Building Technology

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Building Technology

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    Thermal Comfort Performance of Thermoelectric Peltier Module Refrigeration System in Built Environment
    (School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna. PMB 65, Minna, Niger State Nigeria., 2024-11-29) Musa Titus Dada; Ejiga Anthony Ejiga
    According to data provided by the International Energy Agency, nearly 1.6 billion air conditioning (A/C) systems were operating globally in 2017, accounting for approximately 6% of the overall final energy consumption. To address the energy and economic challenges posed by such extensive use of air conditioning for thermal comfort, it is imperative to identify alternative solutions that can effectively operate in warm-humid environments. This study explored the thermal comfort performance of thermoelectric module refrigeration (TEMR) system in built environment; installed in a single-room facility in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, over a one-month period. The experimental setup involved a test room measuring 1.3 m x 2.6 m x 3 m, equipped with aluminum roofing, an asbestos ceiling, an aluminum-framed window, and a steel door. The TEMR system was assessed for its ability to regulate indoor temperature and humidity under varying external climatic conditions. The TEMR system operated at a constant current of 6.4A, with data collected at specific intervals throughout each day. Results indicated that the TEMR system significantly reduced indoor air temperature and relative humidity, particularly during peak operational hours (12:00 pm to 2:00 pm). Weekly variations showed temperature drops from 37°C to 22°C and humidity reductions from 60% to 32% within 60 minutes of operation. These findings align with ASHRAE Standard 55-2017 for indoor environmental quality. The study concludes that the TEMR system is effective in improving indoor climatic conditions, offering a sustainable and energy-efficient cooling solution. Its performance, influenced by external climatic factors, demonstrates potential for broader application, particularly in developing regions where long- term, low-maintenance, and environmentally friendly cooling solutions are needed.
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    Analysing the Physical Condition of Buildings: A Case Study of an Institution of Learning in Nigeria
    (School of Environmental Technology International Conference Proceedings (SETIC 2024), 2024) Abass, A.; OGUNBODE Ezekiel Babatunde; Olubajo, O. O.
    Abstract Buildings depreciate with time and gradually perform less than they are expected. This is a concern for building owners and users. Research on depreciation of building tends to focus on identifying or categorising defects. However, investigations that examine the condition of public buildings that inhabit large and frequent users is limited. The aim of this research is to analyse the physical condition of public buildings in an institution of learning. This study adopts a case study approach involving physical observations and the condition rating of three buildings in an institution of learning in Nigeria. The results of the analysis showed that there were several similar defects on the walls, floors, roof, electrical and mechanical services. The results on the condition of the buildings showed average condition index values indicating that the buildings were in moderate condition with the laboratory in a better condition with an average condition rating of 0.58 and the offices with an average condition rating of 0.52 and the classes with an average condition rating of 0.44. The study argues that improving the condition or state of the buildings would lead to enhanced building performance.
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    EVALUATION OF CONTRACTORS SAFETY AND HEALTH PERFORMANCE USING OSHA MATHEMATICAL STANDARD
    (journal of environmental spectrum (JES), 2019-05-29) HASSAN, K.M. MOHAMMED, Y.D. & NMADU, Helen Gogo
    The rapid growth in the construction industries has led to increases in accidents and fatality rates which threat on the occupational safety and health. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct) of 1994 obligate employer to provide and maintain a safe and healthful workplace for all employees. Ignorance and lack of safety compliance from contractors had caused employees to violate the safety procedure and the outcomes were unsafe acts, hazardous condition, injuries and accidents. Contractors play an important role in the accomplishment of the building construction. Thus, there is the need to evaluate contractor’s safety and health performance using OSHA mathematical standard. This study is a criteria – based study, and mainly derives quantitative measure in order to evaluate contractor’s safety and health performance using OSHA mathematical standard. Twenty (20) construction companies that meet the study criteria were selected. Some contractor’s performance is very satisfactorily while some are of average. It can be concluded that the number of subcontractors on sites determine the number of employees on site which determine the status of the accidents on site. Also the number of employees on sites determines the numbers of recordable injury or illness per 100 employees. To increase the benefits of safety management system practice on site by the contractors and better overall performance, it is recommended that the contractors should give credence to implementation of health and safety measures through cordial relationship with the construction workers, with emphasis on accident reduction at the construction sites. Keywords: accident, contractors, construction, employees, performance
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    Exploring the Drivers and Barriers for Sustainable Infrastructure Projects Delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa
    (Environmental Technology & Science Journal (ETSJ), 2019-12) Isa R.B., Bilau A.A., Nmadu, Helen .Gogo, Ogunbode, E.B., Ayegba, C.U.
    Sustainability of the built environment has become an international imperative within the Architecture, Construction, and Engineering (ACE) sector. While much has been written about the drivers and the mitigating barriers to sustainability and sustainable construction in Africa, the implementation of the concept is still a challenge. This exploratory research employs an interpretative paradigm to add to what is known about the issues in sub-Saharan Africa. The collection, categorization and analysis of interview transcripts and a review of extant literature and document analysis led to salient insights. Findings show that education and experience inform a designer's understanding of sustainable design and construction and designers' understanding of sustainable design value or lack of, affect their behavior attitude and likelihood to promote sustainable practice. The study found that Change strategy that equips a project actor with knowledge and skill needed to do things differently as a major factor for embedding sustainability in the construction industry. Drivers as solutions to barriers that were identified include improved knowledge of sustainable design, leadership and demands, and construction and the material usage. Most importantly, there is a need for a change in client perception of the cost of going green
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    Mechanical and microstructure properties of cassava peel ash–based kenaf bio-fibrous concrete composites
    (Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2021-05-20) Ezekiel B. Ogunbode, Bemgba B, Nyakuma., Richard A. Jimoh, Temitope A. Lawal & Helen G. Nmadu
    The study investigated the effects of kenaf bio-fibre (KBF) and cassava peel ash (CPA) on the physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete. The CPA was characterized by microstructural studies such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The KBF (length, L = 5 cm) and five (5) volume fractions from 0 to 1.0% (Δ% = 0.25%) were used with Portland cement (CEM 1). Next, five concrete mixtures were also cast using 10% CPA as a replacement for CEM 1. The results revealed that the inclusion of KBF in concrete and blending CPA with CEM1 reduced the slump values with no major improvement of the compressive strength. However, blending CPA with CEM1 and inclusion of KBF in concrete improved the VeBe time of the fresh concrete and the tensile and flexural strengths of the hardened concrete. The SEM results showed that KBF serve as bridges between the cracks and enhanced the load transfer capability of the concrete matrix. Overall, the study demonstrated that the utilization of KBF and CPA in concrete is a technically feasible and environmentally friendly approach to waste valorization and sustainable construction
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    EVALUATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF BINARY BLEND ALKALINE ACTIVATED MORTAR
    (Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 2021-09) NMADU, Helen Gogo, OGUNBODE, E. B., WUNA, M. A., ADAMU, B., SANI, M., & MUDASHIRU, S. H.
    Alkaline Activated materials have been proven recently to be the way of converting Agricultural, thermal and industrial waste into construction repair materials. This paper evaluates the microstructure and compressive properties of Cassava Peel Ash (CPA) incorporated Metakaolin (MK) based Alkaline Activated Mortar (AAM). Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were used as an alkaline activator and NaOH in varying concentrations of 6, 9 and 12 M. The mass ratios of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (NS: NH) and the binder to fine aggregate (B: A) were fixed to 2.5 and 0.4 respectively. The specimens were subjected to a curing temperature of 60ºC for a duration of 24 hours. The compressive strength of the synthesized AAMs was determined at 3, 7 and 28 days. The use of Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) was used to study the microstructure of the mortar. It is demonstrated that 50% of MK replaced CPA of 12m of NaoH achieved the highest compressive strength as much as 47.6 N/mm2 at 28 days curing. The strength and microstructural characteristics of the synthesized AAMs was significantly improved. The study showed that the use of Cassava Peel Ash and Metakaolin in the production of sustainable green geopolymer mortar is a suitable alternative repair material that is feasible both technically and environmentally.
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    Effect of Alkali-Activation on Setting Characteristics of Binary and Ternary Blended Geopolymer Mortar
    (AL FARABI 4TH International congresson applied science,Erzurum Turkey, 2022-09-12) Nmadu Helen Gogo, Ogunbode E.B, Yusuf I.O, Hassan K.M
    To achieve sustainability, efforts have been made to eliminate the problem connected with cement usage and production by completely replacing cement with an environmentally benign binder. This study investigates the impact of alkali activation on the setting properties of three precursors (Metakaolin, Cassava Peel Ash, and Rice Husk Ash) combined for binary and ternary geopolymer mortar. The fresh properties of geopolymer mortars, including flowability, setting time, and strength, were studied. For each test, a binary mortar mix ratio of CPA/MK, MK/RHA, and CPA/RHA, such as 100/0, 0/100, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75, was assessed, as well as a ternary mortar mix ratio of MK/CPA/RHA, such as 100/100/100, 50/25/25, 25/50/25, and 25/25/50, and 100 percent PC (Control). As activators for geopolymer mortar mixture, 6M, 9M, and 12M concentrations of Na2SiO3/NaOH solutions were utilized. The results demonstrated that the control mortar containing 100 percent PC flowed less than the binary and ternary mortars. Mixtures with a greater proportion of CPA cure faster than those containing a greater proportion of MK or RHA. In addition, the water-to-binder absorption rate of RHA is greater than that of MK and CPA. On the basis of its soundness features, the 100 percent PC (control) exhibits less expansion than the binary and ternary blended geopolymer mixtures. As an environmentally friendly building material, geopolymer mortar has shown great feasibility and application potential, according to the current study.
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    STRENGTHENING MORTAR BY USING A TERNARY GEOPOLYMER BINDER MADE OF CASSAVA PEEL ASH, METAKAOLIN, AND RICE HUSK ASH
    (Faculty of environmental science (FES,) RECONFES 001, Enugu state university of science and technology, 2022-06-08) OKWORI Lawrence Eshufu , OGUNBODE Ezekiel Babatunde , IBRAHIM Hassan Ogiri , NMADU Helen Gogo
    An alternative new ternary geopolymer mortar was developed to resolve a traditional mortar problem which exhibits several disadvantages, including poor strengths and surface microcracks and the CO2 air pollution. The ternary binder was produced using Cassava peel ash (CPA), Metakaolin (MK), and Rice husk ash (RHA) activated with an alkaline mixture of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and 9 M NaOH in a mass ratio of 2.5. Five different mix proportions of CPA, MK, and RHA were used to fabricate the ternary geopolymer mortars (TGPM‘s). The water-to-binder ratio was 0.35. The mortars were heat cured for 24 h at 60℃ and then aged under room temperature. Mortar flow and compressive strength was tested. The results showed that the sample C70M20R10, which contained 70% CPA, 20% MK, and 10% RHA, exhibited high compressive strength (50.02 N/mm2 and 54.74 N/mm2 ) without any crack at 28 days and 56 days respectively, after being cured for 24 hours at 60C; however, the C90M07R03 mortar with optimal strength of 55.32 N/mm2 and 58.93N/mm2 for 28 days and 56 days respectively, showed some surface cracks. This ternary binder will be useful from an environmental viewpoint, as it reduces the waste disposed in landfills and helps prevent global warming. Production of new geopolymer binder of mortar as alternative to traditional cement binder with high early and normal strength from low cost waste materials and earth explored materials, less potential of cracking, less energy consumption need and low carbon dioxide emission.
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    Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Geopolymer Mortar Containing Cassava Peel Ash and Metakaolin
    (School of environmental Technology (SETIC 2020) International conference, 2021-05-03) Wuna, M.A, Nmadu Helen Gogo, Ogunbode, E.B, Mohoro, I.S.
    The cement industry has been recorded to have contributed immensely to the high global carbon dioxide emissions the word is contesting with today. This has made researchers to looked for other sustainable substitutes. One of the possibility substitutes is geopolymer mortar, which has no cement content in it. Geopolymer mortar can be produced using agricultural and industrial wastes like cassava peel ash (CPA), rice husk ash (RHA), metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA), and many more. Geopolymer have been proven recently to be the way of converting agricultural, thermal and industrial waste into construction repair materials. When comparing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) mortar with geopolymer mortar, geopolymer mortar is considered as a highly eco-friendly product. This paper evaluates the compressive and shear bond strength properties of geopolymer mortar manufactured using Cassava Peel Ash (CPA) and Metakaolin (MK). Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and 9 molar concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were used as alkaline activator. The mass ratios of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (NS: NH) and the binder to fine aggregate (B: A) were fixed to 2.5 and 0.4 respectively. The compressive strength of the synthesized GPM were determined at 3, 7 and 28-days. The compressive strength at 28 days curing was 46.5 N/mm2. Results revealed that 50% replacement of MK with CPA made with 9M concentration of NaoH enhanced the compressive strength of the mortar while 100% CPA content in the mortar demonstrated the highest shear bond strength value. The grooved surface improved the bonding strength. The bond strength results have proven that the surface texture must be considered in determining the bond strength. It is concluded that geopolymer mortar incorporating 100 percent metakaolin could be used in the construction industry with the almost negligible amount of environmental problems.
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    INFLUENCE OF CONTRACTUAL RISKS ON BUILDING PROJECT DELIVERY IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
    (EDMIC 2019 Environmental design and management international conference, Ile-Ife Nigeria., 2019-05-22) HASSAN, K.M, MOHAMMED, Y.D, & NMADU, Helen Gogo
    Contractual risks were risks mostly encountered by contractors in Nigeria and identified to have the consequences on claims, risks in construction especially with the increase construction complexity and the clients are getting more sophisticated in disputes, lack of coordination, delays and inflated costs. Those challenges are due to unanticipated their demands. These challenges prompted this study on influence of contractual risks on building contracts in Abuja. The study largely derives qualitative measure in order to understand the influence of contractual risk on building delivery. The study is criteria – based study, in which certain criteria were outline for the selection of the construction companies. The respondent (stakeholders) samples used in the study were drawn from the total population of stakeholders in the 5 construction companies selected for the study. The total numbers of stakeholders are 220 while 140 were selected for the study following the rules of Krejcie and Morgan, (1970). The analysis of the questionnaires survey data was undertaken using (SPSS) version 20. Correlation analysis was conducted in order to determine the relationship between contractual risks factors and project delivery (time and cost) and the result were found to be significant (P<0.005). This relationship was modeled using simple linear regression and from the model the result shows that contractual risks factors have effect on project delivery in term of time and cost. Risk management should be integrated into project management processes to minimize the effect of contractual risk factors on time and cost increase of building project