Estate Management &Valuation

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Estate Management &Valuation

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Access to Urban Land in Abuja and Minna: Challenges and way forward
(Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2012) Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde; Ighalo James I
This study attempts to examine the challenges to land accessibility for urban development using some selected districts in Federal Capital City (FCC), Abuja and neighborhoods in Minna of Nigeria as case study areas. The primary method of data collection employed the distribution of questionnaires to individual land owners, property developers or plot allottees and people who do not own land. Chi - Square test and Likert Scale are statistical tools employed. Findings revealed that in FCC, 43% of the respondents own land while 57% do not own land. 66% of the land owners have developed their lands while 34% have not. In Minna, 61% of the respondents own land while 39% do not own land. About 67.8% of the land owners have developed their lands while 32.2 % of the land owners are yet to develop their lands. In FCC, lack of funds and potable water are the reasons why land owners are yet to develop their lands while inadequate funds is the major reason why respondents did not own lands. In Minna, lack of fund, electricity, access to land and shanty structures around undeveloped plots are the reasons why land owners are yet to develop their lands while inadequate funds and lack of interest are the major reasons why respondents do not own land. The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the level of income of respondents and land ownership in FCC and Minna. The paper suggests among others that government should ensure payment of appropriate minimum wages, reduction to minimum of various fees paid on allocation and perfection of land titles as well as ensuring safety of lives and properties of the people with the view to accelerating urban development within the study areas.
Assessment of Public Real Estate Investment Performance in North Central Nigeria: A Literature Review
(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, 2024) Dodo Zakari U; Nuhu Mohammed Bashar; Ogunbajo Rukayat Adeola; Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde
This paper examines the performance of public real estate investments in North Central Nigeria, focusing on their impact on economic development, infrastructure, and social welfare. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, drawing from recent studies on public real estate investment in developing nations. The methodology is a systematic literature review to assess the performance of public real estate investments in North Central Nigeria. Academic journals, government reports, and conference proceedings from the past decade were reviewed to gather relevant information on the subject. A search was conducted using keywords such as "public real estate investment," "North Central Nigeria," "housing development," "infrastructure," and "economic impact." The findings highlight how public real estate investments contribute to job creation, housing development, and infrastructural improvements. However, significant challenges such as inequitable housing distribution, limited access to amenities, and inefficient planning remain. The paper provides insights into how these investments can be better aligned with community needs for improved social and economic outcomes.
Assessment of Public Real Estate Investment Performance in North Central Nigeria: A Literature Review
(FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, 2024) Zakari U. Dodo; Mohammed B. Nuhu; RukaIyat A. Ogunbajo; Adeyosoye B. Ayoola
This paper examines the performance of public real estate investments in North Central Nigeria, focusing on their impact on economic development, infrastructure, and social welfare. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, drawing from recent studies on public real estate investment in developing nations. The methodology is a systematic literature review to assess the performance of public real estate investments in North Central Nigeria. Academic journals, government reports, and conference proceedings from the past decade were reviewed to gather relevant information on the subject. A search was conducted using keywords such as "public real estate investment," "North Central Nigeria," "housing development," "infrastructure," and "economic impact." The findings highlight how public real estate investments contribute to job creation, housing development, and infrastructural improvements. However, significant challenges such as inequitable housing distribution, limited access to amenities, and inefficient planning remain. The paper provides insights into how these investments can be better aligned with community needs for improved social and economic outcomes.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF ROAD PROVISION ON PROPERTY RETURNS IN BOSSO ESTATE, MINNA, NIGERIA.
(2022) SULEIMAN YAKUBU; AJAYI M.T.A; ABASS SULE; RUKAIYAT OGUNBAJO
The paper assesses the effect on property investment returns, of public capital investment (budgetary expenditures) on road infrastructure in Bosso Estate, Minna (Nigeria) with the aim of establishing the degree of impact of public capital investment on property investment returns. The paper covers an important policy and practice issue regarding the impact of government spending on the real estate industry. The government is keen to know the areas of greater impact of its expenditures and the extent to which the benefits from the effect may go in enhancing or providing funds (through tax) for new road Infrastructure provision or repair of existing ones as it faces funding challenges in providing new infrastructure or improving existing ones. The beforeand-after case method is employed in the study to the increase in property values (rental and sales). The findings demonstrate that once budgetary expenditure (road reconstruction) occurred, property investment returns in the area increased. The findings serve as the foundation for the government’s decision to provide more funds for budgetary allocations and expenditures connected to the infrastructure for road provision. The findings also estimate the potential for capturing the rise in returns from real estate investments as a potential alternative funding source through property.
Assessment of void periods in residential buildinds in Minna, Nigeria
(UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND, JOHANNESBURG, 2024) Rukaiyat Adeola Ogunbajo; Shien Stephen Kuma
The period of void is a major challenge faced by investors in residential buildings in Minna. Re-letting vacant apartments takes a while, and in many cases, newly completed residential buildings experience voids. Therefore at what level of void periods, residential building types are most vulnerable, as well as locational differences are the critical questions that informed this study. Thus, the study aimed to provide an in-depth assessment of void periods in buildings among residential neighbourhoods in Minna, Nigeria. The objectives are to assess the level of void periods, analyse variations across residential building types, and explore neighbourhoodlevel differences in the study area. The study utilized a quantitative research design, employing a structured questionnaire that was distributed to ESVs, LEAs, and property owners who oversee the management of the 1,500 residential units that were selected for the sample in 13 different sted analysis of variance, and the Games-Howell post hoc test were used for data analysis. The findings revealed aggregate mean void periods of 4.87, 5.47, 5.13, and 7.03 months for tenement, 1-bedroom, 2-bedroom, and 3-bedroom residential building types. This outcome varies significantly among the building types across the 13 neighbourhoods in terms of those with high and low void periods. The study concludes that there are relatively high void periods in the Minna residential property market and the need for collaborative efforts towards stemming the tide.
Building a Modern Land Administration System in Nigeria
(School of Environmental Technology Federal University of Technology Main Campus, Gidan Kwano, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, 2016) Kemiki Olurotimi Adebowale; Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde; Kuma Shien Stephen; Ojetunde Ismail; Fabunmi Foluke Olanike
Land administration is a significant framework for the management of any nation’s pool of resources and has remained one of the most chatted discourses among urban issues in many developing countries. This paper examines the issues in land administration in Nigeria and other developing countries, looking at the various administrative and legal frameworks in place for an efficient land delivery system. The land administration system in Nigeria is plaque by challenges spanning from policy, institutional and legal frameworks to technical and operational issues which have direct impact on implementation. These challenges emanated from some of the import ideologies that adjustments could not be made upon. The study recommends the reform of policies and the creation of a local integrated land administration system model (LAS) that will accommodate our country peculiarities. Also the development and sustenance of an ICT based professionals and infrastructure that will enhance efficiency in the land information system.
Cadastral Information System for M.I. Wushishi Housing Estate
(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education, United States of America, 2015) Kemiki Olurotimi Adebowale; Odumosu Joseph Olayemi; Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde; Popoola Naomi Ijadunola
This study presents the possibilities for efficient implementation of a Cadastral Information System for M. I. Wushishi Estate in a GIS environment. Logical and Physical models for the Cadastral Information System were built and utilized in the creation of the Cadastral Information System using an Entity relationship model.
CHALLENGES OF RENTAL HOUSING AFFORDABILITY BY TEACHERS IN MINNA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.
(International Anatolian Scientific Research Congress, Kayseri – Turkey, 2022) Falilat Abdulmalik; Rukaiyat Ogunbajo; Sekinat Abdulkareem
Affordable housing has become a serious and considerable challenge especially for low incomes households which resulted from continue growth and expansion of the urban centre. There has been a serious threat to rental accommodation in the urban areas especially to certain grade of workers whose income in most cases are based on their salaries. The challenge becomes not only to provide the houses but to make the houses affordable to the average Nigerian worker. The study examined the challenges of rental housing affordability by teachers in Minna, Niger state, Nigeria. Data were collected from 927 teachers between grade levels 07-17 in 20 purposively selected public secondary schools within Minna metropolis. Information were obtained on the annual income, property rental value and challenges of rental housing affordability by teachers in the study area. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in analyzing data collected. The study revealed that there was a positive significant correlation between annual income and property rental value of the teachers, which implies that as long as there is increase in annual income of teachers, property rental value of teachers in the study area will increase. Lastly, high cost of building materials among others is the strongest predictor of rental value and thus a key contributor to explaining the level of rental housing affordability of teachers in the study area. Among other recommendations to reduce the rental values of properties occupied by teachers in the study area, government should implement existing staff housing programme. While implementing this programme, various income groups should be put into consideration. Emphasis should also be placed on low and medium housing units specific for teachers. This will reduce the housing cost thus making it more affordable to many teachers.
Determinants of Residential Property Location Choice of Tenants in Bosso and Chanchaga Local Government Areas of Minna, Nigeria
(Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 2020) Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde; Kemiki Olurotimi Adebowale; Popoola Naomi Ijadunola; Ojetunde Ismail; Oyedele J B
This study investigates the determinants of residential location choice in Bosso local government area (LGA) and Chanchaga local government area (LGA) of Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered on tenants who are household heads in the study area to weigh 15 factors that influence their choice of current homes. The discriminant function analysis was employed. The empirical results exhibit statistically significant and largest discriminant loading of factors such as availability of fence wall and large floor area of apartment (dwelling attributes) and location of property in a particular neighbourhood (neighbourhood attribute) as the determinants of residential location of tenants in the study area. The study therefore recommends that all stakeholders in residential property sector in the study area should ensure that building accommodation details are allocated adequate space to meet the needs of tenants and buildings are fenced before offer for letting. The study also recommends that policy makers and planners should ensure that efforts are geared toward restructuring of the unplanned neighbourhoods in Bosso and Chanchaga local government areas (LGAs) whilst maintaining and improving the available facilities and services in planned neighbourhoods. These to a great extent will proportionately enhance satisfaction and shape the residential location decisions of tenants resulting in maximum investment returns to all residential property investors across all the neighbourhoods in Minna.
Effect of Neighbourhood Crime on Residential Property Values: A Review of Literature
(School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, 2024) Alake Seye Samuel; Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde; Kemiki Olurotimi Adebowale; Sule Abass Iyanda; Ewerem Precious N
The effect of Neighbourhood crime has a detrimental effect on residential property values, often discouraging investment in residential real estate. This paper presents a review of empirical studies on the effect of neighbourhood crime on property values. The purpose of the review is to summarise current knowledge about the influence of neighbourhood crime on residential property value. The literature was rigorously sourced from platforms such as Emerald, ScienceDirect, SAGE, and Google Scholar. The findings reveal a consistent inverse relationship between property crime and residential property values, with higher crime rates leading to decreased housing prices across various geographic contexts, including Europe and developing economies. Proximity to crime hot spots and incidents of burglary and vandalism significantly reduce property values due to safety concerns among buyers. Methodologies such as hedonic pricing models and regression analyses were frequently employed. The review observed the limited focus on the effect of crime on residential property values in developing economies. It is recommended that further research be carried out on the impact of neighborhood crime on residential property values in developing economies to better understand the unique aspects of this social issue. Government and relevant agencies should also focus on this area of study, as it can contribute to promoting sustainable housing solutions that support healthier living environments.
EPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON AFFORDABLE HOUSING DELIVERY IN NIGERIA: 1914 - 2014
(FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, 2018) N.B. UDOEKANEM; I.A OLATUNJI; R. A. OGUNBAJO
Examination of Rental Default by Commercial Property Occupiers in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
(2022) Zainab Adetoro Folorunso; Rukaiyat Adeola Ogunbajo
The effect of rental defaults by commercial property occupiers cannot be overemphasised, as the rate of default is increasing at an alarming rate. Rental default arises when occupiers of commercial properties fail to carry out their obligation of fulfilling the financial requirements as when due. This phenomenon has led to several issues on the part of the property managers and property owners, including delays in mortgage payments, poor maintenance, and a host of other problems. This study investigates the prevalence of rent defaults among owners of commercial property in Minna, Niger state, to stop this unsightly occurrence of rental default and related attendance concerns in commercial buildings. This is done to give property owners in the study region more authority over their decisions. The study used a survey methodology in which 311 residents of 38 purpose-built retail complexes (PBSC) received questionnaires via simple random distribution. The received data was examined using percentage and frequency distribution. The results depicts that 52% of the respondent pay their rents as at when do and 48% defaults in the in payment, this shows that the rent default amongst tenants of PBSC in study area is fair.
Factors Influencing the use of Information and Communication Technology in Real Estate Practice in Minna
(Faculty of Environmental Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Bauchi, Nigeria, 2015) Adeyemo Afeez Adewunmi; Kemiki Olurotimi Adebowale; Adama Unekwu Jonathan; Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde
The study explored motivating factors influencing the use of ICT in Minna. The target population were registered Estate Surveyors and Valuers domiciled and operating within the Minna property market. The respondents were extracted from the 2011 NIESV membership Directory. Survey data from 15 estate firms were collected to analyze the vital motivating factors influencing the use of ICT in real estate practice. A five point Likert scale was used to examine their opinions and spearman rank correlation was used to test if there is any relationship between internal and external motivating factors. The result indicated that increased productivity of staff, enhanced quality of customer services, knowledge sharing factor, information accessibility, improved decision making and time saving are the most influencing motivating factors while competitors' pressure, availability of ICT infrastructure, management and business size, reduced overall cost are less influencing motivating factors. The study further revealed that internal motivating factors strengthened the use of ICT in their domain. There is negative correlation between the internal and external motivating factors. Niger state branch of NIESV and ESVARBON should recommend the use of ICT to all estate firms and estate surveyors and valuers. Also, the work concludes by recommending further conduct of comprehensive indigenous research and development (R&D) in ICT driven real estate practice in Minna by liaison with various educational institutions offering estate management in their domain in order to be abreast of global best practices.
Impact of a Tertiary Institution on the Infrastructure Development of the Host Community
(School of Environmental Technology Federal University of Technology Main Campus, Gidan Kwano, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, 2016) Kemiki Olurotimi Adebowale; Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde; Idowu Olusegun
Federal university of Technology, Minna developed its main campus in Gidan-Kwano and started operation in 2005. This work examines the impact of university on the host community. Landsat imageries were used to monitor spatial growth in Gidan-Kwano between year 2005 and 2015. Ground survey data were collected from Federal university of Technology, Minna, Estate Agents, Property developers, Power Holding Company of Nigeria and Ministry of Lands and Housing. ILWIS was used to analyse the satellite imageries while Analyze-it was used for the analysis of the ground survey data. Findings revealed that residential land use which stood at 8.87% of the total land use in 2005 has now grown to 25.19% in 2015. There are other infrastructures attracted to the area during period under review. However, the growth has been marked with problems of uncoordinated development and inadequate infrastructure. The ever increasing population of the university will continue to attract physical development and if the growing development is not coordinated by enacting master plan, there will be chaotic and haphazard development. The study has revealed the spillover effects of locating university. It has also unfolded the pending danger of uncontrolled development. A comprehensive master plan should be developed for the community.
Influencing Factors of Land Dispute in South West Nigeria
(FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, 2024) Dairo O. Elizabeth; Sule A.I.; Nuhu M. B.; Ogunbajo R.A.
In Nigeria, particularly in the South-West, the unpleasant consequences emanating from land ownership disputes such as killings, destruction of properties, ethnic and tribal violence, political protests, and multiple sales of land result in a seeming or assumed ambiguity about the real ownership of the land. It was on this basis that this work comparatively analyses measures adopted in managing land disputes in Southwest Nigeria, with a view to developing guidelines for the most effective and efficient measures. A systematic random sampling method was used in selecting the landowners and lawyers, and a purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the directors in the states. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire administered to 955 landowners, 456 lawyers, and 17 directors. Also, seven experts were interviewed, which was made up of 4 lawyers and 3 directors. Descriptive, chi-square, Anova, content analyses, and case studies were used for the analysis. The findings as regards the overall type of disputes in communities in the south west indicate that 22.5% of the respondents encountered boundary disputes, 21.8% encountered land grabbing disputes, 21.5% encountered community land disputes, 30.6% encountered ownership property rights, and the remaining 13.6% encountered encroachment disputes. The land owners found that greed and lack of love generate land disputes in Ondo State, coownership and idle land in Ekiti State, and poverty and lack of love in Osun State. The lawyer found that encroachment and virgin land cause land conflicts in Ondo, Ekiti, and Osun states. The director found that co-ownership, encroachment, and virgin land cause land disputes in Ondo State, Ekiti State, and Osun State respectively. The study recommended that the government, through its agencies, should look into the establishment and creation of more land resolution agencies to resolve issues around land matters. The government should mitigate the nefarious activities of land officers or community land owners by encouraging them to do the needful.
Potential Impact of Smart Building Elements on Commercial Property Investments in Lagos State, Nigeria
(FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, 2024) Joy E. Omoare; Unekwu J. Adama; Namnso B. Udoekanem; Rukaiyat A. Ogunbajo
The impact of smart building elements on commercial property investment in recent years including the landscape of real estate investment has undergone significant transformation across the globe, particularly in emerging economies such as Nigeria. This study explores the potential effect of Smart Building Elements (SBEs) on commercial property investment in Nigeria, as the global narrative of real estate investment has been progressively influenced by the Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies (Industry 4.0), particularly through the integration of (SBEs). In developed regions like the United States, evidence in literature suggests that investors are securing higher premiums in rents and transaction prices by incorporating technologies such as the smart building elements which include sensors, smart meters, smart security cameras, smart thermostats and smart lighting systems into commercial properties. SBEs address the complex demands of commercial spaces which include enhanced comfort, improved accessibility, heightened security, and efficient energy management. The study methodology is based on a review of published articles in peer-reviewed journals and conferences, accessed from online search engines including Google scholar, ResearchGate and Scispace. Results show SBEs facilitate predictive maintenance, enhance space utilization, achieve significant returns on investment, increase tenant satisfaction and retention. Notably, stakeholders (investors, facility managers and tenants) in the real estate sector are aware and accept SBEs. Nevertheless, predominant literature did not capture the tangible economic impact and the operational benefits SBEs can deliver in Lagos state, Nigeria. This research gap underscores a critical need for in-depth empirical study on how SBEs specifically affect commercial property investment outcomes in Lagos state, Nigeria.
Property Tax as a Tool for Effective and Sustainable Development (A Case Study of Minna Metropolis)
(The Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers, Niger State Branch, 2008) Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde; Adeogun Adekunle Sunday
The property tax is an important source of revenue for state and local governments. On average, property taxes account for about 75% of state and local government tax revenues in the Unites States. These revenues are used to fund education, police and fire protection and other government services (Charles T. Floyd and Marcus, T. Allen, 2005). In a research conducted in Minna East and Bosso Local Government Area of Niger State, out of 150 people sampled about 35 people are aware of property rating which is a reliable source of local government finance. The remaining 115 people are ignorant of what property rating is all about. Also, at the State Inland Revenue office in Minna, only few property based taxes are in operation and collectible by this state constituted authority. The reason for this could be attributed to political, socio and economic problems associated with tax administration in the state. This paper emphasized the need to engage the services of estate surveyors and valuers as well as State Inland Revenue offices in our rating departments comprehensive enabling Edict, vigorous enlightenment campaigns, placing checks on multiplicity of rates and judicious use of tax should be juxtaposed with the provision of amenities and infrastructures among others. The paper concludes that, political will on the part of our government will in no small measure address the identified problems associated with property tax administration in the state.
THE CONTRIBUTORY EFFECT OF EXTERNALITIES TO THE VOID PERIODS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN MINNA, NIGERIA
(FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, 2018) Ogunbajo, R. A; Adewusi, A. O; Usman, B.S.; Ayoola, A. B
A number of residential buildings have been observed to suffer longer void periods in recent times despite the increasing demand for residential accommodation across urban areas. Landlords and real estate investors are sometimes faced with the challenge of replacing tenants within the shortest possible time, thus being unable to adequately recoup the invested capital on residential properties developed in particular neighbourhoods. This study provides evidence on the contributory effect of externalities on the void period for residential buildings in Minna. The sample for the study constituted a total of 207 three bedroom bungalows which fell into void at any point between January 2014 and December 2016 – covering a three year period. Adequate data were provided for 144 of these dwellings which spread across nine neighbourhoods, representing 70% response rate. Data were sourced from practicing estate surveyors & valuers, and estate agents in the study area, as well as occupants of housing units that fell within the sample. The sourced data provided information on the void periods of sampled dwelling units as well as required information on selected externalities. Collated data were analysed using the optimally scaled categorical regression analysis. The regression model explained 51% of the total variation in the void period of residential buildings. Findings revealed that the void periods of residential buildings reduced with closer distances to shopping centers, recreation centers, major roads, and improved electricity supply. On the contrary, educational institutions, health care centers, refuse dumps, security and sources of water supply were found not to have significant contributions to the void period of three bedroom bungalows in the study area. The study recommended that real estate investors’ should be mindful of externalities in an area before embarking on real estate developments in order to ensure satisfactory returns on their investment.
The effect of coastal environment on residential property values: A review of literature
(Centre for Human Settlements and Urban Development (CHSUD) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, 2019) Oladapo Rashidat Adejoke; Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde; Ojo Babajide; Olukolajo M A
In coastal environment, studies have revealed a wide range of structural, locational, neighbourhood and environmental attributes to account for their effects on property values. This study observed that the trends in studies on effects of different sectors of the coastline on coastal housing market have been largely progressive in continents like America, Asia and Europe but rather slow in Africa countries like Nigeria. In this review, an attempt is made to provide a common classification for housing attributes based on studies that employed hedonic pricing models and categorize findings from a number of coastal housing studies. The review also noted that measurable but varied price premium were paid for attributes such as beach nourishment, water views and clarity by buyers for proximate properties to the coastline. The paper therefore recommends more studies of effects of coastline features on property value particularly in developing countries like Nigeria so as to reveal the peculiarities in their coastal regions.
The Impact of Noise and Dust Level on Rental Price of Residential Tenements around Lafarge Cement Factory in Ewekoro Town, Nigeria
(Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia, 2014) Kemiki Olurotimi Adebowale; Ojetunde Ismail; Ayoola Adeyosoye Babatunde
This study employed hedonic pricing model to investigate the impact of noise and dust spewed from a cement factory on a sample of 126 tenements from 11 residential settlements within Ewekoro local housing market in Nigeria. Market-wide hedonic model for all the 126 tenements within 5.5km of the cement factory) was estimated. In addition, two separate unrestricted hedonic models were also estimated (the first consisting of 38 tenements within 2.5km of the factory and the other comprising 88 tenements located between 2.5km to 5.5km of the factory). The hedonic models which take the doublelog functional form were estimated with house rent (a proxy for house price) as the dependent variable. Generally, the results of the market-wide model revealed that, dust level and noise, which are negative externalities from the cement factory dampen rent by 21.90% (N 13815) and 1.49% (N 24.80) respectively within the study area. Findings from the unrestricted models further signify that tenement rents tend to decrease with increasing distance to Lafarge cement factory due to severity of dust and noise. As panacea to this problem it is recommended that government should provide policy response - the introduction of effluent fees which would force the cement and other manufacturing companies to internalize their externalities by paying for noise and dust pollution. The basic objective of such policy response is for manufacturing companies to move to the use of energy efficient and eco-friendly plants that generate less noise and dust in their production operations. On the other, the cement company should also imbibe Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as part of its efforts in providing a sustainable living environment for the residents in Ewekoro town.