Biochemistry
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Biochemistry
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Item Comparative Nutritional Compositions of Raw and Processed Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.)(International Journal of Applied Biological Research, 2018-12-04) Madaki, Mohammad Fatima; Kabiru, Yusuf Adamu; Muhammad, Lami Hadiza; Abubakar, Niwoye Asmau; Bello, AhmadCyperus esculentus L., commonly known as Tiger nut, is a crop of the sedge family found widespread across the world. Comparative nutritional compositions of raw and processed (dankuwa, tiger nut cake) tiger nuts were carried out according to the standard methods. Raw and processed tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.) was found to contain high fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate contents but low moisture content. The result of the proximate analysis revealed that the moisture contents of raw tiger nuts (9.67percent), crude fat (28.61percent) and crude fiber (24.94 percent) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than, those of the processed tiger nut; (7.86%), (25.53%) and (22.34%) respectively. However, the ash (3.00%), and carbohydrate (35.46%), contents of processed tiger nut was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the raw tiger nuts; (1.61 %) and (25.53 %) respectively. The Sodium (218.04mg/100g) and Calcium (0.65 mg/100g) contents of raw tiger nuts were significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared to Sodium (139.53mg/100g) and Calcium (0.00) contents of processed tiger nuts while the Potassium (38600.46 mg/100g), Iron (10.9), Copper (0.45mg/100g) and Zinc (7.85 mg/100g) contents of processed tiger nuts were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the raw tiger nuts (1225.50mg/100g), (6.15mg/100g), (0.40 mg/100g) and (4.10mg/100g) respectively. The vitamin C (103.5mg/100g) and vitamin A (0.38mg/100g) contents of raw tiger nut were significantly (p<0.05) higher to those, vitamin C (93.16 mg/100g) and vitamin A (0.16mg/100g) contents of processed tiger nut. It can be concluded from the results of this study that raw and processed (dankuwa) tiger nut contain appreciable amounts of micro and micronutrients which could be included in the daily dietary pattern of human. This will help to minimize the risk of nutritional deficienciesItem Phytochemical and Proximate Analyses of Methanol Leaf Extract of Neem Azadirachta indica(European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2016-06-03) Madaki, Mohammad Fatima; Kabiru, Yusuf Adamu; Bakare-Odunola, Moji Taibat; Mailafiya, Simon Chindawa; Hamzah, Unekwu Rabiat; Janet EdwardAims: To determine the phytochemical content, proximate and mineral analysis of neem leaves. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Bosso Campus, Niger State. from March 2013 to July, 2013. Methodology: Reflux extraction was carried out using 70% methanol as extraction solvent standard analytical methods were used to determined the phytochemical content and AOAC official method was used to determined the proximate and mineral contents. Results: The result of the phytochemical screening of methanol leaf extract indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids, flavonoid, alkaloids, tannin, phenol, terpene, and reducing sugar while athraquinone and carbohydrate were absent.The proximate analysis of Neem leaves showed the following result; moisture% 9.50±0.24, ash content 2.81±0.21, protein% 1.58±0.34, fat% 2.07±0.35, fibre% 5.92±0.47, carbohydrate% 78.12±0.35, Vitamin A (mg/100 g) 180±0.10 and Vitamin C (mg/100 g) 287±6.22. The result of mineral analysis shows that neem leaves contains potassium 235.65±5.05, calcium 170.05±10.12, sodium 180.65±8.83 and phosphorus 39.34±3.25. Conclusion: It can be deduced from these results of this study that neem leaves contained appreciable amount of phytochemicals, nutrients and minerals that aid it medicinal properties.