Civil Engineering

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Civil Engineering

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    Comparison of Drying Shrinkage Models of IOT Concrete
    (Conference: 2nd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2017) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2017) Oritola, S. F.; Abd Latif, Saleh; Abdul Rahman, Mohd.Sam; Abubakar, Mahmud; Alhaji, B.
    Problems associated with drying shrinkage of concrete is still a major source of concern in the construction industry. Due to the hygral nature of concrete, particularly the instability of the volume as a result of drying shrinkage, concrete will crack at any stage during its service life. The depletion of the environment due to huge consumption of sand for construction is another major problem. Iron ore tailings (IOT), an industrial waste, generated during the production of iron ore is utilized in concrete to lessen the environmental problems. The iron ore tailings was sourced from a local iron ore producing mine and the material was used as partial replacement for sand to produce normal weight concrete. The drying shrinkage of this concrete was compared with that of the control normal weight concrete. The ultimate drying shrinkage of the concrete samples were further studied, using three prediction models. The inclusion of iron ore tailings as fine aggregate in concrete contributed to reduction of the drying shrinkage recorded at 28, 56 and 90 days as well as the ultimate drying shrinkage. The drying shrinkage of concrete and the predicted ultimate drying shrinkage recorded by the B3 and GL2000 models agreed more closely, as compared with the recorded values obtained using ACI209R model.
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    Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate With Waste Glass in Concrete Made From Bida Natural Aggregate
    (3rd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2019) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2019) Alhaji, B.; Kolo, D. N.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Yusuf, A.; Abdullahi, A.; Shehu, M.
    This study reports the experimental investigation on the suitability of waste glass as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete made using Bida natural aggregates (BNA). Glass is widely used in our daily lives through manufactured products such as sheet glass, bottles, glassware, and vacuum tubing. It is an ideal material for recycling. The increasing awareness of glass recycling speeds up inspections on the use of waste glass with different forms in various fields. Mix ratio of 1:2:4 batched by weight with water - cement ratio of 0.55 was used. The percentage replacement varied from 0% to 40% at 5% intervals. Slump test was conducted to assess the workability of the fresh concrete. The compressive strengths and densities of cured concrete cubes of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were evaluated at 7, 21 and 28days. A total of 81 concrete cubes were cast and tested. It was observed that an increase in the percentage replacement of fine aggregate with waste glass reduces workability, density and compressive strength. The compressive strength and density vary with days of curing. The findings of this study indicated that the optimum replacement percentage of waste glass with conventional fine aggregate was 20%. However, waste glass can effectively be used as fine aggregate replacement (up to40%) without substantial change in concrete strength.
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    Effect Of Water Cement Ratio On The Compressive Strength Of Revibrated Concrete
    (Environmental Technology and Science Journal, 2015) Auta, S. M.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Yusuf, A.
    Effect of water cement-ratio on compressive strength of re-vibrated concrete is presented. The mix proportion of 1:2:4 aggregates were considered to cast 39 cubes each as laboratory specimen with 0.65, 0.70 and 0.75 water-cement ratios. Each of these categories were revibrated at time lag intervals of 10minutes for 120 minutes period of revibration process and cured for 7, 21 and 28 days. When tested for their respective compressive strength, the result obtained shows that there is a gradual increase in compressive strength of the concrete specimen with increase in time and in water-cement ratio. The maximum compressive strength at 120th minute for ages of 28 days are 25.42, 26.67 and 40.44N/mm2 for concrete with water-cement ratio of 0.65, 0.70 and 0.75 respectively. The maximum attained compressive strength for 28 days curing is 40.44N/mm2 (for 0.75w/c) appears to be higher than 25.42N/mm2 (for 0.65 w/c). Water-cement ratio has adversely enhanced the compressive strength of concrete when re-vibrated.
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    Design of A Composite Traffic Control System at Kpakungu Roundabout Minna, Niger State
    (Nigeria Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NJEAS), 2016) Kolo, S.S.; Adeleke, O. O.; Ayeni, S. J.; Akinmade, T.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Yusuf, A.
    A composite traffic control method is proposed to control traffic and ease congestion especially during peak periods at Kpakungu roundabout in Minna, Niger state. Reconnaissance survey of the roundabout was carried out to note predominant directions of traffic flow from each approach to the roundabout; manual counting of traffic for five working days was done between 7:00 am to 12 noon and 3:00 - 7:00 pm daily. The result of the survey shows that congestion occurs at the roundabout between 7:45 - 9:30 am and between 5:00-6:30 pm every day. Results also show that the peak hourly traffic flow rate occurs between 8:00 and 9:00 am, and 5:00 to 6:00 pm daily. The result of the traffic count was then forecasted for 2-years using data on annual vehicle registration in Minna for 2011 to 2015 obtained from the Niger State Board of Internal Revenue Service. The Webster method of signal timing was used to design traffic signals that will optimally allocate right of way time to conflicting traffic streams. A 5-phase signalization of 90- and 97-seconds cycle lengths were proposed for morning and evening peak periods, respectively.
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    Estimation of Pavement Temperature in Nigeria’s Climatological Zones
    (Proceedings of the Third International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC, 2024), 2025) Ibrahim, A. I.; Abdulrahman, H. S.; Abubakar, Mahmud
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    Influence Of Roadcem Content on Mechanical Properties of Lateritic Soil for Pavement Applications
    (Proceedings of the Third International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC, 2024), 2025) Illo, N. A.; Abubakar, Mahmud; Abdulrahman, H. S.; Kolo, D. N.
    Studies on lateritic soil had been carried by numerous researchers across the globe with a view of improving it for the purposes of road pavement and other civil engineering constructions. The main aim of this paper is to examine the impact of varying Roadcem (RC) content on the mechanical properties of lateritic soil for pavement applications which was found to be an A-7-5 soil according to AASHTO. The soil sample was treated with RC at 0, 1,2,3,4, and 5%. Laboratory test such as particles size distribution, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test for the treated and untreated samples was carried out. Three samples on each dosage were compacted and molded in cylindrical molds and cured two of each sample for 7 days, one each for 28 days. X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), was also carried out on the two samples to reveals their crystalline phases and shows high intensity of CaO and Quartz on the two samples respectively. The UCS results shows insignificant variations in the dosage of RC even at 28 days. The study concluded that A-7-5 soils does not respond to treatment with RC beyond 1% due to its high plasticity and poorly graded and therefore recommend the use of the RC as an additive, at lesser percentage, or on cohesionless soils like sand for road pavement applications.
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    Modelling Groundwater Recharge Estimation Using Modified Soil Moisture balance Approach in Otukpo Basin, Nigeria
    (2nd International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC 2020), 2020-04-28) Asogwa E.O; Adesiji A.R; Adaudu I. I; Musa J. J
    ABSTRACT In this paper, groundwater recharge in Otukpo basin is estimated using a modified daily soil moisture balance based on a single soil water store for a climate classified as tropical with distinct dry and wet seasons in the Middle Belt part of Nigeria. Soil properties like field capacity, permanent wilting point, readily available water, actual and potential evapotranspiration, soil moisture deficit were all estimated and deployed in the model which algorithm was developed using Python programming language, hence the name modified soil moisture balance model. Runoff is estimated using runoff matrix and runoff coefficients which depend on rainfall intensity and soil moisture deficits. A new component, near surface storage, is used to represent continuing evapotranspiration on days following heavy rainfall even though the soil moisture deficit is high. Groundwater recharge is estimated for cassava and yam which are commonly cultivated vegetable crops in the study area. Meteorological data for the periods of 2008 to 2018 were used in the model analysis. The model recorded annual groundwater recharge which varied from 38.119 mm in 2017 water year (just 3.6% of annual rainfall for the year) to 333.35 mm in 2009 water year which is 20.01% of annual rainfall for the year). The highest annual rainfall depth was also observed in the year 2009 as 1665.4 mm, with the lowest annual rainfall depth, 1062.4 mm also observed in the year 2017. The annual runoff ranged from 322.04 mm in the year 2015, a 32.16 % of annual rainfall for the year to 935.56 mm in the year 2008 a 58.17 % of annual rainfall for the year. The lowest actual evapotranspiration AE was also observed in 2017 as against the highest in 2012. The AE ranged from 583.84 mm in 2017 to 721.39 mm in 2012. The model gave a simplified method of groundwater recharge estimation as well as runoff depth coupled with rainfall-runoff relationship.
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    Characterization of Bottled water quality using water quality index in Minna Metropolis of Niger State Nigeria.
    (2nd International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC 2020), 2020-08-29) Asogwa E.O; Umar B.M; Adesiji A.R; Gbadebo A.O; Mangey J.A
    Random samples of bottled drinking water in Minna metropolis were collected and analyzed using water quality index. This study was carried out to characterize the bottled drinking water using water quality index so as to assess the suitability of bottled drinking water from different sources with the study area. Ten samples were purchased at the sources of production for four consecutive months of April, May, June and July 2019 and analyzed for pH, Calcium, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Chlorides, Magnesium, Sulphate, Nitrate, Iron, and Manganese. The results show that all the parameters analysed were all within the permissible limits of World Health Organization. The results obtained for the WQI from the different bottled water products were found to be varied from 4.96 to 21.65. These results indicate that the all the bottled water samples analyzed are safe for human consumption and for other domestic purposes. Effort should, however, be made to ensure the sustainability of the current method of bottled water production within the metropolis.
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    Effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera as Coagulant for treating Abattoir Waste Water
    (2nd International Civil Engineering Conference. Department of Civil Engineering Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2020-06-23) Asogwa E.O; Hassan H.M; Adesiji A.R; Musa J.J; Mangey J.A
    Effectiveness of using Moringa oleifera seed for the treatment of abattoir wastewater was studied for the period of five (5) weeks. Completely randomized design with loading dosages of 10, 12, and 14g of processed Moringa seed was used in the treatment. A control (wastewater from abattoir with no Moringa oleifera treatment) was also included. Physical and chemical properties of abattoir wastewater were investigated before and after treatment. The turbidity value was reduced drastically for the treatments from 16.43 mg/l to 11.20 mg/l for 20g treatment particularly in week 5. Total hardness was reduced from 216.67 mg/l to the lowest value at 137.67 mg/l for 10g treatment in the 5th week. Total alkalinity was reduced from 141.3 mg/l to 66 mg/l for the treatments, conductivity was reduced from 1395.7 mg/l to 670 mg/l for 14g treatments just within the first week. The dissolved oxygen was reduced from 6.7 mg/l to zero for the treatments while the BOD was reduced from 4.33 mg/l to zero. The Calcium value was reduced from 30.53 mg/l to 9.40 mg/l for 18g treatment in the 5th week. The results generally showed that the higher the quantity of Moringa oleifera seed applied to the wastewater as week passed by, the better the wastewater treatment.
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    Modelling Groundwater Recharge Estimation Using Modified Soil Moisture Balance Approach in Otukpo Basin Nigeria
    (2nd International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC 2020), 2020-04-29) Asogwa E.O; Adaudu I.I; Adesiji A.R; Musa J.J