Building Technology

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Building Technology

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Start date: 2020

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 15
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    Thermal Comfort Performance of Thermoelectric Peltier Module Refrigeration System in Built Environment
    (School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna. PMB 65, Minna, Niger State Nigeria., 2024-11-29) Musa Titus Dada; Ejiga Anthony Ejiga
    According to data provided by the International Energy Agency, nearly 1.6 billion air conditioning (A/C) systems were operating globally in 2017, accounting for approximately 6% of the overall final energy consumption. To address the energy and economic challenges posed by such extensive use of air conditioning for thermal comfort, it is imperative to identify alternative solutions that can effectively operate in warm-humid environments. This study explored the thermal comfort performance of thermoelectric module refrigeration (TEMR) system in built environment; installed in a single-room facility in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, over a one-month period. The experimental setup involved a test room measuring 1.3 m x 2.6 m x 3 m, equipped with aluminum roofing, an asbestos ceiling, an aluminum-framed window, and a steel door. The TEMR system was assessed for its ability to regulate indoor temperature and humidity under varying external climatic conditions. The TEMR system operated at a constant current of 6.4A, with data collected at specific intervals throughout each day. Results indicated that the TEMR system significantly reduced indoor air temperature and relative humidity, particularly during peak operational hours (12:00 pm to 2:00 pm). Weekly variations showed temperature drops from 37°C to 22°C and humidity reductions from 60% to 32% within 60 minutes of operation. These findings align with ASHRAE Standard 55-2017 for indoor environmental quality. The study concludes that the TEMR system is effective in improving indoor climatic conditions, offering a sustainable and energy-efficient cooling solution. Its performance, influenced by external climatic factors, demonstrates potential for broader application, particularly in developing regions where long- term, low-maintenance, and environmentally friendly cooling solutions are needed.
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    Analysing the Physical Condition of Buildings: A Case Study of an Institution of Learning in Nigeria
    (School of Environmental Technology International Conference Proceedings (SETIC 2024), 2024) Abass, A.; OGUNBODE Ezekiel Babatunde; Olubajo, O. O.
    Abstract Buildings depreciate with time and gradually perform less than they are expected. This is a concern for building owners and users. Research on depreciation of building tends to focus on identifying or categorising defects. However, investigations that examine the condition of public buildings that inhabit large and frequent users is limited. The aim of this research is to analyse the physical condition of public buildings in an institution of learning. This study adopts a case study approach involving physical observations and the condition rating of three buildings in an institution of learning in Nigeria. The results of the analysis showed that there were several similar defects on the walls, floors, roof, electrical and mechanical services. The results on the condition of the buildings showed average condition index values indicating that the buildings were in moderate condition with the laboratory in a better condition with an average condition rating of 0.58 and the offices with an average condition rating of 0.52 and the classes with an average condition rating of 0.44. The study argues that improving the condition or state of the buildings would lead to enhanced building performance.
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    Mechanical and microstructure properties of cassava peel ash–based kenaf bio-fibrous concrete composites
    (Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2021-05-20) Ezekiel B. Ogunbode, Bemgba B, Nyakuma., Richard A. Jimoh, Temitope A. Lawal & Helen G. Nmadu
    The study investigated the effects of kenaf bio-fibre (KBF) and cassava peel ash (CPA) on the physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete. The CPA was characterized by microstructural studies such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The KBF (length, L = 5 cm) and five (5) volume fractions from 0 to 1.0% (Δ% = 0.25%) were used with Portland cement (CEM 1). Next, five concrete mixtures were also cast using 10% CPA as a replacement for CEM 1. The results revealed that the inclusion of KBF in concrete and blending CPA with CEM1 reduced the slump values with no major improvement of the compressive strength. However, blending CPA with CEM1 and inclusion of KBF in concrete improved the VeBe time of the fresh concrete and the tensile and flexural strengths of the hardened concrete. The SEM results showed that KBF serve as bridges between the cracks and enhanced the load transfer capability of the concrete matrix. Overall, the study demonstrated that the utilization of KBF and CPA in concrete is a technically feasible and environmentally friendly approach to waste valorization and sustainable construction
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    EVALUATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF BINARY BLEND ALKALINE ACTIVATED MORTAR
    (Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2021-09) NMADU, Helen Gogo, OGUNBODE, E. B., WUNA, M. A., ADAMU, B., SANI, M., & MUDASHIRU, S. H.
    Alkaline Activated materials have been proven recently to be the way of converting Agricultural, thermal and industrial waste into construction repair materials. This paper evaluates the microstructure and compressive properties of Cassava Peel Ash (CPA) incorporated Metakaolin (MK) based Alkaline Activated Mortar (AAM). Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were used as an alkaline activator and NaOH in varying concentrations of 6, 9 and 12 M. The mass ratios of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (NS: NH) and the binder to fine aggregate (B: A) were fixed to 2.5 and 0.4 respectively. The specimens were subjected to a curing temperature of 60ºC for a duration of 24 hours. The compressive strength of the synthesized AAMs was determined at 3, 7 and 28 days. The use of Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) was used to study the microstructure of the mortar. It is demonstrated that 50% of MK replaced CPA of 12m of NaoH achieved the highest compressive strength as much as 47.6 N/mm2 at 28 days curing. The strength and microstructural characteristics of the synthesized AAMs was significantly improved. The study showed that the use of Cassava Peel Ash and Metakaolin in the production of sustainable green geopolymer mortar is a suitable alternative repair material that is feasible both technically and environmentally.
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    Effect of Alkali-Activation on Setting Characteristics of Binary and Ternary Blended Geopolymer Mortar
    (AL FARABI 4TH International congresson applied science,Erzurum Turkey, 2022-09-12) Nmadu Helen Gogo, Ogunbode E.B, Yusuf I.O, Hassan K.M
    To achieve sustainability, efforts have been made to eliminate the problem connected with cement usage and production by completely replacing cement with an environmentally benign binder. This study investigates the impact of alkali activation on the setting properties of three precursors (Metakaolin, Cassava Peel Ash, and Rice Husk Ash) combined for binary and ternary geopolymer mortar. The fresh properties of geopolymer mortars, including flowability, setting time, and strength, were studied. For each test, a binary mortar mix ratio of CPA/MK, MK/RHA, and CPA/RHA, such as 100/0, 0/100, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75, was assessed, as well as a ternary mortar mix ratio of MK/CPA/RHA, such as 100/100/100, 50/25/25, 25/50/25, and 25/25/50, and 100 percent PC (Control). As activators for geopolymer mortar mixture, 6M, 9M, and 12M concentrations of Na2SiO3/NaOH solutions were utilized. The results demonstrated that the control mortar containing 100 percent PC flowed less than the binary and ternary mortars. Mixtures with a greater proportion of CPA cure faster than those containing a greater proportion of MK or RHA. In addition, the water-to-binder absorption rate of RHA is greater than that of MK and CPA. On the basis of its soundness features, the 100 percent PC (control) exhibits less expansion than the binary and ternary blended geopolymer mixtures. As an environmentally friendly building material, geopolymer mortar has shown great feasibility and application potential, according to the current study.
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    STRENGTHENING MORTAR BY USING A TERNARY GEOPOLYMER BINDER MADE OF CASSAVA PEEL ASH, METAKAOLIN, AND RICE HUSK ASH
    (Faculty of environmental science (FES,) RECONFES 001, Enugu state university of science and technology, 2022-06-08) OKWORI Lawrence Eshufu , OGUNBODE Ezekiel Babatunde , IBRAHIM Hassan Ogiri , NMADU Helen Gogo
    An alternative new ternary geopolymer mortar was developed to resolve a traditional mortar problem which exhibits several disadvantages, including poor strengths and surface microcracks and the CO2 air pollution. The ternary binder was produced using Cassava peel ash (CPA), Metakaolin (MK), and Rice husk ash (RHA) activated with an alkaline mixture of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and 9 M NaOH in a mass ratio of 2.5. Five different mix proportions of CPA, MK, and RHA were used to fabricate the ternary geopolymer mortars (TGPM‘s). The water-to-binder ratio was 0.35. The mortars were heat cured for 24 h at 60℃ and then aged under room temperature. Mortar flow and compressive strength was tested. The results showed that the sample C70M20R10, which contained 70% CPA, 20% MK, and 10% RHA, exhibited high compressive strength (50.02 N/mm2 and 54.74 N/mm2 ) without any crack at 28 days and 56 days respectively, after being cured for 24 hours at 60C; however, the C90M07R03 mortar with optimal strength of 55.32 N/mm2 and 58.93N/mm2 for 28 days and 56 days respectively, showed some surface cracks. This ternary binder will be useful from an environmental viewpoint, as it reduces the waste disposed in landfills and helps prevent global warming. Production of new geopolymer binder of mortar as alternative to traditional cement binder with high early and normal strength from low cost waste materials and earth explored materials, less potential of cracking, less energy consumption need and low carbon dioxide emission.
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    Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Geopolymer Mortar Containing Cassava Peel Ash and Metakaolin
    (School of environmental Technology (SETIC 2020) International conference, 2021-05-03) Wuna, M.A, Nmadu Helen Gogo, Ogunbode, E.B, Mohoro, I.S.
    The cement industry has been recorded to have contributed immensely to the high global carbon dioxide emissions the word is contesting with today. This has made researchers to looked for other sustainable substitutes. One of the possibility substitutes is geopolymer mortar, which has no cement content in it. Geopolymer mortar can be produced using agricultural and industrial wastes like cassava peel ash (CPA), rice husk ash (RHA), metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA), and many more. Geopolymer have been proven recently to be the way of converting agricultural, thermal and industrial waste into construction repair materials. When comparing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) mortar with geopolymer mortar, geopolymer mortar is considered as a highly eco-friendly product. This paper evaluates the compressive and shear bond strength properties of geopolymer mortar manufactured using Cassava Peel Ash (CPA) and Metakaolin (MK). Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and 9 molar concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were used as alkaline activator. The mass ratios of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (NS: NH) and the binder to fine aggregate (B: A) were fixed to 2.5 and 0.4 respectively. The compressive strength of the synthesized GPM were determined at 3, 7 and 28-days. The compressive strength at 28 days curing was 46.5 N/mm2. Results revealed that 50% replacement of MK with CPA made with 9M concentration of NaoH enhanced the compressive strength of the mortar while 100% CPA content in the mortar demonstrated the highest shear bond strength value. The grooved surface improved the bonding strength. The bond strength results have proven that the surface texture must be considered in determining the bond strength. It is concluded that geopolymer mortar incorporating 100 percent metakaolin could be used in the construction industry with the almost negligible amount of environmental problems.
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    APPRAISING OFFICE ERGONOMIC MEASURES IN THE SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA
    (KESJ Environmental Science Journal, 2024-02) HASSAN, K. M., MOHAMMED, Y.D., NMADU, Helen Gogo, ADULRAHMAN, R.S.
    Accidents that occur in offices are frequently due to poorly designed office environment and improper office procedures. From 1991-2004 the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board reported that musculoskeletal disorders accounted for nearly 42% of all lost time. This accounts for only lost time which underestimates the true nature of problems as many individuals continue to work with pain and discomfort. The study aimed at appraising office ergonomic measures in the school of environmental technology of federal university of technology, Minna, the objective of this study is to provide such information to improving human health, safety and performance at workplace through the application of sound workers and workplace principles. The study is criteria – based in which questionnaires were administered to selected 65academic staffers who met the research criteria. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between Staff Assessment of Ergonomic Measures and Standard Ergonomic Measures. Regression analysis was used to determine the impact of SEM on SAEM. The Pearson correlation reveals a positive moderate significant relationship between standard ergonomic measures and staff assessment of ergonomic measures (r is 0.561, while its P < 0.001). Findings reveals that standard ergonomic measures contributes additional benefits of unstandardized coefficient = 0.527, t = 8.135 and P < 0.005. It can be concluded that a reasonable correlation exists between staff assessment of ergonomic measures and standard ergonomic measures practice at workplace. The regression prediction findings indicate that additional improvement on the level of staff's assessment of ergonomic measures will spring up enormous benefit to prevent musculoskeletal disordersat workplace. The study recommends adequate training and awareness of staffers as regard to office ergonomic measures.
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    Cost of Implementing Health and Safety Measures in Construction Projects in Abuja, Nigeria
    (SETIC 2020 International conference, 2021-05-03) Hassan, K.M, Mohammed, Y.D, & Nmadu, Helen Gogo
    The high rates of construction accidents as well as increase in construction cost due to accidents have been an issue of concern. The cost of health and safety during forecasting the construction cost is given little or no emphasis. This has become a threat to both contractors and their clients and has also posed great challenges in project executions with its multiplying effect on incurring additional cost in completing the project, and as such certain contractors and sub-contractors pay little or no attention in implementing health and safety measures. Hence, the aim of this study is to determine the cost of implementing health and safety measures in construction projects. The study is a criteria – based study, in which certain criteria were outline for the selection of the construction firms. The study largely derives quantitative measure in order to determine the cost of implementing health and safety measures on construction projects. Quantity surveyors with vast knowledge of health and safety in the construction firms were considered for this research. Correlation analysis was conducted in order to determine the relationship between cost of implementing health and safety measures and cost of construction projects and the result was found to be significant (P < 0.005). This relationship was modeled using simple linear regression and from the model the result shows that the cost of implementing of health and safety measures have little or no effect on the total cost of construction project. The findings recommend the need for contractors to implement an effective and efficient health and safety cost management system in the Nigeria construction industry, as this will help them in achieving an improvement on construction site safety performance.
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    Exploring the Patterns of Deterioration: A Case Study of Buildings in a Residential Estate in Nigeria
    (Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Infrastructure and Sustainable Development (ICSID 2024)At: Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, 2024-09) Olubajo, Oluseun Olukemi; Kudu, Mohammed; Abass, Abdulshakur
    Research into the deterioration of buildings tends to focus on probable causes. However,investigations that explore the nature, extent and pattern of the deterioration in residential buildings is limited. This study aims at exploring the patterns of deterioration in a residential estate with multiple buildings in Minna and the liveability of the community. The study adopts a mixed method approach with a case study and data is obtained through observations and a structured questionnaire administered by hand to residents on the condition of their buildings.The results revealed huge similarities in the nature and extent of deterioration for different building types in the estate with dampness of walls/roofs being the most severe form of deterioration (MIS =3.71) and heavy rainfall being the most likely cause of deterioration (MIS= 3.85). The study also found that majority of residents opted to live in the estate generally because they felt safe (MIS = 4.33). The study argues that the level of deterioration in the buildings might lead to lower living conditions in the estate.