Agricultural Economics and Farm Management
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Agricultural Economics and Farm Management
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Item Analysis of credit utilization behavior of small scale business farmers in Bosso Local Government Area of Niger State(Continental Journal of Agricultural Science, 2009) 13. Otitolaiye, J.O., Ogaji A., Ajayi, O.J. and Emesilowa, A.M.This study analyses the credit utilization behavior of small scale farmers n Bosso Local Government Area of Niger state. The main objectives of the study include the identification of the various formal and informal sources of credit, pattern of their utilization by farmers as well as the examination of the effect of c*-I. allocation on the value of output. Primary data used for the study were obtain using structured questionnaire administered to 60 purposively Selected farmers. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Result shows that most of the farmers (95.0%) were married and ownership of farmland was mainly through inheritance. Results of the regression analysis gave R2 value of 0.684. This indicates that 68.4% of the variation in Y (value of output) was explained by the independent variables (Xi - X5) include in the model. Three (3} out of the five (5) variables in the model were found to be statistically significant in explaining total value of output. This include X3 (amount allocated to other inputs), X4 (amount allocated to equipment) and X5 (amount allocated to land). High interest rate, inadequate credit and late arrival of credit were identified by the farmers, as some of the constraints encountered in accessing credit. It was however, recommended that timelines of loan disbursement will reduce its diversion to other non farm uses. Interest rates charged by banks should be reduced to enable farmers' access it profltably.Item Analysis of Risk Sources and Management Strategies among Maize Farmers in Niger State(International Journal of Research And Innovation In Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2024-08) Ogaji, A., Abdullahi, B., Egamana, M. N., Jeremiah, G. T., Umar, A., Oladapo, T. O.The study examines risk sources and management strategies among maize farmers in Niger State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling techniques were employed to select 180 respondents on which primary data were elicited from the respondent with the aid of a structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule using kobo tool box. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (such as mean, frequency distribution count and percentages) and inferential statistics (such as ordered logit regression model). The study revealed that rise in cost of inputs (𝑋̅= 4.5), theft and pilfering (𝑋̅= 4.5), pest attack (𝑋̅= 4.4), death of the farmer (𝑋̅= 4.4) and disease outbreak (𝑋̅= 4.4) were the major sources of risk among maize farmers. Also, farming experience (P< 0.01), educational level (P< 0.05) and farm size (P< 0.10) were the major factors influencing farmer’s risk attitude in maize production. Lastly, early planting (𝑋̅= 3.4), diversification of income (𝑋̅= 3.2), local monitoring of weather (𝑋̅= 3.2), marketing strategies (𝑋̅= 3.1) and financial strategies (𝑋̅= 3.1) were the major management strategies adopted by maize farmers. The study recommended that farmers should adopt cost-effective agricultural practices.Item Analysis of the technical efficiency in maize and sorghum production in Kaduna State, Nigeria using the parametric and non-parametric models(Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economists (NAAE), 2018) Ogaji, A., Tanko, L., Nmadu, J.N. and Olaleye, R.S.ABSTRACT The study analyzed the technical efficiency of maize and sorghum production in Kaduna State using the parametric and non-parametric models. Data were collected from primary sources and was obtained using the multistage random sampling technique. A total of 303 respondents were sampled. Analytical tools employed were descriptive statistics (means and percentages), Stochastics frontier model and data envelopment analysis. Results showed that 65% of the respondents were between the ages of 31-50, 86.8% were males and 74.3% were married. Result also showed a mean technical efficiency of 0.72 and 0.86 for SFA and DEA Models respectively. It was recommended that both models should be used in determining efficiency giving the importance of accurate production efficiency estimates in policy decision making.Item ASSESSMENT OF SOCIOECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL STRATEGIES AMONGST RICE FARMERS IN NASARAWA STATE(School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 2024-12-04) Adamu, D. A., Ogaji, A., Likita, T. and Mohammed U. S.Despite high level of rice production and Government interventions through Climate Smart Agricultural Strategies (CSA) in ensuring food available and accessible to all in Nigeria. Climate change continues to be a hug bottleneck to rice producers. This study seeks to assess socioeconomic constraints of climate smart agricultural strategies amongst rice farmers in Nassarawa State. To achieve this, 2 LGAs each were purposively selected out of the three Zones from which 100 rice farmers were randomly selected. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Likert Scale Type. The study revealed that 80% were male and about 92% were married. Majority (90%) have basic education while about 55% were reported to have 11-20 years’ rice farming experience with mean years of 17. Mean farmers age were 37 while 40% were between 31–40 years of age with 53% having farm size of 4–6 hectares. CSA strategies awareness level was about (98%) while majority (96%) were reported to adopt this CSA Strategies. Scarcity of water during dry season, lack of improved storage facilities, inadequate data and CSA information, high cost of input for rice production and inadequacy in dissemination of CSA information were ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th, respectively as the most socioeconomic constraint affecting rice production in the study area. It was recommended that women and youth farmers should participate more in rice production, rice farmers should acquire the know-how on each CSA strategies adopted for optimal utilization and Government and stakeholders should intensify in promptness and efficient CSA strategies information dissemination to the farmers in timeliness. Lastly Government should provide inputs adequately at low cost and at the appropriate time to farmers to ensure high outputs.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN KATCHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGER STATE(Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economist, 2010) Yisa, E. S., A. Ogaji, O. J. Ajayi, Yusuf, T. L. and Shaffi, A.The study examined the assessment of the effect of agricultural productivity in rural household food security in Katcha local government area of Niger state, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of rural household, examine the effect of socio-economic variables on household food security status of the respondents and to identify the constraints affecting agricultural output and food security. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used. A survey conducted using 108 randomly selected respondents revealed that about 54.9% of the respondents have an average household size and about 77.8% of the respondents spends 60% of their total income on purchasing food items for their household and about 58.3% of the respondents use their personal farm produce both for household consumption and sales up to 56.4% of the respondents indicated that they are in dire need of more food. 42.7% of the .total variation in food security index was explained by the regression model while the remaining 57.3% of the variation was accounted for by the exogenous factors. Major problems faced by the rural household include inadequate capital, lack of good road network, marketing of farm produce and insufficient or excessive rainfall. Social infrastructures should be provided and fanners should be given concession in disbursement of loans from financial institutions.Item ECONOMICS OF CASSAVA PRODUCTION IN OBOKUN AND ORIADE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OSUN STATE, NIGERIA(Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economists (NAAE), 2021) Ogaji .A. ; Oseghale .A. I ; Umar .A. Ibrahim .Z. K and Anayo .N. .U.This study examines Economics of Cassava Production in Obokun and Oriade Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. Sample size of 180 cassava farmers were selected using multi-stage sampling method. Structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics gross margin analysis and stochastic profit frontier analysis. The total cost incurred by cassava farmers was #130,143 per ha, average net farm income was #84,904.2 with an average gross margin of #103,792. The coefficient of normalized cost of stem, normalized cost of labor, cost of fertilizer cost of herbicides and cost of transportation, all have significant effect on the profit of cassava farmers. The profit efficiency result showed that cassava production in the study area is profitable. However, its expansion is greatly hampered by inadequate capital; hence the farmer in the study area cannot meet up with the basic requirement to sustain cassava production The most serious constraints faced by cassava farmers were inadequate capital and poor access to credit. It is recommended that that government through credit agencies should make available loanable fund and credit available to cassava producers and farmers should be encouraged to invest on cassava production for its profitability and economic valueItem EFFECT OF INFORMAL CREDIT ON YAM PRODUCTION IN SHIRORO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA(Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economists (NAAE), 2021) Ogaji A., Oseghale A.I. and Yusuf M. O.The study examined the effect of informal credit on yam production in Shiroro Local Government Area of Niger State .The specific objectives were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of yam farmers, identify the sources of informal credit ,determine the effect of informal credit and finally, to identify the problems associated with the acquisition of informal credit in the study area. Primary data were collected from 138 randomly selected yam farmers using multistage-sampling techniques. A well-structured questionnaire was used to elicit the information. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, percentage) and multiple regression. The findings revealed that majority (87.68%) of the respondents were male and they had a mean age of 44 years having one form of formal education (56.52%) or the other. Based on the findings the major source of informal credit identified in the study area was loans from friends and family (76.81%). The results of the regression analysis revealed that informal credit obtained had positive effect on yam production with coefficient of 1.790 and was significant at P<0.1. The study concluded that informal credits have positive effect on yam production which means that the more the use of informal credits by the farmer, the more the output of yam. It was recommended that lenders should repay as at when due so as to be considered for more informal credit in subsequent time.Item Effects of flood on rice farmer’s food security in Agricultural zone I of Niger State(School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology Federal University of Technology, Minna, 2024-12-04) Umar, A., Ogaji, A. and Likita, T.This study determined the effects of flood on rice farmers' food security in Agricultural Zone I of Niger State. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 127 rice farmers affected by flood and 127 rice farmers not affected by flood. Primary data were used for this study. The data were collected with the assistance of a well-trained enumerator using questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and logit regression) were used to achieve the objectives. The result showed that 96.1% of rice farmers not affected by flood were food secured while 73.2% affected farmers were food secured. The coefficient of household size, extension access, cooperative, farm income, value of crop loss due to flood and days farm had effect on food security. Raising seed bed (X=4.59). Planting flood resistance seeds (X =4.50) were the most coping strategies adopted by rice farmers affected by flood to mitigate effects of flood while emergency water storage (X=4.40), agricultural insurance of farm (X=4.40) were the most coping strategies adopted by rice farmers not affected by flood to mitigate flood. It is recommended that rice farmers affected by flood to insure their farm in order to avert unforeseen circumstances. Rice farmers should put every measure in place to control floods in the study area. It is recommended that post-flood soil rehabilitation be adopted to mitigate the negative effect of flood.Item Efficiency of labour and fertilizer use in sugarcane production by small-holder farmer in Gbako Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria.(2010) Yisa, E. S., Ogaji, A., Ajayi, O. J., & Hamza, T.This study examined efficiency of labour and fertilizer usage in sugarcane production by small holder farmers in Gbako Local Government Area of Niger State. Primary data was collected from 110 randomly selected farmers using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools, the gross margin analysis, multiple regression analysis and resource use efficiency ratio. The result shows that 10.9% of the sampled farmers fall below 30 years of age and 96.3% are married, 40% of the farmers had Quranic education. About 90.9% of the sample farmers had over 30 years of faming experience. 68.1% of the sample farmers had farming as their primary occupation. The predominant system of land tenure in the area is by inheritance. The estimated gross income gives an average value of 87,550 per annum while the net farm income was estimated at 50,500 respectively. The production function analysis show that seedling (X2) and agrochemical (X5) were significant factors influencing the output of sugarcane production at 1% and 5% level of probability respectively. The efficiency ratio (r) indicates that farm size was underutilized while fertilizer and labour were over utilized. The major problems facing farmers include high cost of transportation, price fluctuation, Farm input, Input Incentives and Lack of adequate modern facilities.Item Factors affecting loan acquisition among small-scale farmers in Otukpo Local Government area of Benue State, Nigeria.(2008) Nmadu, J. N., Egwa, E. P. O., & Ogaji, A.This study investigated the factors affecting loan acquisition among farmers in Otukpo LGA of Benue State of Nigeria. Primary data collected directly from the farmers were utilised in this study and analysed using descriptive statistics and probit analysis. The findings indicate that the loan collected during the 2006/2007 farming season was significantly lower (1000 times lower) that the amount of money spent on family obligations. This brings to the front burner the issue of food security and income stability of the small scale farmers. It has been discovered that many small scale farmers tend to sell off their farm produce when prices are low in order to repay social-obligated loans and also meet up some social obligations. Among the explanatory variables, interest rate charged and collateral given positively influenced loan acquisition while response to loan conditions impacted negatively on it. This findings indicates that farmers are favourable disposed towards taken loan with interest and given of collateral and this is contrary to what many researchers have tended to postulate.Item FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF OUTGROWER SEED PRODUCTION IN NORTHWEST AND NORTHCENTRAL NIGERIA(2024-12-04) Aguiyi, C. G., Mohammed, U.S., Adebayo, C. O. and Ogaji, A.The study was conducted to assess financial viability of outgrower seed production in Northwest and North-central, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 394 respondents for the study. Structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule was employed to collect primary data. Data collected were analysed using farm budgeting techniques. The results showed that rice, maize and soybean seed production enterprises are financially viable for outgrowers in North-Central and North-West Nigeria with net return of (₦ 641,684;₦ 671,840),(₦ 422,060;₦ 352,900) and (₦ 451,500;₦ 269,440), respectively although rice and maize showed higher profitability as compared to soybean. The study recommended that Seed companies should offer value-added services such as agronomic advisory, soil testing, and tailored fertilization plans. These services can help farmers make informed decisions, enhancing productivity and consequently, profitability.Item FISH FARMING: A SOURCE OF INCOME IN SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.(2016) Ibrahim F.D., Oseghale A.I., Jirgi A.J. and Ogaji A.The study examined the fish farming enterprise as a source of income in selected local government area in Niger State, Nigeria. Data for the study was collected through the use of questionnaire from 226 randomly selected fish farmers. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics, budgetary techniques and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that fish farming was carried out predominantly by males who are 42 years of age on the average. The NFI was N12255, while the BCR and RORI were 1.83 and 0.83 respectively an indication that fish farming was a profitable venture. In addition, the study revealed that cost of feed, cost of fingerlings, household size, and years spent schooling and farming experience were the factors that influenced revenue as they were significant at 5%. Based on the findings, the study concludes that fish farming is a profitable enterprise and it has a potential because it contributes to the household income. The study therefore recommends that young unemployed persons in the study area should be encouraged to start up fish farming enterprise and the government should help to subsidize the cost of feed so as to help fish farmers maximize their revenue.Item Gender Analysis of Allocative Efficiency in Small Scale Maize Production in Kogi State, Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Rural Extension and Development, 2010-07) Ojo, M.A., Olaleye, R.S., Ojo, A.O., Tsado, J.H. and Ogaji, A.The study examined gender analysis of allocative efficiency in small scale maize production in Kogi State, Nigeria. The primary data for the study were obtained using structured questionnaire administered to one hundred randomly sampled male and female maize farmers from two Local Government Areas. Descriptive statistics, gross margin, net farm income, gross ratio, operation ratio, return on capital investment and production function using regression model were used to analyze the data. The study showed that female farmers were more profitable and efficient in maize production than their male counterpart with operating ratio, gross ratio return on capital investment of 0.23. 0.30 and 3.36 respectively. The result from the production function analysis revealed that the R2 value for men were 54.9% while that of women were 57.1%. Variable inputs such as farm size, seed and fertilizer were found to be significant at 1%, 5% and 5% level of probability respectively for male farmers while seed, fertilizer and agrochemical were found to be significant at 5% and labour at 10% level of probability for female farmers. Elasticity of production (return to scale) for both male and female farmers showed an increasing return to scale and that maize production was in stage I of the production region in the study area. Estimated efficiency ratio (r) shows that the resources used were not efficiently utilized. It is recommended that the present level of allocative efficiency of maize production in the study area should be increased by using more of these productive resources. Farmers should also be encouraged to take into the advice of the adequately trained extension advisers on improved techniques of maize production such that there will be increase in yield per hectare.Item INCOME,SAVINGSANDINVESTMENTPATTERNOFSMALL-SCALE AGRO-BASEDENTREPRENEURSINKADUNASOUTHLOCAL GOVERNMENTAREAOFKADUNASTATE,NIGERIA(School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology Federal University of Technology, Minna, 2022-12-13) Oseghale, A.I., Jirgi, A.J., Ogaji, A., Ibrahim, F.D., Godwin D.E.The study aimed at analyzing the income, saving and investment pattern of small-scale agro-based entrepreneurs in Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna State. A total of 102 respondents were randomly selected from four wards in the study area using a multi stage sampling procedure. Primary data were collected using well-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics (such as frequency distribution, percentage, and mean), and Likert Scale Entrepreneurs in the study area were engaged in selling food stuffs with average entrepreneurial experience of 6years with average monthly income and savings of N39190 and N26759 respectively. Majority(40.2%) invested within N101000 - N200000 in their businesses.Item LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION AND INCOME INEQUALITY OF HOUSEHOLDS IN MINNA NIGER STATE(Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economist, 2016) Oseghale, A.I.; Ogaji, A.; Sadiq, M.S.; Bako, R.U.; Sani, A. and Akpa E.O.The study examined the effect of livelihood diversification and income inequality of households in Minna, Niger state. Multistage sampling technique was employed with 120 questionnaires administered. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Gini coefficients and Simpson’s Index of Diversity. The result of the research indicated that the respondents were into both off-farm and on-farm activities. In addition, trading, livestock and crop farming were the major livelihood activities of the respondents. Result of Gini coefficient indicated that livelihood diversification had a negative impact on inequality (0.795) but Simpson’s index of diversity (SID) showed a high level of diversity in the area (0.76). This implies that, diversification has an effect on household income. The need for the respondents to get involved in both agricultural and non-agricultural activities in order to earn more income and diversify income sources was recommended.Item Perceived relevance of improved rice production technologies in Katcha Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology, 2010-12) Ojo, M.A., Osadumo. D., Olaleye, R.S., Ojo, A.O., Tsado, R.H., and Ogaji, A.This study examines perceived relevance of improved rice production technologies in Katcha Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used in collecting data from 90 rice farmers who were randomly selected from the study area. Data on the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, their awareness and perception of the improved rice technologies as well as yield before and after adopting the improved technologies were obtained. Descriptive statistics and T-test were used for statistical analysis. The findings indicated that majority (83.1%) of the farmers were male with mean age of 41years. The mean household size was 8 people and also 46% had less than secondary school education. Awareness of the improved rice technology recorded 85.4% for sawah practices, 69.7% for fadama, 94.4% for improved seed variety (nerica), 80.9% for plough, 62.9 for power tiller and 73.0% for planter. Improved seed variety and land evaluation technology were highly perceived to be relevant by the respondents in the study area. There was a significant difference between the output before and after adopting the improved technologies (t-value=-3142). The study recommended that extension agents should encourage farmers on the use of farm machinery and equipment, agrochemicals and land evaluation technologies to further boost rice production and that there should be adequate awareness creation for improved rice production technologies by extension agents and relevant stakeholders with a view to improving rice production through adoption of proven technologies.