Physics
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Item ATTAINMENT OF THE 7-POINT AGENDA IN NIGERIA THROUGH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY(The Nigerian Journal of Research and Production, 2010-04) Eze, C. N.The 7-point agenda of the Nigerian President, Musa Umaru Yar’adua is a suitable road map to the quick modernization and industrialization of Nigeria. The agenda touches on the most important aspects of the needs of the people of this country. For instance, adequate supply of power and energy, the effective modernization of education at all levels from primary to tertiary, the beefing up of the system of transportation throughout the country, the departure from the dependence on crude oil to new areas of employment and wealth creation such as in agriculture and solid minerals and the assurance of security especially in Niger Delta zone of the country – all these will give this country a new lease of life never experienced before. This paper, therefore, contains analysis of the bone of contention of the -point agenda as enumerated by the president himself. Namely, power and energy, food security, wealth creation, transportation, land reform, education and security as epitomized in the Niger Delta situation. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the issues involved in achieving the agenda, or otherwise, show the strengths and weaknesses of the various proposals, in relationship with the existing science and technology in this country at the moment, and finally draw conclusion and make recommendations. The science and technology available in this country has already produced very formidable manpower that can handle Nigeria’s current state of development. If, however, there are certain rare areas where suitable technology is not available, the country is rich enough to pay for technology transfer from outside. The re-branding of Nigeria now in progress, though not part of the 7-point agenda, has created excellent opportunities for smoothening the rough edges of the agenda and, hopefully, will act as icing sugar and finishing touches to it. Keywords: Science and technology, the 7-point agenda, development, Nigerian government and the masses.Item Trend Analysis of Temperature in Gombe State Using Mann Kendall Trend Test(Journal of Scientific Research & Reports, 2018-10-11) YUSUF Abubakar Sadiq; U. U. Alhaji; C. O. Edet; Celestine O. Oche; E. P. AgboThis paper presents the trend analysis of temperature in Gombe State using Mann-Kendall trend test. The annual average of Maximum and Minimum Temperature data was obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Gombe State. In order to determine the nature of the trend and significance level, Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s estimate were employed. From this study, it was found out that Maximum and Average temperature exhibit positive Kendall’s Z value which indicates an upward trend and also imply increasing trend over time. The Test statistic ( ) for maximum and average temperatures are 4.38 and 4.43 respectively. This indicates that there is a significant increase in the trend at 5% level of significance since (p-values (0.0001) <0.05). However, the Z value for minimum temperature (1.59) shows a positive trend but not significant at 5% significant level since the p-value is greater than the significant level (p-value (0.107)>0.05). It can be inferred from both Mann- Kendall and Sen’s Slope that there is the tendency of increment in temperature. This could be due to the impact of climate change and can lead to weather extremes in the study area. It is therefore recommended that the variability of temperature should be monitored in order to minimize its effects on human activities.Item Improving the stoichiometry of RF-sputtered amorphous aluminathin films by thermal annealing(2015) OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; F.O. OGUNDAREHigh quality alumina thin films weredeposited on glass substrate by reactive radio-frequency sputtering. The de position process and rate were controlled by radio-frequency power and reactive gas (oxygen) flow rate. The re lationships between O/Al ratio contents and the structural, electrical resistivity and optical parameters of the films were investigated. The O/Al of the films varied with change in oxygen flow ratio, power density and post deposition annealing. The structure and phase of the filmswere unaltered as the deposition parameters and post depositionannealing up to 573 Kwerevaried. O/Al of 1.5 was obtained at oxygen flow ratio of 11%, radio-frequency power of 250 W and post deposition annealing of 573 K. The sheet resistance of the films were all very high but the same within experimental uncertainties. The optical parameters (transmittance, refractive index and extinction coefficient) of the films varied considerably and dependedonthe films’ stoichiometryItem Determination of the Radiological Risk Associated with Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) at Selected Quarry Sites in Abuja FCT, Nigeria: Using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy(2015) H. O. Shittu1,; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; A. N. Baba-Kutigi; S. F. OlukotunThe concentrations of natural radionuclides (238U, 232Th and 40K) in the granite rocks of major quarry sites in Federal Capital Territory, (FCT), Abuja was determined by gamma ray spectroscopy using a well calibrated NaI (Tl) detector system. The range of activity concentrations of (238U, 232Th and 40K) were found to be (37.41 ± 5.41 to 110.16 ± 7.50, 64.13 ± 15.99 to 349.11 ± 69.44 and 323.99 ± 3.73 to 2727.95 ± 14.69) Bq.kg-1 respectively. The total average of 238U, 232Th and 40K were found to be 74.74 ± 5.67. 199.23 ± 43.30 and 1021.27 ± 7.14 Bq.kg-1 respectively, which are high when compared with worldwide average of 33, 45 and 412. The high value is attributed to geology of the areas where the granites is mined and varies from different quarry sites. The radium equivalent activity concentration was found in the range from 331.50 to 529.91 Bqkg-1, the absorbed dose rate was found to be in the range from 148.72 ± 30.69 to 243.78 ± 30.49 nGyh-1 with an average value of 197.45±29.06 nGyh-1, and the outdoor annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) was found to vary from 0.13 to 0.38 mSvy-1, which is below the safety limit of 1 mSv.y-1 as recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection [19]. Also, the internal and external hazard indices were found to be more than unity, suggesting that workers and people living in such site could be exposed to radiological hazard.Item A protocol for setting dose reference level for medical radiography in Nigeria: A Review(BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO, NIGERIA, 2010-02-10) OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; SHARIFAT IPatients’ dose audit reports in some Nigerian hospitals had shown large inter- and intra-hospital variations for the same radiological examinations. They have thus presented the need, to have a national standard for radiological diagnostic procedures and set dose limits for individual x-ray examination centers in Nigeria. These will go a long way in reducing inter- and intra-hospital dose range factors, thus reducing doses to as low as reasonably achievable and consistent with clinical objectives of the examinations. In establishing a national dose limit for medical radiological examinations, there is a need to have a national dose survey. This paper suggests a Reasonable and easy procedure for achieving a national radiological dose survey. Due to its simplicity of measurement, the use of entrance surface dose as the dose parameter to be used for setting the dose limit as recommended by the European Union and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is also suggested. ESD can be measured directly through the use of solid state detectors, or indirectly by measuring free air exposure which can later be converted to ESD using standard formula. The methods of measuring the entrance surface dose and how to derive the dose limit from them are also highlighted.