Civil Engineering
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Item Estimation of Pavement Temperature in Nigeria’s Climatological Zones(Proceedings of the Third International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC, 2024), 2025) Ibrahim, A. I.; Abdulrahman, H. S.; Abubakar, MahmudItem Influence Of Roadcem Content on Mechanical Properties of Lateritic Soil for Pavement Applications(Proceedings of the Third International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC, 2024), 2025) Illo, N. A.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Abdulrahman, H. S.; Kolo, D. N.Studies on lateritic soil had been carried by numerous researchers across the globe with a view of improving it for the purposes of road pavement and other civil engineering constructions. The main aim of this paper is to examine the impact of varying Roadcem (RC) content on the mechanical properties of lateritic soil for pavement applications which was found to be an A-7-5 soil according to AASHTO. The soil sample was treated with RC at 0, 1,2,3,4, and 5%. Laboratory test such as particles size distribution, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test for the treated and untreated samples was carried out. Three samples on each dosage were compacted and molded in cylindrical molds and cured two of each sample for 7 days, one each for 28 days. X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), was also carried out on the two samples to reveals their crystalline phases and shows high intensity of CaO and Quartz on the two samples respectively. The UCS results shows insignificant variations in the dosage of RC even at 28 days. The study concluded that A-7-5 soils does not respond to treatment with RC beyond 1% due to its high plasticity and poorly graded and therefore recommend the use of the RC as an additive, at lesser percentage, or on cohesionless soils like sand for road pavement applications.Item Modelling Groundwater Recharge Estimation Using Modified Soil Moisture balance Approach in Otukpo Basin, Nigeria(2nd International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC 2020), 2020-04-28) Asogwa E.O; Adesiji A.R; Adaudu I. I; Musa J. JABSTRACT In this paper, groundwater recharge in Otukpo basin is estimated using a modified daily soil moisture balance based on a single soil water store for a climate classified as tropical with distinct dry and wet seasons in the Middle Belt part of Nigeria. Soil properties like field capacity, permanent wilting point, readily available water, actual and potential evapotranspiration, soil moisture deficit were all estimated and deployed in the model which algorithm was developed using Python programming language, hence the name modified soil moisture balance model. Runoff is estimated using runoff matrix and runoff coefficients which depend on rainfall intensity and soil moisture deficits. A new component, near surface storage, is used to represent continuing evapotranspiration on days following heavy rainfall even though the soil moisture deficit is high. Groundwater recharge is estimated for cassava and yam which are commonly cultivated vegetable crops in the study area. Meteorological data for the periods of 2008 to 2018 were used in the model analysis. The model recorded annual groundwater recharge which varied from 38.119 mm in 2017 water year (just 3.6% of annual rainfall for the year) to 333.35 mm in 2009 water year which is 20.01% of annual rainfall for the year). The highest annual rainfall depth was also observed in the year 2009 as 1665.4 mm, with the lowest annual rainfall depth, 1062.4 mm also observed in the year 2017. The annual runoff ranged from 322.04 mm in the year 2015, a 32.16 % of annual rainfall for the year to 935.56 mm in the year 2008 a 58.17 % of annual rainfall for the year. The lowest actual evapotranspiration AE was also observed in 2017 as against the highest in 2012. The AE ranged from 583.84 mm in 2017 to 721.39 mm in 2012. The model gave a simplified method of groundwater recharge estimation as well as runoff depth coupled with rainfall-runoff relationship.Item Characterization of Bottled water quality using water quality index in Minna Metropolis of Niger State Nigeria.(2nd International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC 2020), 2020-08-29) Asogwa E.O; Umar B.M; Adesiji A.R; Gbadebo A.O; Mangey J.ARandom samples of bottled drinking water in Minna metropolis were collected and analyzed using water quality index. This study was carried out to characterize the bottled drinking water using water quality index so as to assess the suitability of bottled drinking water from different sources with the study area. Ten samples were purchased at the sources of production for four consecutive months of April, May, June and July 2019 and analyzed for pH, Calcium, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Chlorides, Magnesium, Sulphate, Nitrate, Iron, and Manganese. The results show that all the parameters analysed were all within the permissible limits of World Health Organization. The results obtained for the WQI from the different bottled water products were found to be varied from 4.96 to 21.65. These results indicate that the all the bottled water samples analyzed are safe for human consumption and for other domestic purposes. Effort should, however, be made to ensure the sustainability of the current method of bottled water production within the metropolis.Item Effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera as Coagulant for treating Abattoir Waste Water(2nd International Civil Engineering Conference. Department of Civil Engineering Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2020-06-23) Asogwa E.O; Hassan H.M; Adesiji A.R; Musa J.J; Mangey J.AEffectiveness of using Moringa oleifera seed for the treatment of abattoir wastewater was studied for the period of five (5) weeks. Completely randomized design with loading dosages of 10, 12, and 14g of processed Moringa seed was used in the treatment. A control (wastewater from abattoir with no Moringa oleifera treatment) was also included. Physical and chemical properties of abattoir wastewater were investigated before and after treatment. The turbidity value was reduced drastically for the treatments from 16.43 mg/l to 11.20 mg/l for 20g treatment particularly in week 5. Total hardness was reduced from 216.67 mg/l to the lowest value at 137.67 mg/l for 10g treatment in the 5th week. Total alkalinity was reduced from 141.3 mg/l to 66 mg/l for the treatments, conductivity was reduced from 1395.7 mg/l to 670 mg/l for 14g treatments just within the first week. The dissolved oxygen was reduced from 6.7 mg/l to zero for the treatments while the BOD was reduced from 4.33 mg/l to zero. The Calcium value was reduced from 30.53 mg/l to 9.40 mg/l for 18g treatment in the 5th week. The results generally showed that the higher the quantity of Moringa oleifera seed applied to the wastewater as week passed by, the better the wastewater treatment.Item Modelling Groundwater Recharge Estimation Using Modified Soil Moisture Balance Approach in Otukpo Basin Nigeria(2nd International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC 2020), 2020-04-29) Asogwa E.O; Adaudu I.I; Adesiji A.R; Musa J.JItem Statistical Model for Predicting Slump and Strength of Concrete Containing Date Seeds(Covenant Journal of Engineering Technology (CJET), 2021-06-10) YUSUF, Abdulazeez; Jamal, J. O.; Abubakar, M.; Aminulai, H. O.Incorporating agro-based waste in concrete can reduce environmental pollution and lead to preserving the ecosystem. In order to reduce trial and error in achieving desired slump and compressive strength of concrete containing Date Seed (DS), this paper examines the slump and compressive strength of concrete using date seeds as a partial replacement for crushed granite. Preliminary tests were conducted on the aggregates to ascertain their suitability for concrete production. Concrete with DS-crushed granite ratios of 0:100, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, and 20:80 were prepared using a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a water-cement ratio of 0.5. Slump loss was used to estimate the workability of the fresh concrete. The freshly prepared concrete was cast in 150 x 150 x 150 mm and the compressive strength was determined after curing by full immersion in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Results showed that the slump of concrete increased with an increase in the content of date seed. The compressive strength was inversely proportional to the date seed content with a DS crushed granite ratio of 20:80 recording the lowest compressive strength (20N/mm2). Linear regression models for slump and compressive strength were developed and found to be sufficient in explaining the experimental data based on a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.37 and 0.029 and R2 of 88% and 99% obtained for slump and compressive strength respectively. The study has concluded that DS can be used as a partial replacement for crushed granite in concrete and a linear model is sufficient in predicting the slump and strength of concrete containing date seeds.Item Mechanical Properties of Concrete using Bida Natural Aggregate as Coarse Aggregates(Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, 2020-10-10) YUSUF, Abdulazeez; M. Abdullahi; S. Sadiku; J. I. AguwaSignificant volume of concrete is occupied by aggregates. Most of these are obtained from rock fragment which depletes natural resources and thereby distorting the ecosystem. The use of alternative aggregate has the potential of reducing this menace. This paper investigates the slump and strength properties of concrete made by varying Bida Natural Aggregate to total aggregate ratio (BNA/TA). Nine different mixes were prepared for three Water to Cement (W/C) ratios and three BNA/TA ratios while Total Aggregate to Cement ratio (TA/C) was kept constant. Properties of the aggregates were determined and found to be satisfactory for concrete production. Three 150x150x150 mm concrete cubes, three 100x100x500 mm concrete prisms and three 100x200 mm concrete cylinders were produced for W/C of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 and BNA/TA of 0.55, 0.6 and 0.65. The compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of the specimens were determined at 28 days curing duration. Test results indicates that the higher the BNA /TA content, the lower the slump of concrete. A combination of BNA/TA of 0.55, W/C of 0.4 and TA/C ratio of 3 gave maximum compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength of 44.30 N/mm2, 7.60 N/mm2 and 3.42 N/mm2 respectively. It was concluded that BNA can be used in place of crushed granite in concrete production.Item Stabilization characteristics of cemented lateritic soil produced with selected cement types(Elsevier, 2025-01-10) A.A. Amadi; S.S. Kolo; YUSUF, Abdulazeez; F.E. Eze; U. SalihIt is recognized that different cements have different properties and stabilization effectiveness for different ap plications. The challenge of using the right type of cement should be a concern for practitioners in civil engi neering construction. In this study, an experimental testing programme was conducted to evaluate and compare the stabilizing effects of CEM I 42.5 N, CEM II/B-L 42.5 N and CEM III/A 42.5 N types of cement on some physical and mechanical properties of lateritic soil. Laboratory tests performed on soil mixtures containing the selected cements added to constitute 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 % of the dry weight of the composite materials include the con sistency and compaction tests determined on the basis of fresh mixtures. In addition, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test on specimens compacted at optimum moisture conditions with the British Standard Light (BSL) compaction effort and cured for 7, 28 and 90 days was performed. In equal proportions, soil mixtures prepared with the different types of cements yielded comparable results in terms of reducing the plasticity index (PI) from values as high as 60 % in untreated state to 5.05 %, 7.05 % and 8.2 % respectively for CEM I, CEM II and CEM III at 12 % cement content. Addition of cement also increased both the maximum dry unit weight (γ dmax ) and optimummoisture content (OMC) of the soil with CEM I cement having the greatest effect while CEM III cement affected the γ dmax γ dmax 3 =1.95 kN/m of the soil the least. For example, when compacted with BSH effort, CEM I achieved 3 and OMC =25 %,while for CEM III, γ γ dmax 3 of 1.53 kN/m dmax =1.63 kN/m and OMC =22.6 % compared to and OMC of 21.1 % for the untreated soil. Regardless of the cement type, there was an overall improvement in the strength properties of the lateritic soil represented by a range of 11– 14 times for UCS and31-62folds for E 50 at 12 %cementafter 90 days curing duration in comparison with the untreated soil. While strength gain was higher in CEM I based mixtures at early (7 day) age (1635.44, 1622.85 and 1599.55 kN/ m2 for CEM I, CEM II and CEM III respectively at 12 % cement content), CEM III provided superior strength improvement at the long term (90 day) curing period (2566.25 compared to 2444.58 and 2465.77 kN/m α 2 respectively for CEM I and CEM II at 12 % cement content). Using the variance analysis (ANOVA) at a signifi cance level ( ) of 0.05, the influence of cement type was statistically confirmed for the liquid limit, optimum moisture content and UCS at 28 and 90 days curing ages.Item Strength Properties of Concrete Using Terrazzo Waste as Partial Replacement for Cement(Epistemics in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2020-04-10) YUSUF, Abdulazeez; H. O. Aminulai; B. E. MfonCement is regarded as the most expensive concrete ingredient. Reducing the quantity of cement used in concrete with Terrazzo Waste (TW), will reduce the cost of concrete and solve disposal and environmental challenges posed by TW. The effect of partial replacement of cement with TW in concrete was studied. The specific gravity, sieve analysis, water absorption, bulk density and moisture content tests were carried out on the aggregates. A terrazzo waste replacement of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight of cement was used to cast 150 x 150 x 150 mm concrete cubes as well as 500 x 100 x 100 mm concrete prisms. A mix ratio of 1:1.8:2.51 designed for an M30 concrete with water-cement ratio of 0.50 was used for all mixes. The weight of concrete increased with corresponding increase in the content of TW. Compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted on thirty-six (36) cubes and thirty-six (36) prisms after curing by full immersion for 7 and 28 days. The values of compressive strength ranged between 19.88 N/mm² to 37.63 N/m² while the flexural strength obtained range between 3.12 N/mm² and 4.52 N/mm² at 28days of curing. Different percentage replacement of TW satisfied different concrete grade requirement for structural design except for 50% replacement which recorded compressive strength of 19.88 N/mm². An optimum replacement level of %10 was recorded and the concrete is applicable for structural elements in buildings. Second order polynomial equations were developed for predicting compressive and flexural strength of concrete containing TW. Terrazzo waste was therefore recommended for use as a partial replacement for cement in concrete production.