Physics
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://197.211.34.35:4000/handle/123456789/196
Physics
Browse
32 results
Search Results
Item Modern Optics Waves for Universities and Polytechnics(Sofiata publishers, 2022) Ikeri, H.I; Eze, C. N.; Nicholas, N. TItem Doped Metal Oxide Thin Films for Enhanced Solar Energy Applications(Springer, 2021) Eze, C. N.; Obodoa, R. M; Ezugwu, S. C; Ezemaa, F .I.Solar energy is energy from the sun and its provision is in abundance without payments. It is renewable and more promising than its counterpart energy source called fossil fuels. Fossil fuels have energy crises ranging from inadequacy to depletion, pollution etc. This solar energy could be technically collected, utilized but there could still be an improved method of collecting the solar energy for more advanced utilization called solar energy. Achieving this by the process of doping metal oxide thin films with impurities like carbon derivatives, organic synthetic dyes etc. will harnesses dopant characteristics for optimal performance. The doped materials help in controlling the composition and structure of dopants, which enhance their performance. The metal oxide semiconductor thin films are synthesized via varieties of processes on working active layer materials with stable interfaces for solar energy conversion and versatile applications in several areas valuable for humankind.Item ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA(The Nigerian Journal of Research and Production, 2011-04) Eze, C. N.Abstract Energy is the biggest challenge of the twenty-first century. We must lift much of the world out of poverty, which will require large increases in energy production while simultaneously curbing greenhouse gas emissions. In order to accomplish this, we must adopt solutions that are based on efficiency, renewable, nuclear energy production and safety, and if it can be demonstrated, carbon sequestration and then adopt the idea which said that “an energy future without a significant contribution from nuclear energy simply isn't an option”. Since renewables are by their very nature intermittent, they cannot have a huge impact unless--and until--we develop adequate energy storage technologies and drastically improve our fragile electricity distribution network. In a developing country like Nigeria where energy demand is far more than the supply due to insufficient power generation, incessant outage of power as a result of failure of power generation plants, due to technical faults and ageing, the use of nuclear power plant provides answers to the problems of electricity generation. Since energy is important for socio-economic development considering safety, economy, reliability, sustainability and even waste management, nuclear energy as an alternative source of energy should be used. The nuclear power option once again is appealing to some opinion leaders in the world. As an alternative to fossil fuels and looming energy crisis, we can find a solution to the problem of climate change, environmental degradation, and fossil fuel dependency, while guaranteeing equitable, sustainable development. Many problems stand in the way of this so called renaissance, not least the mammoth costs involved and the fact that no safe system has yet been devised for the long-term storage of nuclear wastes. Furthermore despite many improvements in the safety of nuclear power plants, worries persist about the risk of nuclear accidents such as those that occurred at Three Mile Island in USA in 1979 and Chernobyl in Ukraine in 1986. However, this alternative source of energy will pose a political problem in that nuclear power plant could be used for both military and economic purposes. It is observed that all attempts, so far, to produce enough electricity power for its citizens have hit the rocks in this country, Nigeria, due to various reasons including inefficiency and corruption. The purpose of this paper is to urge Nigeria (and other countries like it) not to give up its efforts to generate sufficient electric power by the usual traditional methods (coal, solar, wind, etc) but to continue to try until success has been achieved in the short term and to vigorously endeavour to go nuclear in the long term since nuclear generation of electricity is the ultimate in power supply. The paper also shows how the nuclear program has been achieved in some other countries and how Nigeria can follow suit in the development of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.Item A Study of Chemically Deposited Barium Titanate (Batio3) Thin Films Doped with Natural Dyes and Their Photovoltaic Applications.(International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, 2023-12) Eze, C. N.; A.I. Onyia; M.N. NnabuchiAbstract - Ternary thin films of BaTiO3 nanostructures were synthesized at 90 0C via the Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) route under room temperature. They were doped with three natural (local/organic) dyes extracted from Lawsonia inermis leaves, Beta vulgaries roots, and Jatropha curcas leaves and thereafter annealed at 400 0C. doped and as-deposited nanostructures were studied employing XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV VIS, and EDXRF. Our X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed a polycrystalline structure. The SEM studies exhibited porous structures advantageous for dye loading. The EDXRF shows the compositional elements. The FTIR reveals the carboxylate and photo physical properties of the dyes. The UV-VIS investigation presented band gap energies Eg of the doped as ad (BR) = 2.60 eV; bd (OO) = 1.61 eV; ccd (LL) = 1.90 eV against the as-deposited AD (g1) = 3.10 eV showing that the dyes reduced the Eg of the thin films occurring from an increased absorption coefficient α. The Nano porous, as-deposited thin films adsorb the extracted dyes on the surface and the interaction between the Nano porous films and the natural dyes used to dope BaTiO3 was studied using UV-VIS spectrophotometer with the aim of investigating their photovoltaic applicationsItem SCAPS-1D ANALYSIS OF NON-TOXIC LEAD-FREE MASnI 3 PEROVSKITE-BASED SOLAR CELL USING INORGANIC CHARGE TRANSPORT LAYERS(EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. 3. 447-455 (2024), 2024-08-19) YUSUF Abubakar Sadiq; Matthew I. Amanyi; Eghwubare Akpoguma; Stephen O. Eghaghe; James Eneye; Raymond M. Agaku; Lilian C. Echebiri; Emmanuel U. Echebiri; Emmanuel O. Ameh; Chinyere I. Eririogu; Nicholas N. Tasie; Anthony C. Ozurumba; Eli DanladiPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained a lot of attention due to their high efficiency and low cost. In this research paper, a methylammonium tin iodide (CH3NH3SnI 3) based solar cell was simulated using a one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulation (SCAPS-1D) tool. The SCAPS-1D tool is based on Poisson and the semiconductor equations. After thorough investigation, the initial device presents the following parameters; power conversion efficiency (PCE)=15.315%, fill factor (FF)=64.580%, current density (Jsc)=29.152 mA/cm 2, and open circuit voltage (Voc)=0.813 V. The effect of absorber and ETL thicknesses were explored systematically. The performance of the simulated device was significantly influenced by the thickness of the absorber and ETL. The optimized absorber thickness was 0.5 μm and the ETL thickness was 0.02 μm, giving rise to an optimized PCE of 15.411%, FF of 63.525%, Jsc of 29.812 mA/cm2, and Voc of 0.814 V. Additionally, the effect of temperature on the optimized device was evaluated and found that it affects the performance of the device. This model shows the prospect of CH3NH3SnI 3 as a perovskite material to produce toxic-free environment-friendly solar cells with high efficiency.Item SCAPS-1D simulated organometallic halide perovskites: A comparison of performance under Sub-Saharan temperature condition(Heliyon 10 (2024) e29599, 2024-04-13) YUSUF Abubakar Sadiq; Anthony C. Ozurumba; Nnamdi V. Ogueke; Chinyere A. Madu; Philibus M. Gyuk; Ismail HossainHeliyon 10 (2024) e29599 Available online 15 April 2024 2405-8440/© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).Research article SCAPS-1D simulated organometallic halide perovskites: A comparison of performance under Sub-Saharan temperature condition Anthony C. Ozurumba a,*, Nnamdi V. Ogueke b, Chinyere A. Madu c, Eli Danladi d, Chisom P. Mbachu e, Abubakar S. Yusuf f, Philibus M. Gyuk g, Ismail Hossain h a Africa Center of Excellence in Future Energies and Electrochemical Systems, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria c Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria d Department of Physics, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria e Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria f Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria g Department of Physics, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria h School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620000, Russia A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: OHP SCAPS-1D Perovskites Temperature Graphene Sub-sahara A B S T R A C T Photovoltaic technology has been widely recognized as a means to advance green energy solu- tions in the sub-Saharan region. In the real-time operation of solar modules, temperature plays a crucial role, making it necessary to evaluate the thermal impact on the performance of the solar devices, especially in high-insolation environments. Hence, this paper investigates the effect of operating temperature on the performance of two types of organometallic halide perovskites (OHP) - formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). The solar cells were evaluated under a typical Nigerian climate in two different cities before and after graphene passivation. Using a one-dimensional solar capacitance simulation software (SCAPS-1D) program, the simulation results show that graphene passivation improved the conversion effi- ciency of the solar cells by 0.51 % (FASnI3 device) and 3.11 % (MAPbI3 device). The presence of graphene played a vital role in resisting charge recombination and metal diffusion, which are responsible for the losses in OHP. Thermal analysis revealed that the MAPbI3 device exhibited an increased fill factor (FF) in the temperature range of 20–64 ◦C, increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE). This ensured that the MAPbI3 solar cell performed better in the city and the season with harsher thermal conditions (Kaduna, dry season). Thus, MAPbI3 solar cells can thrive excellently in environments where the operating temperature is below 65 ◦C. Overall, this study shows that the application of OHP devices in sub-Saharan climatic conditions is empirically possible with the right material modificationItem Factors Influencing Patient Dose in Diagnostic Radiography.(SET, 2008) OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Igwe, KItem A comparative study of the radiation dose response of (ZnO)x(TeO2)1-x thin films for high energy X-ray application(ELSEVIER, 2025) M.M. Idris; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Kolo, M. T.,; S.O. Ibrahim; U. Rilwanc; M.I. SayyeddThe current research work determines the X-ray radiation effects on the current–voltage (I-V) characteristics of zinc oxide-doped tellurium dioxide thin film as a dosimetric material for X-ray detection and measurement. Five thin-film samples of (ZnO)x(TeO2)1-x (where x =0.0 wt% (D1), 0.2 wt% (D2), 0.4 wt% (D3), 0.6 wt% (D4), and 1.0 wt% (D5)) were prepared with an aqueous solution of zinc acetate dehydrate and tellurium dioxide precursor on a soda-lime glass substrate using the spray pyrolysis technique. XRD study revealed a polycrystalline structure of the films and showed diffraction peaks belonging to paratellurite TeO2 and wurtzite ZnO in all film samples. A peak shift was observed, indicating the presence of ZnO in the TeO2 crystal lattice. FESEM imagery revealed roughness and the film grain size, which decreased when the concentration of ZnO increased. The optical assessment showed superior transparent behavior in the spectrum of visible light and a minor fall in the optical band-gap value when the concentration of ZnO increased. The I-V characteristic obtained for all the thin-film samples showed a linear increase of current as a function of the applied voltages and X-ray doses ranging from 0.0 to 6.0 V and 50–250 cGy, respectively. The I-V characteristic response of the thin-film samples studied were in the order of D3 >D1 >D2 >D4 >D5. The thin films’ dosimetric sensitivity (minimum measurable dose) values were in the range of 0.610–2.180 mAcm2Gy 1 (0.4590–1.6390 mGy) for D1, 0.370–0.940 mAcm2Gy 1 (1.0640–2.7030 mGy) for D2, 0.610–2.280 mAcm2Gy 1 (0.4390–1.6390 mGy) for D3, 0.00200–0.005280 mAcm2Gy 1 (189.3940–357.1430 mGy) for D4, and 0.00040–0.00150 mAcm2Gy 1 (250.0000–666.6670 mGy) for D1. The R2 value (linearity error) of the I-V plots were in the range of 0.879–0.951 (0.0025–0.0057) for D1, 0.966–0.998 (0.0006–0.0025) for D2, 0.869–0.913 (0.0035–0.0065) for D3, 0.860–0.952 (0.000009–0.00005) for D4, and 0.922–0.978 (0.000002–0.000004) for D5. The ZnO-TeO2 thin-film sensor is therefore a candidate material that can be used for miniaturized radiation measuring devices that can be accommodated in smart devices such as smart watches and smart phonesItem Evaluation of the structural and radiation transmission parameters of recycled borosilicate waste glass system: An effective material for nuclear shielding.(2025) Al-Buriahi, M. S.,; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; Yılmaz, E., Çalıskan, F., & Sriwunkum, C.In the present study, the influence of B2O3 on the mechanical, physical, and radiation-response characteristics of waste borosilicate glass (BSG) is investigated. Four batches of the glass composite containing 0, 40, 50, and 60 wt % of B2O3 each were prepared and labelled as BB0, BB40, BB50, and BB60, respectively, using the popular melt- quench method. Through a series of experimental processes, the glasses’ density, hardness, and fracture toughness were measured. The mass attenuation coefficients (MACs), neutron removal cross-sections, and stopping powers of ions in the glasses were estimated using a mixture of Monte Carlo simulations and established theoretical models. By adding boron oxide to the WBSG (BB), a 39.50 % and 38.65 % increase in the density of the glass were observed for BB50 and BB60, respectively. About 9 % improvement was achieved in the hardness of the WBSG reinforced with B2O3. The MAC values were between the ranges of 0.0204–5.4610 cm2/g, 0.193–3.8959 cm2/g, 0.0189–3.4421 cm2/g, and 0.0186–3.0347 cm2/g for BB, BB40, BB50, and BB60, respectively, for gamma photons having energies within 0.015–15 MeV range. Also, the half-value layers for the same gamma photons energy range fell within the ranges of 0.053–14.19, 0.064–12.747, 0.061–10.98, and 0.07–11.226 cm for BB, BB40, BB50, and BB60, respectively. The increase in the boron oxide content in WBSG reduced the effective atomic number of the glass. The present glasses offer cheap and effective alternatives as gamma radiation protection barriers to some recently developed and commercial shielding glasses. The inves tigated glasses are recommended as cheap, strong, and effective attenuators for gamma, fast neutron, and light and heavy ion radiationItem Apatite-wollastonite glass-ceramics containing B2O3 and Na2O: Potential bioactive material for tissue protection during radiation therapy procedures(ELSEVIER, 2025) Al-Buriahi, M. S.,; OLARINOYE, OYELEKE; İbrahimoğlu, E.In this study, an attempt to expand available data and functionality of apatite-wollastonite glass ceramics (AW GCs) in medical therapy and bone engineering by estimating and analysing the physical, structural, fast neutron and gamma interaction properties of B2O and Na2O doped AW GCs is presented. The pristine (AW) and (20 wt% B2O3 and 30 wt% Na2O) doped AW GC (AW-B20-N30) samples were prepared using the cold isostatic press method. The samples were subject of structural and physical characterisation through experimental procedures, while their radiation interaction parameters were obtained following standard theoretical models. Samples’ densities were calculated as 2.917 and 2.613 g/cm3, while the Vickers hardness was 553 and 518 HV for AW and AW-B20-N3, respectively. The structure of the samples revealed that Na2O formed the brianite phase inserted in the apatite structure. The mass and linear attenuation coefficients fluctuated within the ranges, 0.0232-13.6853 cm2/g and 0.0676-39.92 cm-1 for AW and 0.021-8.313 cm2/g and 0.055-21.7223 cm-1 for AW-B20-N30, respectively. The half- and tent-value layers increased from about 0.02 to 10.25 cm and 0.06 to 34.05 cm for AW; for AW-B20-N30, the increase is from 0.032 to 12.61 cm and 0.11 to 41.88 cm, respectively. AW was more effective for shielding photons and fast neutrons, and had lower gamma buildup factors compared to AW-B20- N30. The study showed doping AW with B2O and Na2O could be optimised to get equivalent bone material in radiation studies. The AW GCs also showed better shielding effectiveness compared to some traditional shields and could therefore be applied for shielding tissues outside the target volume in radiation therapy