Animal Production

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Animal Production

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Some biological activities of Garcinia kola in growing rats
(VETERINARSKI ARHIV , Printed in Croatia, 2001-10-23) Uko, Otor John; Usman, Abdulkadir; Ataja, Mohammed Abu
The biological activities of water extract from Garcinia kola (G. kola) were investigated in growing Wistar rats. Three doses of G. kola extract (0, 10, 20 mg G. kola/100g body mass of rat) were administered daily by gavage to the respective groups of 15 rats for a period of 70 days. The animals were offered standard rat diet and water ad libitum. The plant extract had a depressive effect (P<0.01) on appetite and water intake with resultant poor (P<0.05) feed utilization efficiency and mass gain of rats in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were elevated (P<0.05) but histological examinations of liver, heart and lungs of experimental rats revealed no alterations. Nevertheless, a significant (P<0.05) increase in leucocyte counts was adduced for possible mild degenerative changes in these organs. The extract enhanced sexual interest (libido) of the male rats but did not necessarily improve their fertility rate.
Blood biochemistry and haematology of weaner rabbits fed sundried, ensiled, and fermented cassava peel based diets
(Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006) Ahamefule, F. O; Eduok, G. O.; Usman, A; Amaefule, K. U.; Obua, B. E.; Oguike, S. A.
Twenty-four New Zealand white × Chinchilla weaner bucks, aged between 7 and 8 weeks and averaging 0.9 kg in weight, were divided into four groups of six each and used in a 12-week feeding trial to evaluate the blood biochemistry and haematology of rabbits fed sun-dried, ensiled, and fermented cassava peel-based diets. The test diets designated A, B, C and D were completely randomised. Diet A, the control, was a 16.18 per cent CP (crude protein) weaner ration formulated from maize, maize offals, soya bean meal, blood meal, oyster shell, bone meal, vitamin premix, and common salt. Diets B, C and D were also weaner rations of, respectively, 16.10, 16.20 and 16.08 per cent CP in which 10 per cent maize of the control diet was replaced, respectively, with sun-dried, ensiled and fermented cassava peels. The diets were roughly iso-caloric. The haematological components of the study included packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophil (N), and lymphocytes (L). The biochemical parameters were serum creatinine, urea, bilirubin (total and conjugated), serum glutamic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), eosinophil, and blood sugar. Liver and kidney weights were also monitored. The results showed that PCV, WBC, N and L were affected (P<0.05) by experimental diets. Also affected (P<0.05) were bilirubin, SGPT and SGOT. However, serum creatinine, urea and eosinophil were unaffected (P>0.05) by treatment diets. Liver and kidney weights also did not differ (P>0.05) among rabbits fed different dietary treatments.
Survey of Foetal Wastages: A case Study of Makurdi Abattoir in Benue State from 1997 to 2002
(Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008) Usman, Abdulkadir; Jiya, E. Z.; Akosu, S.
This study was conducted to evaluate the causes and effects of foetal wastage in the Nigeria livestock industry, following indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant cows in Makurdi Abattoir, Benue State. A total of 45, 742 were slaughtered in the abattoir, with a total of 1,508 (3.9%) fetuses recovered from 1997 to 2002. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between fetuses and years.
Performance of starter broilers fed anaerobically fermented and lyle treated Delonix regia seed meal
(Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008) Egena, S.S.A.; Usman, Abdulkadir; Shiawoya, E.L.; Yahaya, S.K.; Ogunlowo, H.O.
One hundred and twenty day-old Hubbard broiler birds were used to study the effects of anaerobic fermentation and lyle treatment of Delonix seed meal on the performance of starter broilers. The experimental period spanned 5 weeks. The birds were divided into four treatment groups of three replicates each using complete randomized design. The anaerobically fermented and lyle treated Delonix seed meal (AFLTDSM) was used to replace groundnut cake (GNC) at 0%, 5% and 7.5% level. Untreated raw Delonix seed meal (URDSM) was also used at 5% level in order to evaluate its effects on starter broiler performance. The four treatments were designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Parameters evaluated were mean body weight, daily body weight gain, mean feed intake, mean feed conversion ratio as well as apparent nutrient digestibility. The results showed that mean body weight, daily body weight gain, mean feed intake and mean feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the substitution of GNC with AFLTDSM in the diets. However, apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE) and Nitrogen free extract (NFE) were significantly affected (p<0.05) by the treatment diets. Crude fibre (CF) digestibility was however not affected (p>0.05) by the inclusion of Delonix seed meal in the diets. It was concluded that AFLTDSM could be used as a substitute for GNC in starter broilers diet without any significant effect on the performance of the birds.
Performance and haematological profile of broiler starter birds fed graded levels of raw Allamanda cathartica (L) seed Meal diet.
(Journal of Agriculture, 2012) Malik, A. A.; , Aremu. A; . Adelowo, A.; Kolo, P. S.; Haruna, B. G.
The response of 120 day-old broiler starter birds to graded dietary inclusion levels of 0.0 %, 2.5 %, 5.0 %, 7.5 % and 10.0 % of raw Allamanda cathartica (L) seed meal (ACSM) to form diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively was investigated. The isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were fed to the birds for 4 weeks, after which a digestibility trial was carried out. Blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analyses at the end of the second week. Feed intake/bird/week and weight gain/bird/week decreased progressively as the dietary inclusion level of ACSM increased (280.52g/209.34g, 160.20g/99.50g, 90.41g/53.18g, 70.10g/38.73g and 41.30g/21.51g for diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively); while feed conversion ratio increased progressively (p<0.05) as the dietaryACSM level increased (1.34, 1.61, 1.70, 1.81 and 1.92 for diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively). No mortality was recorded for the control diet (with 0 % dietary inclusion level of ACSM), while mortality increased progressively asthe dietary ACSM level increased (p<0.05), reaching up to 100 % at 10 % inclusion level. Dietary treatments had no effect on ether extract digestibility but birds on 0 % and 5 % ACSM diet significantly digested crude protein and crude fibre better than the 2.5 % ACSM diet. No significant (p>0.05) effect was observed on all the haematological and biochemical parameters investigated for the five dietary treatments. It is therefore concluded that ACSM contains potent anti-nutritional factors which are extremely toxic to broiler starter birds at whatever dietary inclusion level. So, there is the greatest need to detoxify the raw seed meal before it can be effectively incorporated into broiler starter diets.
Carcass yield, organoleptic and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens fed activated charcoal
(Scienceweb Publishing, 2014-05) Jiya, E. Z; Ayanwale, B. A; Adeoye, A. B.; Kolo, P. S.; Tsado, D. N.; Alabi, O. J.
Two hundred and twenty five (225) unsexed Marshal Broiler chicks were used to investigate the carcass yield, organoleptic and serum biochemistry of broilers fed activated charcoal. The broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments, supplemented with activated charcoal at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Each treatment was grouped in three replicate with 15 birds per replicate. At the end of 8 weeks experimental period, a total of 15 broiler chickens were used for both carcass and blood analysis with three birds per treatment. Data was collected on carcass characteristics, sensory evaluation, and blood serum cholesterol. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the values of dressed weight, eviscerated weight, gizzard, abdominal fat, heart and spleen, while other carcass parameters were not significantly (P > 0.05) different. The result of the sensory evaluation were significant in all the parameters measured, while the serum biochemical analysis showed that SGOT (serum glutamine oxaloacetic transminase, SGPT (serum glutamine phosphates transminase), albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly (P < 0.05) different except alkaline phosphates and SGPT that were not significantly different. However, activated charcoal would serve as a good source of growth promoter for broiler birds to improve feed efficiency and their health. It is therefore concluded that at 0.5% activated charcoal supplementation increased relative organ weights, reduced cholesterol level of the broiler meat as a result or efficient mineral intake and nutrient utilization due to the absorptive effect of the activated charcoal.
Path coefficient analysis of body weight and body measurements in Red Sokoto goats (Caprahircus l.) of Niger State, Nigeria
(Revue Agriculture, 2014-06) Egena, S.S.A; Tsado, D.N.; Kolo, P. S; Banjo, A. A; Shehu-Adisa, M.
Indigenous Red Sokoto goats raised under extensive system of management were used to evaluate the relationship between body weight (BW), head length (HL), head width (HW), height at withers (HAW), chest depth (CD), chest girth (CG), shin circumference (SC) and body length (BL). The objective of the study was to assess variability among body weight and its related characters using path coefficient analysis. Pair wise correlation between body weight and linear body measurements were positive and mostly significant (r= 0.053 - 0.826 in males; -0.020 - 0.667 in females and 0.072 – 0.690 in the combined population; P<0.05, 0.01). Path analysis showed that chest depth, shin circumference and body length made the greatest direct effect on body weight in male, female and the combined population (path coefficient = 0.360, 0.341 and 0.322, respectively) while the least direct effect was observed for height at withers, chest depth and height at withers in the male, female and the combined population (path coefficient = -0.019, -0.104 and -0.001 respectively). The optimum linear regression model with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.684, 0.635 and 0.628 included forecast indices such as chest depth and body length in the male, head length, height at withers, chest depth, chest girth, shin circumference and body length in the female and head length, head width, chest girth, shin circumference and body length in the combined population. The optimum regression equations could be used in predicting body weight of indigenous goats in the field and for selection purposes.
Application of path coefficient analysis in assessing the relationship between growth-related traits in indigenous Nigerian sheep (Ovis aries) of Niger State, Nigeria
(AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015) Egena, S.S.A.; Tsado, D. N.; Kolo, P. S.; Banjo, A. A; Adisa-Shehu-Adisa, M
Indigenous Nigerian sheep raised under extensive management were evaluated with the aim of assessing variability among body weight and body measurement traits thereby deducing components that best describe the relationship using path coefficient analysis. The parameters measured were body weight (BW), body length (BL), head length (HL), head width (HW), height at withers (HAW), chest depth (CD), chest girth (CG) and shin circumference (SC). Pair wise correlation between body weight and body measurements were positive and significant (r = 0.475 – 0.655 in males, 0.262 – 0.449 in females, and 0.336 – 0.509 in the combined population, P<0.01). Path analysis showed that shin circumference and chest depth had the greatest direct effect on body weight in male, female and the combined population (path coefficient = 0.250, 0.252 and 0.250, respectively) while the least direct effect was observed for head width (in male and female with path coefficient = 0.007 and -0.017, respectively), and height at withers in the combined population (path coefficient = -0.020). Percentage direct contribution to body weight was 6.25, 6.35 and 6.25% from shin circumference (male), chest depth (in female and the combined population respectively). The optimum linear regression models with coefficient of determination (R ) value of 0.45, 0.31 and 0.37 included forecast indices such as chest depth and shin circumference in males, body length, head length and chest depth in females and the combined population, respectively.
Application of path coefficient analysis in assessing the relationship between growth-related traits in indigenous Nigerian sheep (Ovis aries) of Niger State, Nigeria
(Agricultural Science and Technology, 2015-06-05) Egena, S. S. A; Tsado, D. N; Kolo, P. S; Banjo, A.A; Shehu-Adisa, M.
Indigenous Nigerian sheep raised under extensive management were evaluated with the aim of assessing variability among body weight and body measurement traits thereby deducing components that best describe the relationship using path coefficient analysis. The parameters measured were body weight (BW), body length (BL), head length (HL), head width (HW), height at withers (HAW), chest depth (CD), chest girth (CG) and shin circumference (SC). Pair wise correlation between body weight and body measurements were positive and significant (r = 0.475 – 0.655 in males, 0.262 – 0.449 in females, and 0.336 – 0.509 in the combined population, P<0.01). Path analysis showed that shin circumference and chest depth had the greatest direct effect on body weight in male, female and the combined population (path coefficient = 0.250, 0.252 and 0.250, respectively) while the least direct effect was observed for head width (in male and female with path coefficient = 0.007 and -0.017, respectively), and height at withers in the combined population (path coefficient = -0.020). Percentage direct contribution to body weight was 6.25, 6.35 and 6.25% from shin circumference (male), chest depth (in female and the combined population 2 respectively). The optimum linear regression models with coefficient of determination (R ) value of 0.45, 0.31 and 0.37 included forecast indices such as chest depth and shin circumference in males, body length, head length and chest depth in females and the combined population, respectively.
Haematological Values of Broilers Managed on Titanium Dioxide Treated Litter
(International Invention Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2015-10) Adamy, Y. A.; Usman, Abdulkadir; Mera, U. M.; Abubakar, M. B.; Bello, A.; Umaru, M. A.
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of TiO2 applied in Og/m", 30g/m, 60g/m and 120g/m concentration, as a litter treatment agent on litter bacteriology, haematology, ammonla emisslon and ammonia lesions on broilers fed standard commercial diet and water ad lib on wood shavings based deep litter system at a depth of 6cm and 16birds/m. Litter samples were collected weekly for ammonia while tissue samples were collected at the seventh week for histology and blood samples were als0 collected via cardiac venipuncture for haematology and blood chemistry. The result showed that RBC and wc were significantly (P<0.05) elevated in Og/mTio, treatment (3.86x10, 2.93x10, 3.01x102 2.34x10 and 27.16x10", 26.41x10', 21.47x10", 21.84x10") respectively. MCH and MCV were significantly (P<0.05) elevated (28.60pg, 34.26pg, 30.96pg, 44.71pg and 87.42f, 103.41fl, 93.62f1, 134.52f1) in the 120g/m Tiolitter treatments. There was a significant (P<0.05) elevation in serum sodium (132.27mEq/, 135.07mEql, 135.33mEql, 138.67mEq/); potassium (4.12mEq/, 4.18mEq/l, 4.03mEq/, 4.47mEq/); globulin (1.23g/dl, 1.85g/dl. 1.35g/dl, 2.47g/dl) and conjugated bilirubin (5.11mgldl, 5.52mg/dl, 5.56mgidi, 6.07mg/di) in 120g/mTio, litter treatment. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in ammonia even though 60g/m°Tio, litter treatment retained more ammonia (29.77, 29.25, 33.16, 30.01). It was concluded that Tio, is beneficial as a litter treatment agent especially at 60g/m rate.
Phenotypic and genetic categorization of qualitative traits in extensively managed local goat (Capra aegagrus) population of Niger State, Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Genetics/Elsevier, 2015-10-09) Kolo, P.S.; Egena, S.S.A.; Tsado, D.N.; Adisa-Shehu, M
A study on the distribution and frequencies of coat colour, wattle, beard, horn, and hair type using 375 extensively managed local goats was carried out in the three administrative zones of Niger state, Nigeria. The animals were scored for coat colour pigmentation pattern, presence or absence of wattle, beard, horn, hair type and extra teat. The study showed that light brown is the predominant colour in zones A (43.24%) and zone C (47.57%). Dark brown colour was predominant in zone B (37.82%) followed by light brown (31.09%). The observed frequencies for wattle (Waw) and extra teat (Ete) were above (p < 0.01) the expected Mendelian value of 75% for a dominant gene in all the zones (90.34, 86.55, 87.39 percent for wattle and 91.73, 96.64, 98.21, percent for extra teat in zones A, B, and C, respectively). The gene frequency for beard (Brb) were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the expected Mendelian value of 75% for a dominant gene in zone A (66.20%) and zone B (55.46%), but was higher in zone C (83.78%). The gene frequency for polledness (Pop) was 0.00% for all the zones. The gene frequency for soft hair.was more than (p < 0.01) the expected Mendelian value of 75% for dominant genes in zone C (87.33%) but fell short in zone A (60.69%) andzone B (43.70%), respectively. It was concluded that coat colour variation exist in local goats reared extensively in Niger state
Phenotypic and genetic categorization of qualitative traits in extensively managed local goat (Capra aegagrus) population of Niger State, Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Genetic/ Elsevier, 2015-10-09) Kolo, P.S.; Egena, S.S.A.; Tsado, D.N.; Adisa-Shehu, M
A study on the distribution and frequencies of coat colour, wattle, beard, horn, and hair type using 375 extensively managed local goats was carried out in the three administrative zones of Niger state, Nigeria. The animals were scored for coat colour pigmentation pattern, presence or absence of wattle, beard, horn, hair type and extra teat. The study showed that light brown is the predominant colour in zones A (43.24%) and zone C (47.57%). Dark brown colour was predominant in zone B (37.82%) followed by light brown (31.09%). The observed frequencies for wattle (Waw) and extra teat (Ete) were above (p < 0.01) the expected Mendelian value of 75% for a dominant gene in all the zones (90.34, 86.55, 87.39 percent for wattle and 91.73, 96.64, 98.21, percent for extra teat in zones A, B, and C, respectively). The gene frequency for beard (Brb) were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the expected Mendelian value of 75% for a dominant gene in zone A (66.20%) and zone B (55.46%), but was higher in zone C (83.78%). The gene frequency for polledness (Pop) was 0.00% for all the zones. The gene frequency for soft hair was more than (p < 0.01) the expected Mendelian value of 75% for dominant genes in zone C (87.33%) but fell short in zone A (60.69%) and zone B (43.70%), respectively. It was concluded that coat colour variation exist in local goats reared extensively in Niger state
Phenotypic and genetic categorization of qualitative traits in extensively managed local goat (Capra aegagrus) population of Niger State, Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Genetics/Elsevier, 2015-10-09) Kolo, P. S; Egena, S.S.A.; Tsado, D.N.; Adisa-Shehu, M
A study on the distribution and frequencies of coat colour, wattle, beard, horn, and hair type using 375 extensively managed local goats was carried out in the three administrative zones of Niger state, Nigeria. The animals were scored for coat colour pigmentation pattern, presence or absence of wattle, beard, horn, hair type and extra teat. The study showed that light brown is the predominant colour in zones A (43.24%) and zone C (47.57%). Dark brown colour was predominant in zone B (37.82%) followed by light brown (31.09%). The observed frequencies for wattle (Waw) and extra teat (Ete) were above (p < 0.01) the expected Mendelian value of 75% for a dominant gene in all the zones (90.34, 86.55, 87.39 percent for wattle and 91.73, 96.64, 98.21, percent for extra teat in zones A, B, and C, respectively). The gene frequency for beard (Brb) were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the expected Mendelian value of 75% for a dominant gene in zone A (66.20%) and zone B (55.46%), but was higher in zone C (83.78%). The gene frequency for polledness (Pop) was 0.00% for all the zones. The gene frequency for soft hair. was more than (p < 0.01) the expected Mendelian value of 75% for dominant genes in zone C (87.33%) but fell short in zone A (60.69%) and zone B (43.70%), respectively. It was concluded that coat colour variation exist in local goats reared extensively in Niger state.
Phenotypic and genetic categorization of qualitative traits in extensively managed local goat (Capra aegagrus) population of Niger State, Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Genetics, 2015-10-09) Kolo, P. S.; Egena, S.S.A.; Tsado, D.N.; Adisa-Shehu, M.
A study on the distribution and frequencies of coat colour, wattle, beard, horn, and hair type using 375 extensively managed local goats wascarried out in the three administrative zones of Niger state, Nigeria. The animals were scored for coat colour pigmentation pattern, presence orabsence of wattle, beard, horn, hair type and extra teat. The study showed that light brown is the predominant colour in zones A (43.24%) and zone C (47.57%). Dark brown colour was predominant in zone B (37.82%) followed by light brown (31.09%). The observed frequencies for wattle (Waw) and extra teat (Ete) were above (p < 0.01) the expected Mendelian value of 75% for a dominant gene in all the zones (90.34, 86.55, 87.39 percent for wattle and 91.73, 96.64, 98.21, percent for extra teat in zones A, B, and C, respectively). The gene frequency for beard (Brb) were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the expected Mendelian value of 75% for a dominant gene in zone A (66.20%) and zone B (55.46%), butwas higher in zone C (83.78%). The gene frequency for polledness (Pop) was 0.00% for all the zones. The gene frequency for soft hair.was more than (p < 0.01) the expected Mendelian value of 75% for dominant genes in zone C (87.33%) but fell short in zone A (60.69%) and zone B (43.70%), respectively. It was concluded that coat colour variation exist in local goats reared extensively in Niger state.
Effect of sex, wattle, beard, hair type, and extra teat on growth-related traits of extensively managed goat (Capra aegagrus) population of Niger State, Nigeria.
(Equity Journal of Science and Technology, 2016) Kolo, P. S.; Egena, S. S. A.; Tsado, D. N.; Adisa-Shehu, M
Astudy that evaluated the effect of sex, wattle, beard, hair type and extra teat on growth traits of goats extensively managed in the three Senatorial zones ( i.e zones A, B and C) of Niger state was carried out. The growth traits evaluated include body weight, body length, height-at-withers, chest depth, chest girth, head length, head width, rump length, rump width, shin circumference, fore leg length and hind leg length.Male goats had better (p<0.05) measurement in all parameters considered in zone B of the state while the females were better (p<0.05) in all parameters measured in zones A and C except for shin circumference in which the males were better in zone A. Goats without wattle showed superiority (p<0.05) in most of the parameters measured in zone C. This was not so for goats in zones A and B as there was no clear demarcation between goats with or without wattle. Goats with beard were superior (p<0.05) in most of the parameters measured in zones B and C. Coarse hair type had significant (p<0.05) effect on body weight and all the other body measurements except for height-at-withers which was not significantly (p>0.05)affected. Soft hair had significant (p<0.05) effect on body weight, and all the body measurements except for hind leg length which showed no significant (p>0.05) difference. Extra teat had no significant (p>0.05) effect on body weight, body length height-at-withers, chest depth, chest girth, head length, rump width, shin circumference and hind leg length but significantly (p<0.05) influenced head width, rump length and fore leg length. Absence of extra teat had significant (p<0.05) effect on all the parameters measured except for head length which showed no significant (p>0.05) difference. At the end of the study, it was observed that sex and major genes had significant effect on most of the parameters measured. It is recommended based on the result emanating from the study that farmers be encouraged to rear goats with beard, those without extra teat and wattle since they were better in most of the parameters measured.
Mathematical Modeling of an Intelligent Poultry Feed Dispensing System
(Journal of Digital Innovations & Contemp Res. In Sc., Eng & Tech, Creative Research Publishers for the International Center for IT and Developments, 2017-06-13) Ameh, C.A.,; Olaniyi, O.M; Dogo, E.M.,; Usman, Abdulkadir; Aliyu, S.,; Alkali, B
Abstract Abstract The mathematical modeling of control systems and other industrial applications has helped to shape the design and performance of different systems. One of the problems faced by existing designs of poultry feed dispensing system in the tropics is feed wastage often resulting in high cost of production. Several measures that can be used to evaluate the performance of poultry flock especially broilers are growth rate, days to market, mortality, and feed efficiency. Feed is typically the most costly expense in broiler production. As a result, feed efficiency is typically the primary tool by which a flock is evaluated. This research mathematically model an intelligent poultry feed dispensing system that will dispense both solid and liquid feed which will reduce the unusual level of human involvement, feed wastage, contamination and high cost of production. The mathematical model encompasses the speed control of a DC motor which will regulate the to and fro motion of the conveyor brushes and control the flow of the solid feed. The control of the digital valves regulates the flow rate of the liquid feed in and out of the dispensing system. The mathematical model was simulated in MATLAB r2015b environment. The simulated results showed that the system under state-space is controllable and observable when the Kalman matrix test was carried out. At the end, a dynamic model for optimized balance among better yield, returns on investment and cost of operation in dispensing poultry feed was developed.
Influence of wattle on body measurements, scrotal and semen of red Sokoto bucks kept semi-intensively in Niger state, Nigeria.
(Lapai Journal of Science and Technology, 2019) Kolo, P. S.; Alemede, I. C.; Egena, S. S. A; Adama, J. Y.
Self
Genetic diversity of Nigerian Indigenous Sheep breeds at the βLactoglobulin gene locus .
(Genetics and Biodiversity Journal, 2020-06-10) Abubakar, G. R.; Ezewudo, E. A.; Egena, S. S. A.; Usman, Abdulkadir
The study assessed genetic diversity of four Nigerian sheep populations namely; Balami, Yankasa, Ouda and West African Dwarf (WAD) making use of blood sample. Extracted DNAs were used to study polymorphism at the β-lactoglobulin gene locus using RLFP-PCR process. Results revealed the percentage polymorphic locus was 100% while Shannon’s information index, observed homozygosity, expected heterozygosity, unbiased expected heterozygosity and fixation index were 0.656, 0.516, 0.464, 0.477 and -0.075, respectively. The gene flow (Nm) for all the population was estimated to be 7.65. The pairwise Fst was low and within the range of 0.0004(between Balami and WAD) to 0.0520 (between Balami and Yankasa). Variation within and between the populations of sheep shows that a large proportion of the observed variance (98% at p < 0.01) occurred within the breeds while only 2 % of the variance (p < 0.01) was contributed due to differences among the breeds. The nearest genetic distance was between the Balami and WAD (0.001) and between Ouda and the WAD (0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed three clusters. The present study showed that effort should be made to prevent the wearing away of the genetic make-up of the sheep populations considering the negative fixation index.
A study on haematology and serum biochemistry of wattle and non wattled red sokoto does and their offspring
(Nigerian Journal of Animal Production., 2021) Kolo, P. S.; Otu, B. O.; Banjo, A. A.; Kolo, H. N.
A study on haematology and serum biochemistry of wattled and non wattled Red Sokoto does and their offspring *Kolo, P. S., Otu, B., Banjo, A. A., and Kolo, H. N. Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Corresponding author: kolo.philip@futminna.edu.ng; +2347035071871 Wattle is of utmost ornamental importance for courting potential mates and influencing thermoregulatory mechanisms which help the animal adapt to the environment. It also provides information on relationship between haematological and serum biochemical parameters. A study on haematology and serum biochemistry of wattled and non wattled Red Sokoto does and their offspring was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna. Fifty (52) Red Sokoto goats comprising of thirty-two (32) does four (4) bucks and sixteen (16) weaned kids managed semi-intensively were used for the study Blood samples were collected using 5 ml syringe and 22-guage needle from the jugular vein. 5 ml of blood was collected from each goat used out of which 2.5 ml was dispensed into Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) bottle while the remaining 2.5 ml was dispensed into plain (anticoagulant free) bottles and labelled properly according to the treatment group. Data collected were analyzed using SAS statistical package. It was observed: that wattle had significant effect (p<0.05) on Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphorus, Cholesterol, Total Protein, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Total Bilirubin of Red Sokoto Does but had no significant influence on the haematology and serum biochemistry of wean Red Sokoto kids. Does in T had the highest MCH values of 63.50 mmo/l while treatments T1 3 , T2 and T4 had values of 23.00 mmo/l, 33.00mmo/l and 34.00mmo/l respectively. Also Does in T2, T3 and T4 recorded higher calcium levels of 2.54mmo/l, 2.56mmol/l and 2.61mmo/l) respectively compared to values of 2.29mmo/l recorded in T1. These relevant influence of wattle therefore should suggest the deployment of deliberate effort to preserve the wattle gene to prevent the goats carrying the gene from going to extinction.
Growth Performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed diets containing varying inclusion levels of dried watermelon rind at the starter phase.
(Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 2021) Otu, B. O.; Banjo, A. A.; Kolo, P. S.; Balogun, A. M.; Dabban, A. I.
Watermelon rind is one of the several unwanted by-products generated by restaurants, fruit juice producers and food industries in Nigeria that can be gotten rid of by using it as an energy source in broiler production. The growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of broilers fed diets containing varying inclusion levels of dried watermelon rind (DWMR) in replacement for wheat offal as source of energy and fibre at starter phase was evaluated. The dried watermelon rind was prepared by sun-drying fresh watermelon for three days and oven-dried at 50 ºC for 2 hours. The birds were randomly allocated to five (5) treatments (T – T ), each treatment had three replicates with ten (10) birds per replicate. The 1 5birds were fed varied levels of DWMR at 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % in replacement of wheat offal to obtain five diets. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum throughout the 28 days study duration. Body weight, Body weight gain, Feed intake, Feed conversion ratio and apparent nutrient digestibility were measured. The results obtained on the growth performance shows no significant (P>0.05) difference of the growth parameters across treatments. However, there was significant (P<0.05) difference in the digestibility of Crude fibre, Ether extract, Ash, Nitrogen free extract and Total digestible nutrient across treatments. There was no obvious variation in dry matter and crude protein digestibility. The result of the total digestible nutrient was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T (92.90 %) than 2 the T (84.99 %) which was the control diet. The crude fibre digestibility recorded in T (63.48 1 2%) and T (61.09 %) is higher than T (43.00 %), the ether extract digestibility of T (96.42 %) 1 5 1is higher than the other groups with the lowest in T (95.25 %). There was depress ash 4 digestibility in T (68.30 %), lower than the other groups with the highest in T (82.59 %). The 5 1study therefore concluded that farmers can replace wheat offal with 25 % watermelon rind in broiler starter diet without any deleterious effect in the growth performance and nutrient digestibility.