Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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    Coordination of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems and Distributed Generation in a Synthetic Co-simulation of Transmission and Distribution Network
    (Turkish Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems (TEPES), 2024-02) Ahmad, Abubakar Sadiq; Yusuf, Latifa; Muhammad, Buhari; Sanusi Sani Adamu; James, Garba Ambafi
    In ensuring sustainable power delivery under rapid growth in demand, modern power grids are characterized by advanced solutions such as flexible alternat ing current transmission systems and distributed generation. However, flexible alternating current transmission systems and distributed generations are often planned by their respective system operators, ignoring their coordination and impacting system-wide performance. This paper develops a bi-level optimization approach for flexible alternating current transmission systems and distributed generation coordination in an integrated transmission and distribution network to improve available transfer capability, power losses, and voltage deviation. The approach comprises inner and outer optimization. Inner optimization imple ments a hybrid of particle swarm optimization and Active Power Flow Performance Index for flexible alternating current transmission systems’ planning. At the same time, the outer optimization employs multi-objective particle swarm optimization, which targets distributed generation planning at the distribution network—the integrated transmission and distribution network models’ both transmission and distribution section. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach, two models of distributed generations, only real power and real and reactive power injections, were separately coordinated with a thyristor-controlled series compensator and static synchronous series compensator. Results show superior available transfer capability enhancement with thyristor-controlled series compensator−power injectionsDG and static synchronous series compensator−power injectionsDG, compared to the non-coordinated scenario. Pareto front plots of available transfer capability, power losses, and voltage deviation are such that after some maximum available transfer capability, the slope of the Pareto approaches zero.
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    Effect of Power Factor of a Synchronous Machine on Eccentricity Faults Classification Accuracies
    (IEEE, 2024-09-12) Yusuf, Latifa; Shejwalkar, Ashwin; Ilamparithi, Thirumarai Chelvan
    The research work studies the effect of changing power factor of a Salient Pole Synchronous Machine (SPSM) on eccentricity fault classification accuracies of machine learning and deep learning models. The SPSM was subjected to static eccentricity (SE) and dynamic eccentricity (DE) with a severity of forty percent. Data was collected at different operating conditions, such as lagging, leading, and unity power factor. The data was used to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) for eccentricity fault classification. Results show that the SPSM’s changing power factor significantly affected the classification accuracy of both neural networks.
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    Dynamic Eccentricity Fault Detection in Synchronous Machines Using Principal Component Analysis
    (IEEE, 2023-09) Yusuf, Latifa; Ilampari, Thirumarai Chelvan
    The paper proposes a new method for detecting dynamic eccentricity faults in a Salient Pole Synchronous Machine (SPSM). Several methods have been documented in the literature for detecting dynamic eccentricity, including using search coils, motor current signature analysis (MCSA), and data-based techniques. The former approach is invasive, thereby increasing installation cost, while MCSA is affected by load variations. A major hurdle in using data-driven methods is the selection of features. To overcome these limitations, the authors propose performing principal component analysis (PCA) on the fundamental sideband frequencies of motor current signals to detect and isolate dynamic eccentricity from static eccentricity faults. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a data-driven technique that can extract meaningful features in a dataset by transforming correlated variables into a reduced set of uncorrelated variables through a linear transformation. Experimental data of stator currents from a 2-kW, 208 V, 3-phase SPSM were used for the analysis. Results showed that the method isolated dynamic eccentric faults irrespective of the loading condition of the SPSM.
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    Available Transmission Transfer Efficiency (ATTE) as an Index Measurement for Power Transmission Grid Performance
    (2015-05-25) Ahmad Abubakar Sadiq; Mark N. Nwohu; Jacob Tsado; Ahmad A. Ashraf; Agbachi E. Okenna; Enesi E. Yahaya; Ambafi James Garba
    Transmission system performance analysis is vital to proper planning and operations of power systems in the presence of deregulation. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are often used as measure of degree of performance. This paper gives a novel method to determine the transmission efficiency by evaluating the ratio of real power losses incurred from a specified transfer direction. Available Transmission Transfer Efficiency (ATTE) expresses the percentage of real power received resulting from inter-area available power transfer. The Tie line (Rated system path) performance is seen to differ from system wide (Network response) performance and ATTE values obtained are transfer direction specific. The required sending end quantities with specified receiving end ATC and the receiving end power circle diagram are obtained for the tie line analysis. The amount of real power loss load relative to the available transfer capability gives a measure of the transmission grid efficiency
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    Performance Characteristics and Double Revolving Theory of Single Phase Induction Motor
    (Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 2013-12-23) Yahaya Asizehi ENESI
    Single phase induction motors are used in number of applications such as in offices, homes and in factories. Their numerous applications and immense importance lead to the study of the general characteristics of such motors. In this paper the input data of a given single phase induction motor without core loss is obtained from laboratory and the motor equivalent circuit is developed from the input parameters and this circuit helps to obtain the principle of double revolving theory. Determination of the output parameters from input parameters using circuit equations lead to the plotting graphs of the motor performance characteristics for the purpose of illustration. The paper also demonstrates the simulation of the steady-state performance by MATLAB program
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    Performance Evaluation of Energy-aware Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Different Radio Models
    (International Journal of Computing, Communications and Networking, 2013-12-13) Adamu Murtala Zungeru; Enesi Asizehi Yahaya; Caroline Omoanatse Alenoghena
    A routing protocol is the nervous system of any computer network. In a network where hundreds or thousands of nodes are working simultaneously, the job of a routing protocol is to identify/discover one or more path connecting a pair of nodes under a given set of constraints. The prime requirement for a routing protocol is to optimize the network performance. On the other hand, ad hoc networks form a distinct category of networks whereby nodes are wirelessly connected to each other and may be in constant random motion. However, in ad hoc networks like sensor networks, the performance differs with different radio models. This paper present simulation results of the comparative investigation of the performance of swarm based routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on different radio models using routing modeling application simulation environment (RMASE), an application built on a probabilistic wireless network simulator (PROWLER). Our simulation results indicate that the energy aware routing objectives of Termite-hill, Sensor driven and cost-aware ant routing (SC) and Improved Energy Efficient Ant Based routing (IEEABR) protocols increases the network lifetime for Normal Radio Model (NRM), Radio Model with Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (RMSINR) and Radio Model with Rayleigh Fading (RMRYF)
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    Analysis of non-salient pole synchronous generator using phasor diagrams
    (Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 2014-12-25) Yahaya Asizehi ENESI; Adamu Murtala ZUNGERU; Isah Agbogunde ADEMOH
    In this paper, various performance equations are derived from phasor diagrams of a three phase non-salient pole (cylindrical rotor) synchronous generator of known armature resistance and of ignored armature resistance for lagging, unity and leading power factor load. These equations are used to calculate the output parameters of non-synchronous generator and to plot the graphs of terminal voltage-armature current, torque angle-armature current, torque angle-terminal voltage, power-torque angle and torque-speed characteristics through simulation by MATLAB program for the purpose of illustration.
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    Determination of the Wire size of a Three phase Squirrel cage Induction Motor with a Missing Nameplate
    (The Nigerian Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2014-06-29) Enesi Asizehi Yahaya; Mark Nwohu; Ayo Imoru; Tola Omokhafe; Ambafi .G. James
    An empty stator of a squirrel cage induction motor rated at 220/380V, 50Hz with a missing nameplate and without winding has been lying down in a factory for so long and now the factory wants to use it for production purposes. This is a motor whose class protection degree is IP44, IP54 or IP55. This paper presents a method of determining the wire size (diameter) required to rewind the motor to its full rating power capacity. With motor nameplate and using National Electrical Code (NEC) and National Manufacturers Association (NEMA) specifications, the diameter of the wire can be determined. In the absence of the nameplate and the windings, the motor is difficult to rewind in order to obtain its desired characteristics. This can be achieved by the measurement of main dimensions of motor stator, using standard rating specifications, standard performance curves and analytical method.
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    Air Gap Length and Maximum and Minimum Inductance of A Double-Salient Reluctance Machine (DSRM) using The Developed Analytical Algorithm
    (International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2022-03-12) Enesi Asizehi Yahaya; Ajah Victor; Emenike Chinedozi Ejiogu
    In this paper an algorithm is developed to predict the maximum and minimum inductance of an optimized pole arc of a fabricated double salient reluctance machine (DSRM). The developed analytical algorithm investigates the air gap length at the maximum and minimum inductances. These are achieved through the machine rotor pole arc, stator pole arc, bore diameter, back iron thickness, rotor yoke thickness, stack length, and rotor pole diameter. The validity of the newly developed analytical procedures for predicting the maximum and minimum inductances was evaluated using the measurements obtained from the machine prototype. There was a good correlation between the analytical and experimental results. Inductances and air gap lengths of 2/2 DSRM of equal stator and rotor pole width and stator pole width greater than the rotor pole width were investigated and analyzed using the developed algorithm. A second existing DSRM with different numbers of stator and rotor poles whose inductances have been known and compared with finite element analysis (FEA) is chosen to verify the algorithm developed. The 2/2 DSRM’s potential to sustain oscillation during energy conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy is investigated
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    Spectrum Occupancy Measurement in the VHF Band- Results and Evaluation in the Context of Cognitive Radio
    (International Engineering Conference (IEC) 2019, 2019) Ajiboye, Johnson Adegbenga; Adegboye B.A; Aibinu A.M; Kolo J.G
    In this paper the results of spectrum occupancy survey in the context of Cognitive Radio was presented. In Cognitive Radio, secondary unlicensed users are allowed to opportunistically use the primary licensed users’ bands with the understanding that there will be no interference i.e Secondary Users (SU) quits at the arrival of Primary Users (PU). A 24-hour measurement survey was carried out at the centre of Minna metropolis in Niger State, Nigeria covering a frequency range of VHF (30-300MHz). Aaronia HF 6065 V4 spectrum analyzer was used for data collection. Results show that the band allocated for Aeronautical Navigation has the highest spectral occupancy of 39.83% followed by the FM band with occupancy of 12.90% while the frequency band meant for Aeronautical Mobile and Space Operation has occupancy of 4.73% and TV Broadcasting 0.09%. The average occupancy of the VHF band is 14.39%.