Mechanical Engineering
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Mechanical Engineering
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Item Development of Aluminium Alloy (AA6061) Composites for Automobile Exhaust Pipe(Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Research, 2025) Ishola, A.A.; Abolarin, M.S.; Jiya, J,Y.; Obanimomo, K.T.This research addresses the limitations of aluminium alloy AA6061 in withstanding the harsh conditions of automotive exhaust systems. The study aims to develop a composite material with enhanced mechanical strength and corrosion resistance by reinforcing AA6061 with kaoline ore and masquerade leaves. Using the stir casting method, the alloy was combined with the reinforcements and cast into molds. The results revealed that the developed composites showed improved properties compared to the base alloy. Hardness increased from 95.4 HBW to 102.7 HBW, tensile strength rose to 270 N/mm², and yield strength to 240 N/mm². Corrosion resistance was significantly enhanced, with potential ranging from -300 mV to -550 mV, compared to -90 mV to -250 mV for the unreinforced alloy. Microstructural analyses confirmed uniform reinforcement distribution. The study recommends further optimization of reinforcement ratios and casting parameters to maximize performance for automotiveItem THERMAL, TRANSPARENCY AND WATER SENSITIVITY PROPERTIES OF BLEACHED, CROSS-LINKED CASSAVA STARCH FILM(ACS Nigeria International Chemical Sciences Chapter, 2021) J. Y. Jiya; J. S. Enaburekhan, M. T. Jimoh, E. C. Egwim, I. A. JosephThis work investigated a novel study of the effect of bleaching and cross-linking cassava starch film. Native cassava starch was bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), cross-linking was carried out with oxidized sucrose while glycerol was added to enhance the plasticity of the film. Operating temperature and time of 90 oC and 10 Minutes respectively with and addition of 0.5 ml of glycerol gave the best bleached, cross-linked cassava starch film. UV-visible spectrophotometer analysis revealed that the cassava starch film produced at the above reaction conditions retained 88.2 % of its transparency at 96 hours water immersion. The water solubility test shows that the film experienced 52.02 % weight loss after 96 hours immersion in water. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows a significant improvement on the thermal stability with Temperature peak (Tp) of 420.75 oC, compared to 374.13 oC Tp of the control sample (unbleached, uncross-linked) of the cassava starch film.Item Production of Biogas from Chicken and Goat Wastes(Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 2019) N. W. Okafor, O. Adedipe, F. J. Usman, J. Y. Jiya, and R. O. Mamman.One of the problems facing the world today is waste management, particularly those generated from animals. Examples of such wastes include goat waste and chicken droppings. This paper presents the performance evaluation of five 32 litre capacity biogas digesters that were used to investigate the anaerobic digestion of chicken and goat wastes. Biogas was produced from chicken and goat wastes with different mixing ratios: 100:0 (Sample I), 30:70 (Sample II), 70:30 (Sample III), 50:50 (Sample IV) and 0:100 (Sample V) from digesters 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The digesters were charged differently with these wastes and the mesophilic ambient temperature range attained during the experiment were 26-38 oC and a slurry temperature of 25-32 oC. The result showed that the samples were capable of producing a total of 17.3, 44.3, 74.3, 86.2 and 113.2 litres of biogas respectively, using the 32 litre capacity digesters for 30 days. The result obtained from the gas production showed that sample IV produced the highest methane content of 63.3% followed by sample III with 59.4% and sample II with 59.2%. Sample I produced a methane content of 59.1% while sample V had the least methane content of 57.3%.Item Effects of Generating Plant Noise on Humans and Environment(International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2016-05-26) Babawuya, .A.; Bori Ige; Bako, .M. D.; Yusuf, .S. A.; Jibrin, .A.; Elkanah, .A. J.; Mohammed, .A.Noise measurements were taken in the morning, afternoon, evening, and night to determine the extent of noise pollution all over the city. A calibrated sound level meter was used to measure the generating plant noise. The equivalent sound levels (Leq) were measured at 20 different locations, between 8 a.m and 10 p.m. High noise levels were observed throughout the town. The data obtained was analysed and the results then compared with world health organization standard. The noise equivalent level varied between 99.4 and 83.2 dBA. The results of the study established the fact that generator noise levels are more than the acceptable limit of 60 dBA, thatis the daytime government prescribed noise limit for residential and commercial areas. The reaction of the residents to generating plant noise was monitored with a total of 300 questionnaires. The results of the interview questionnaire revealed 97% of the people classified the noise in their street as very high while 3% says it is low. And also the respondents answered that noise bother them more in day and night while 11% of the respondents say it is only in the night only. The main outcomes of exposure to generating plant noise were loss of sleep, hearing loss, annoyance and disturbance.Item A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DEGRADATION ON INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), FUT Minna, 2016-03-15) Nasir, .A.; Usman, .S. A.; Mohammed, .A.; Muhammed, .S. N.; Bori IgeComponent degradation is a very common problem associated with operating industrial gas turbines. The major components so affected by this phenomenon are compressor, combustor and turbine blades. This paper studied the effect of degradation on gas turbine performance. The study involved the analyses of operating parameters effects for Siemens gas turbine engines model SGT5 – 2000E coded GT11 and GT21 in the power stations at Geregu power stations. The parameters considered were ambient temperature, exhaust temperature, combustion chamber pressure and turbine entry temperature, GT11 is degraded while GT21 is newly installed engine both in the same location at Geregu I and II power stations in Ajaokuta, Kogi State in the North central part of Nigeria.Simulations were carried out using Gas turb 11 simulation software, results of engine performance parameters were compared and it was revealed that due to component degradation, the turbine entry temperature (TET) increased to 1049.67oC, the fuel flow increased by 8.49% and power fell by 7.14%. Consequently, the cost of power loss is one hundred and eighty-seven million, one hundred and eleven thousand, seven hundred and fifty-three naira ninety-two kobo (₦187,111,753.92k) over a period of one year for the degraded gas turbine.Item ENERGY UTILIZATION, CONSERVATION AND AUDITING IN NIGERIA CEMENT INDUSTRY(Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), FUT Minna, 2016-03-15) Nasir, .A.; Bori Ige; Enitilo, .T.; Azeez, .O. S.; Muhammed, .A.Manufacturing of cement is identified as one of the most energy intensive industries in the world. Therefore, there is a need for its effective and efficient utilization and hence conservation. In order to produce clinker, rotary kilns are widely used in cement plants. This study takes a look at the energy source, utilization and conservation in a Cement Company in Nigeria. The company’s energy source was determined, utilization pattern investigated and possible areas of energy conservation considered. The rotary kiln of this plant where the large form of energy is consumed has a capacity of 6000 tonnes per day. It was found that about 20% of the total input energy was being lost through hot flue gas (5.09%), cooler stack (12.4%) and kiln shell (2.61% convection and radiation). To recover some of this heat energy loses, a feasible energy management method was introduced and discussed. Findings showed that approximately 4MW of electrical power could be recovered through conservation and proper energy management.Item Case Hardening of Mild Steel Using Animal Bone, Charcoal and Sea Shells as Carburizers(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), FUT Minna, 2016-08-24) Muriana, .R. A.; Bori Ige; Abubakre, .O. K.; Abu, .J. O.; Sani, .C. E.Samples of Mild steel were treated in carburizing media which included animal bone, wood charcoal and sea shells at varied temperatures. Micro structural analyses, chemical composition tests, and mechanical properties tests were carried out on the carburized samples. Results indicated that the treated samples could be used in local production of some engineering components such as gears in place of imported components where hardness is considered together with toughness. The case hardening of the mild steel with charcoal granules gave the highest carburization of 0.905% on the surface with the highest hardness value of 69.3 HRA.Item Pedestrian-level Air Flow and Ventilation around Adjacent Buildings in Step-up Configuration(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), FUT Minna, 2017-08-24) Ayo, .S. A.; Mohd-Ghazali, .N.; Bori IgeThe outdoor air ventilation impact of a taller building at a downwind location in a layout of two adjacent buildings in different step-up configurations is presented in this paper. The criteria for ventilation assessment adopted are dimensionless parameters called velocity ratio (VR) and air ventilation rate (AER), and the parameters examined are the separation distance (WV) between the buildings and the ratio of height of downwind building to that of upwind building, herein referred to as building height ratio (HR). A three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation employing the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation and Realizable k-ε turbulence model was used to study the turbulent flow field around various full-scale size configurations of the adjacent buildings. Results show that while VR generally increases with height ratio, it increases with separation distance until a certain maximum distance which depends on the height ratio. AER on the other hand generally increases with height ratio, but decreases with separation distance. The results indicate that greater air motion is induced at the pedestrian level as the height of the downwind building increases, and greater rate of air flow is exchanged between the buildings cavity and the surroundings. Based on the VR results obtained for the building configurations examined, a separation distance of between 18 m and 30 m is proposed for configurations 2.0 ≤HR≤ 3.0, and between 18 m and 24 m for configurations HR = 1.0 and 1.5, to maximally invigorate the pedestrian-level air flow.Item Enhancing the Cavitation Erosion Resistance of 304 Stainless Steel by Laser Surface Alloying with Molybdenum(Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), FUT Minna, 2017-08-24) Bori Ige; Muriana, .R. A.; Man, .H. C.; Okegbile, .O. J.; Ayo, .S. A.; Babawuya, .A.Type 304 stainless steel is the most versatile and widely used austenitic stainless steel, it accounts for more than 50% of all stainless steel produced. It is commonly used in liquidhandling equipment, house hold utensils and lot of applications in almost every industry. However, poor surface properties in terms of wear resistance, due to its low hardness made it susceptible to cavitation erosion, which is a usual mode of degradation of engineering parts in contact with fast-flowing or vibrating liquids. This work is an attempt to improve the cavitation erosion resistance of 304 stainless steel by laser surface alloying with Molybdenum (Mo). This was made possible by using a 2kW continuous wave Nd-YAG laser. The alloying powder was placed in advance on the surface of the substrate by pasting to a thickness of 0.1mm, followed by laser beam scanning at an optimal speed of 20 mm/s and 30 mm/s (each at a beam diameter of 3mm) and a laser power of 1.2kW, in order to achieve surface alloying and modified surfaces were obtained by 50% overlapping of adjacent tracks. The microstructure and composition of modified layer were also studied for more insights. Ultrasonic induced vibrator tester was used to carry out cavitation erosion test. Cavitation erosion resistance (Re) was observed to have increased with the Mo content in the alloyed layer, the Re of the specimens modified with Mo was improved by a factor of 1.4 (for v = 20 mm/s) and 1.5 (for v = 30 mm/s), when compared with that of the as-received 304 stainless steel substrates.Item DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SMALL SOLAR POWERED AIR BLOWER FOR CHARCOAL FIRED FURNACE(JOURNAL OF THE NIGERIAN INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 2019-09-30) Muhammad, .A. B.; Nasir, .A.; Ayo, .S. A.; Bori IgeIn Nigeria almost all the local foundry shops rely on the manually operated blowers for supplying air for the combustion of the charcoals to melt metals. This manually operated blower has showed that much man-hour is required during firing as one laborer is dedicated to driving the rotary blower. This is labourous and reduces the rate of productivity of the enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to find easier ways of supplying the energy required for the combustion so as to increase productivity. A solar powered blower is designed and constructed in this work. The performances of manually operated and solar powered air blowers are compared. Performance results of the manually operated air blower showed that it takes about 67 minutes and 42 minutes to melt 4kg of aluminum and zinc respectively. On the other hand, for the solar-powered air blower, it takes about 30 minutes and 17 minutes to melt 4kg of aluminum and zinc respectively. This indicates that the solar-powered air blower takes a shorter time to melt metals when compared with the manually operated air blower. In addition, the solar powered air blower eliminates the laborious aspect of supplying energy for melting metals and also reduces the times spent in metal melting process.