrical conductivity of 106.8us/cm and turbidity of 157.4 NTU. 20 water samples were analyzed using Flame analysis photometry and Atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The result reveals on the average: 1.227mg/l Na+ , 2.3 mg/l K+ , and 2.545mg/l Ca2+2.6mg/l NH4+ , 0.17mg/l Cu 2+ , 0.45mg/l Fe2+ , 0.4mg/l Cr3+ , 0.06mg/lMn2+<10, ug/l As3 . . There were gradual decreases in concentration in some elements as one move further away from the steel complex (inferred source of pollution). The reason for these decreases maybe due to distance from the source of pollution and seepage into the groundwater. Iron and manganese were found to be very higher when compared to World health standards. Dangote group of Company’s E.I.A report also shows higher concentration of Fe2+, Mn2+and Cu2+in plant tissue. Therefore, the research concludes that Fe2+ and Mn2+ were the main pollutants while a Cu 2+andCr3+arethe minor pollutants of water resources in the study area. The research also, preliminary concludes that poor handling of industrial waste may have contributed majorly to the pollution of water. Keywords: Ajaokuta, water, hydrogeochemical analysis, pollutant, Environmental Impact Assessment (E.I.A), industrial waste, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer