Applied Geophysics
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Applied Geophysics
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Item Analysis of Electrical Resistivity Survey Data for Aquifer Potential and Protective Capacity at Mararaba Dan-Daudu Minna, North Central, Nigeria(Science Publishing Group, 2023-10-28) Alfa Idris Alhaji; Salako Kazeem Adeyinka; Rafiu Abdulwaheed Adewuyi; Udensi Emmanuel Emeka; Adetona Abbas Adebayo; Jamilu ShehuIt is a fact that basement complex regions lacks sufficient overburden that can host sustainable water table, water bearing fractured/weathered rocks referred to as aquifers are usually identified via suitable geophysical methods to proffer solution to water challenges within these regions. This current study targets the exploration of groundwater potential within the Mararaba Dan-daudu community, a suburb of Minna metropolis. Electrical resistivity method was employed to delineate aquifer prospects and their protective capacity within the area of study. The data from thirty-six Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) survey points were acquired and analysed. Survey points were aligned along six profiles (A – F) with six VES points per profile. Interpretation of VES points along profiles was helpful in determining the number of layers and thickness. The analysis revealed mainly three layers comprising of sand and fresh laterite at the first layer, fractured/weathered basement at the second layer and fresh basement at the third layer. Iso-resistivity mapping was also done at various depths (surface, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 30 m and 40 m) respectively to investigate the lateral variations of resistivity over a horizontal plane. These showcased the electrical conductance sliced at the depths of interest. Thirteen VES points (A1, A5, A6, B1, B3, B6, C6, D6, E6, F1, F2, F4 and F5) were mapped as having good prospective aquifer properties. Longitudinal conductance was computed for the outlined VES points to determine their Aquifer Protective Capacity (APC). The result of (APC) rating for the 13 VES revealed the frequency and percentage of APC ranged as: 2 VES locations (15.4%) have good APC, 8 VES locations (61.5%) have moderate APC and 3 VES location (23.1%) have weak APC. with only 3 VES locations out of 13 VES locations in the study area revealed weak APC, the results proved that the groundwater potential of the study area has moderately good APC.Item Integrated 2D Geoelectric Prospecting for Gold Mineralization Potential Within Southern Part of Kebbi NW Nigeria(ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, 2024) Augie A. I; Salako K.A; Rafiu A. A; Jimoh M.OThis is a detailed geophysical research into the anomalous zones identified by pre vious aeromagnetic studies in the area. Integrated 2D geoelectric prospecting methods involving ERT, IP and SP techniques were used to delineate subsurface structure suitable for gold mineralization potential in parts of the Yauri, Shanga, and Magama areas of the states of Kebbi and Niger in the northwest Nigeria. The ERT, IP and SP measurements were carried out with a dipole-dipole configuration and the SuperSting resistivity meter. The research results revealed regions with low/high resistivity, high chargeability, and high SP values, which were identified as mineral potential zones. The ERT technique has helped to delineate regions with low resistivity anomalous which correspond to oxidized rocks associated with granite/quartzite veins. High resistivity range could exist over dyke structures associated with partially decomposed granite and quartzite, as in dicated by the geological setting and borehole log of the area. The IP technique revealed a high chargeability (≥ 20 milliseconds) in the study area, possibly due to the accumulation of metallic minerals in host rocks, such as gold. The SP technique has also helped to identify regions with high SP anomalies (≥20 mV), which are characterized by vein-bearing ore minerals. The integration of ERT, IP, and SP results revealed oxidized rock zones, dyke subsurface structures of decomposed quartzite, granite, gneiss, and ore mineral veins. These zones are located in the northwest Mararraba, the southwest Jinsani, and the southern Sabon Gari in Niger and Kebbi states. The areas could be considered a potential pathway for gold exploration and exploitation.Item Application of High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Data for Structural Frame Work of Zamfara Basement Complex,North Western Nigeria.(Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State – Nigeria, 2024) A.M. Narimi; A.A Rafiu; U.D. AlhassanZamfara state, located in the northwest of Nigeria, is regarded as one of the richest states in terms solid mineral abundance in Nigeria. Unofficial artisanal miners have found over 120 mining sites in the state. However, there is Insufficient knowledge of local and regional geology in the research area. High resolution aeromagnetic data were utilized to determine the depth of magnetic sources and basement tectonics. Clarifying the tectonic distribution of the basement complex and small portion of Sokoto sedimentary sequence within the research area is the aim of this investigation. Furthermore, this elucidation will help to differentiate the region's causative sources, which include contacts, faults, fractures, silk and dykes. Three approaches were compared for estimating the depth to magnetic sources namely: upward continuation, source parameter imaging, and Euler deconvolution. Euler deconvolution was upward continued to a distance of 1 km for (structural indexes 0 and 1, i.e., for contact and dyke) respectively. The map from these structural indexes exhibits similar patterns in terms of magnetic intrusive geological structures. Most magnetic structures and intrusive depth sources diminish at shallower range < 500 m while deeper sources > 1 km and 1.5 km were still present. The source parameter imaging produces the depth to the magnetic source, which ranges from 85.42 nT, which indicates a basement complex, to 1088.21 nT, which indicates a sedimentary basin. In addition to the subsurface geologic conditions, Visual inspection of the total horizontal derivative (THD), and tilt derivative (TD) revealed swift variations in the lithologic features and tectonic inferences as well as the subsurface geologic conditions. Three primary magnetic lithologic zones were identified from the analytical signal map classification: strong (> 0.051 nT/m), intermediate (0.016 to 0.051 nT/m), and low magnetic zones (< 0.016 nT/m). The lineament map, tilt derivative, and horizontal tilt derivative all showed the amplifications of various structural features (faults, fractures, and folds). These demonstrate the structural control of minerals in this research area.Item Delineating and Interpreting the Gold Veins Within Bida and Zungeru Area, Niger State Nigeria, Using Aeromagnetic and Radiometric Data(Pakistan Journal of Geology, 2021) Aliyu, Shakirat Bukola; Adetona, Abbass. Adebayo,; Rafiu Abdulwaheed Adewuyi; Ejepu Jude; Adewumi, TaiwoBoth Airborne Magnetic and Radiometric datasets were employed to interpret the geology and geological structures that serve as host to gold and associated minerals within the Bida and Zungeru, Niger State, Nigeria. An area of 55 by 110km2, contained within the cretaceous sediments of Bida Basin and the meta- sediments of Zungeru-sarkin-pawa schist belt. Data interpretation involve the application of a mathematical algorithm for data enhancing such as, Reduce to the Equator, Analytical signal, First Vertical Derivative, and Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET) to the magnetic data, and Ternary imaging to the radiometric data, with a sole aim of mapping geological structures such as faults fracture folds joints and geological boundaries and possible gold mineralization veins that arise from hydrothermally altered zones. Two major geological units inhibit the study area, the cretaceous sediment, and the meta-sediments, major feature identifies within the Cretaceous sediment are the folds majority of which are located within the contacts. The result of the 1VD display is the vivid picture of the observed structural features such as faults fractures folds’ contacts labeled F1 to F8 both within the high region of magnetic susceptibility (in red) and low regions (in blue) geology contacts (yellow), folds (bold yellow) all across the field. Prominently at the North-Western corner of the study area are sets of linear structure that trend NE-SW, located within the contacts between the mylonites and the amphibolites and the belt-type meta- sediments located around Katakwo, Gindei, Kwange, Gabas and Akusu villages. Equallyworth mentioning are sets of lineament (in blue) trend E-W all across the mid-region of the study area, precisely at the Eastern corner within and below the Federal University of Technology Minna around Kata-eregi, Sabon- Dagan, Kakaki down Minkwoigi, Sunbwagi, Kakagi, Sabon dagga, and Bobo-shiri towns, where the majority of volcanic activities must have been recorded. The airborne radiometric show mobilization of the immobile thorium Th, concentration, and this also indicated hydrothermally altered zones. The increase in potassium concentration and decrease in K/Th relation observed from radiometric interpretation are very pinpointing of hydrothermal activities within the study area. The gold mineralisations are found within this vein and in the adjacent, highly deformed host rock located below the Federal University of Technology Minna Campus. The deformation seems to comprise principally of pebbly schist, amphibolites along fine-grained and magnetite.Item A Seismic Refraction Study of the Influence of Basement Topography on Existing Run-of Channel at Television Village Campus of Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna Nigeria.(2004) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, Agelaga A.G.Item Geoelectrical survey for Groundwater at the Gidan Kwano Campus of the Federal University of Technology minna.(Enviromental Technology and Science Journal (ETSJ),, 2006) 44 Udensi E.E, Unuevho C.I., Jonah S.A., Ofor P.N., Adetona A.A., Salako K.A., GanaC.S.,Nwosu J.E., Mulero E.O., Iwuafor H. O., Akinloye O.A., and Owolabi E.OVertical electrical sounding (VES) was carried out at Union Site Gidan kwano campus, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. The objective is to delineate area suitable for structural development and soil corrosivity of the study area. Schlumberger electrode configuration was adopted with maximum current electrode spacing (AB/2) of 100 m. The profile separations was 100 m with inter vertical electrical soundings (VES) point spacing of 100 m. Total of sixty (60) vertical electrical soundings (VES) station were covered. The interpretation revealed three distinct geologic layers. These include topsoil with resistivity values range between 11.41 and 1009 ohm-m and thickness is relatively thin and ranges between 1 and 6 m. The weathered/fractured layer has resistivity values also ranges from 11 to 963 ohm-m with thickness ranges from 1 to 45 which indicate high degree of weathered/fracture and/or water saturation, The fresh basement has resistivity values that range between 12 and 2983 ohm-m. All the soundings are 3-layered and are characterised by A, H and Q curve types. Seventeen (17) VES station were delineated for high rise building having depths to fresh basement varying between 2 m to 5 m (where consolidated basement is shallow with high resistivity value). The corrosivity ratings of the study area shows that 13% is moderately corrosive, 8% is slightly corrosive and 79% suggest practically noncorrosive. The result reasonably provide information areas where high rise building can be sited and iron pipe can be laid in order to safeguard the hydrological setting of the area.Item Ground water Exploration at the South-Western part of Maikunkele village, Niger State Nigeria using electrical method(. Journal of Technology and Mathematics Education (JOSTMED)., 2017) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, 36 Abdullahi MohammedA conventional D.C VES Survey was carried out in Government Day Secondary School Site, Maikunkele, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. It lies between 09⁰40’37.17” to 09⁰41’37.15”N latitudes and 06⁰29’51.66” to 06⁰30’51.55”E longitudes in the basement complex region of Nigeria. The survey was carried out with the aim of evaluating the groundwater potential of the surveyed region and to locate suitable site for productive borehole development in the study are. The technique used in this research is the Vertical Electrical Sounding using Schlumberger configuration. A total of 30 VES points were located on grid profiles separated at 100 m interval between profiles. The data acquired from the survey were subjected to geophysical interpretation with the help of a computer based program called WinResist. The result acquired from the 5 profiles were analysed and contoured to produce the resistivity contour maps and iso-resistivity contour maps for the surface and the basement. The interpreted layered-earth model suggests the existence of two geo-electric regions. The weathered basement is considered as the bearing zone (aquifer) and is generally characterized by relative resistivity values of 100 Ωm to about 485 Ωm and aquifer thickness ranging between 3 m to 20 m. The Southern and Northern part of the study area are the most promising regions for sinking boreholes to derive underground water. The high resistivity distribution at the Southern to North central parts of the study area could be attributed to laterite deposit at the surface of the region where00as the Northeast and North-western corresponds to area delineated as having shallow basement.Item GEOELECTRICAL INVESTIGATION FOR GROUNDWATER AT DAY SECONDARY SCHOOL, KAMPALA, MINNA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA(Nigerian Journal of Physics 2018, 2018) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, Damidami LukaGeoelectrical investigation of groundwater has been carried out at Day Secondary School, Kampala, Minna, Niger state, Nigeria. The area is situated on Latitude 9⁰40'37.11'' to 9⁰41'37.1''N and longitude 6⁰29'52.64'' to 6⁰30'51.56'' E. The survey was carried out with the aim of delineating the potential area for groundwater development and locating possible and suitable sites for productive boreholes, via overburden thickness and depth to the groundwater within the study area. A total of 500 m x 500 m was covered with VES points at 100 m interval and inter profile space of 100 m giving a total of thirty six (36) VES points. The schlumberger configuration was used for data collection with half-current electrode (AB/2) ranging from 1 to 100 m. WinResist computer software package was used to produce the VES curves. The quantitative interpretation of the VES curves made use of curve matching and computer aided approach. The depth sounding interpretation results were used to generate geoelectric section. The corresponding geologic section were also generated which revealed the existence of three subsurface layers. These layers comprises the topsoil, weathered/fractured basement and fresh basement The depth to basement map was also produced to further indicate depth to basement from the ground surface with VES A2, B5, D2 and E1 to be relatively deeper with depth values range between 25 to 35 m while the shallower region of the area has a depth range values between 10 to 20 m. Hence, VES A2, A5, B4, B5, C2, C4, D4, D5, E1, E3, and F4 are high conductive zone which are prolific for ground water potential. The depth range of the aquifer potential zones is between 22.7 m to 50.4 m. Correlations of the geologic sections extracted from the geoelectric section with the interpreted nearby borehole log were in agreement.Item ANALYSIS AND DESRIPTION OF THREESTAGES HEAR TREATMENT REQUIRED IN THE FIBRICATION OF ADJUSTABLE DIE(THREAD CUTTING TOOL)USING HIGH CARBON STEEL(AFRICAN JOURNAL O ENGINEERING RESERACH AND DEVELOPMENT, 2008) ADETONA, Adebayo AbbassThe work sample high grade carbon steel for annealing before machining it into a cutting tool the resultant tool was quenched in red oil from a temperature of 800 degrees centigrade to room temperature and was tested for work abilityItem Investigating the structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra basins, Nigeria, using first Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) centre for exploration targeting plug-in(SCIENCE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2013) ADETONA, Adebayo Abbass, , ABU MALLAMAbstract: The IGRF-corrected 2009 aeromagnetic data over the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra basins Nigeria was subjected to both Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives, Analytical Signal and CET grid analysis, these digital processing tools were achieved both on map and profile analysis. From the analysis of both the Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives the study area could be divided into two regions based on the degree of distortion to the magnetic signatures the Northern and the Western edge of the area is covered by short wavelength magnetic anomalous signatures that are the characteristic of outcrop and shallow intrusive magnetic bodies, while the remaining part of the study area is characterized by medium to long wavelength magnetic signatures that are attributes of deep sited magnetic rocks in areas of medium to thick sedimentations. Result of the Analytical Signal which is in local amplitude reveals regions with outcrop of magnetic rocks having amplitudes ranging from 0.230 to 0.40 (shown as pink color), area with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at shallow depths, with amplitudes ranging from 0.094 to 0.229 cycles (shown as red color), while regions with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at greater depths, having very low amplitudes ranging from -0.085 to 0.055 cycles (shown in yellow to green color). Analyses due to CET grid analysis equally reveal the basement rocks to the North and Southern edge of the study area. Intrusions into the sedimentary formation are also revealed. The research discovered that the lower (southern) part of the area (on Angba and Otukpo area) shows structures (Basaltic rocks) that intrude into the basement which could have predate the sedimentation period, several fracture and fault lines are detected on the CET map, most prominent among them is that at the Southeastern corner of the area which trends NE-SW which can be attributed to an onshore extension of Charcots fault zone , and that which trends N-S is a fault line that controls the course of River Niger. These three features are responsible for the depressions where sediments can accumulate.